IIIRD DECLENSION : CONSONANT STEMS Basic medical terminology 6 Specific features of the 3rd declension —All 3 genders are included (cortex m., radix f., femur n.) —Genitive ending: -is —Nom. Sg. – various endings (sanguis, excisio, abductor, rete, latus, femur, abdomen, cavitas) ¡!NOMINATIVE form is NOT interconnected with the GENDER! Words must be carefully memorized! —Two main groups: ¡nominative and genitive stem differs (genitive is longer than nominative) Consonant stems ¡nominative and genitive stem remains unchanged (genitive has same number of syllables as nominative) ¡I- stems + exceptions ¡ — Specific features of the 3rd declension -Consonant stems — —Stem in gen. sg. and nom sg. usually differs ¡pulm-o//pulmon-is ¡fem-ur//femor-is ¡ rad-ix//radic-is — —For the proper inflection the GENITIVE form is NECESSARY to know — — — 1. pulm-o 2. pulmon-is 4. pulmon-em 6. pulmon-e Declension paradigms Consonant I-stems EXCEPTIONS DOLOR CORPUS PELVIS RETE DOSIS, FEBRIS M. + F. N. M. + F. N. F. DOLOR Sg. Pl. nom. dolor dolor-es gen. dolor-is dolor-um ak. dolor-em dolor-es abl. dolor-e dolor-ibus CORPUS Sg. Pl. nom. corpus corpor-a gen. corpor-is corpor-um ak. corpus corpor-a abl. corpor-e corpor-ibus KOncovky do prezentácií.png Latin and Greek declensions EXCEPTIONS 1.os, ossis n. bone → gen. pl.–ium 2.vas, vasis, n. vessel 1.In sg. follows paradigm CORPUS vas-vasis-vas-vase 2.In pl. follows paradigm CEREBRUM vasa-vasorum-vasa-vasis 3.GREEK NOUNS typical endings 1.-itis//-itidis → inflammation 2.-(o)ma//-(o)matis → tumour diseases/swellings ÷ Connection with the adjective —F M N —SG. —1. cavitas magna dolor magnus foramen magnum —2. cavitatis magnae doloris magni foraminis magni —4. (in) cavitatem magnam dolorem magnum foramen magnum —6. (in) cavitate magna dolore magno foramine magno — —PL. —1. cavitates magnae dolores magni foramina magna —2. cavitatum magnarum dolorum magnorum foraminum magnorum —4. (in) cavitates magnas dolores magnos foramina magna —6. (in) cavitatibus magnis doloribus magnis foraminibus magnis Write down stems —Abdomen —Dolor —Latus —Abductor —Encephalitis —Lien —Amputatio —Excisio —Luxatio —Apex —Extensor —Margo — — Nom. Sg. Gen. sg. Stem •Abdominis • •Doloris •Lateris • •Abductoris •Encephalitidis •Lienis • •Amputationis •Excisionis • •Luxationis • •Apicis • •Extensoris • •Marginis • • •Abdomin- • •Dolor- •Later- • •Abductor- •Encephalitid- •Lien- • •Amputation- •Excision- • •Luxation- • •Apic- • •Extensor- • •Margin- • • Assign nouns to paradimgs vena systole nervus septum dolor corpus • musculus • vulnus • ulcus • digitus • albus • • cavitas • vas • arterias • diarrhoas • • ligamenta • aqua • crura • symptoma • tumor • ren • abdomen • systolen • apex • cortex • luxatio • ostio • os • radios • cor What is a nominative form of these nouns? Ex.: Injectionis > Injectio, feminine, DOLOR Change into nominative plural: —Femur —Mater —Flos —Foramen —Oedema —Apex —Caput —Melanoma —Cartilago —Injectio — •Femora •Matres •Flores •Foramina •Oedemata •Apices •Capita •Melanomata •Cartilagines •Injectiones • Connect nouns to name structures: —Cavitas — 1.Cranii 2.Thoracis 3.Abdominis 4.Laryngis 5.Nasi 6.Oris 7.Pharyngis 8.Uteri •Cervix • 1.Uteri 2.Vesicae urinariae •Caput • 1.Costae 2.Femoris 3.Fibulae 4.Humeri 5.Mandibulae 6.Phalangis 7.Radii 8.Ulnae •Regio • 1.Brachii 2.Capitis 3.Carpi 4.Cervicis 5.Coxae 6.Cruris 7.Dorsi 8.Femoris 9.Pedis •Corpus • 1.Linguae 2.Phalangis 3.Sterni 4.Tali 5.Tibiae 6.Uteri 7.Ossis metacarpi 8.Ossis metatarsi 9.Coccygis Assign adjectives to nouns —tumor• corpus• medicamentum•pes • os• foramen• diameter• vulnus Benignus Malignus Novus Humanum Osseum Adiposum Alienum Novum Bonum Humanus Sinister dexter Longum sacrum Nutricium Medium Obliqua Scissum Sclopetarium Contusum Sectum Punctum Find Greek and Latin synonyms 16 —ENGLISH LATIN GREEK —_____________ ___________ soma —_____________ os, oris _____________ —kidney _____________ _____________ —_____________ _____________ colon —brain _____________ _____________ —_____________ organum _____________ —_____________ _____________ hepar —stitch _____________ _____________ —_____________ vulnus __________ intestinum crassum cerebrum organon r(h)aphe nephros encephalon sutura organ large intestine ren liver iecur injury, wound trauma mouth stoma body corpus Add loose attributes, TASK 5 —Cavitas + septum nasi —Operatio + cervix uteri —Corpus + vertebra thoracica —Fractura + os sacrum —Luxatio + crus —Morbus infectiosus + abdomen —Dolor acutus + caput •Cavitas septi nasi •Operatio cervicis uteri •Corpus vertebrae thoracicae •Fractura ossis sacri •Luxatio cruris •Morbus infectiosus abdominis •Dolor acutus capitis Change for nominative plural, TASK 7 —sphincter —foramen nutricium —dolor chronicus —vas longum —musculus adductor —femur fractum —cartilago thyreoidea —vulnus punctum —sphincteres —foramina nutricia —dolores chronici —vasa longa —musculi adductores —femora fracta —cartilagines thyreoideae —vulnera puncta Connect with the preposition to form the phrase, TASK 6 —inter —post —sub (position) —propter —ad —pro —per —cum —contra •phalanges digitorum •operationem carcinomatis •lobo dextro pulmonis •dolorem acutum cordis •cavitatem nasi •injectione subcutanea •os •vulnere secto •ulcus ventriculi Fill in the missing ending, TASK 9 —Vitium acquisit_____ ren_____ —Operatio tumor_____ benign_____ in cavitat_____ or_____ —Fractura complicat_____ femor_____ sinistr_____ —Luxatio articulation_____ —Injectio contra dolor_____ acut_____ —Periculum carcinomat_____ cervic_____ uter_____ —Oculus post operation_____ irid_____ —Medicamentum bon_____ contra encephalitid_____ adult_____ —Excisio tumor_____ benign_____ —Medicamentum bon_____ contra colitid____ acut_____ um um um um is is is is is is is is is i i i i e em em a am em em orum 1.Vulnus + sclopetarius, a, um + dorsum 2. 2.Sutura + vulnus + lacer, a, um + caput 3. 3.Oedema + propter + vulnus + contusus, a, um + femur 4. 4.Infectio + in + vulnus + scissus, a, um + digitus + II 5. 5.Vulnus (pl.) + sectus, a, um + antebrachium 6. 6.Sepsis + post + vulnus (pl.) + morsus, a, um + caput 7. 7.Corpus (pl.) + alienus, a, um + in + vulnus (pl.) + punctus, a, um + abdomen 8. Form phrases with different types of injuries •Vulnus sclopetarium dorsi • •Sutura vulneris laceri capitis • •Oedema propter vulnus contusum femoris • •Infectio in vulnere scisso digiti secundi • •Vulnera secta antebrachii • •Sepsis post vulnera morsa capitis • • •Corpora aliena in vulneribus punctis abdominis bullet450_AWVqk_16269.jpg filet.jpg 06250921500033.jpg A B C D E F G A vulnus sclopetarium dorsi/ B vulnera secta antebrachii, (vidno len jednu ranu!)/ C oedema propter vulnus contusum femoris/ D corpora aliena in vulneribus punctis abdominis (často sa dostanu do rany kúsky látky z odevu) /E sutura vulneris laceri capitis / F Infectio in vulnere scisso digiti secundi / G sepsis post vulnera morsa capitis (vidno len jednu ranu!) Reading authentic records 2 - read and translate the diagnosis, re-write it without abbreviations LS vulnus scissum.jpg 2 —A 45-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of generalized body pains nonresponsive to analgesics. Along with a low back pain, she had progressive difficulty in getting up from sitting and supine positions and in walking. There was no history of trauma or any medication intake. She is an orthodox believer who wears a black veil outdoors and is completely covered, with little exposure to the sun. An anteroposterior radio-graph of the pelvis showed an undisplaced transverse fracture of the shaft of both femurs. The patient was treated with therapeutic doses of calcium and vitamin D supplements. shaft fracture.png Fill in what is missing Origo.png venter f. caudae 4 originis 1 n. head insertionis insertion ventris muscle belly 3 cauda f. tail origo f. origin caput capitis 2 insertio f. 5 Names of muscles by fiber direction 1 2 3 4 m. transversus abdominis m. internus obliquus abdominis m. externus obliquus abdominis m. rectus abdominis The muscle(s) that… —…moves the little finger away from other fingers is… •…helps the face to form a smile because it elevates the angles of the mouth at each corner is… …stretches the wide band that encloses the thigh muscles is… Musculus abductor digiti minimi Musculus levator anguli oris Musculus tensor fasciae latae Name the action performed by the given muscle —Musculus adductor hallucis longus —Musculus compressor urethrae —Musculus constrictor pharyngis medius —Musculus depressor anguli oris —Musculus dilatator pupillae —Musculus extensor carpi —Musculus flexor digitorum profundus —Musculus levator glandulae thyr(e)oideae —Musculi rotatores thoracis —Musculus tensor fasciae latae — Musculus abductor pollicis longus >> abductio, onis, f. Adductio, onis, f. Compressio, onis, f. Constrictio, onis, f. Depressio, onis, f. Dilatatio, onis, f. Extensio, onis, f. Flexio, onis, f. Levatio, onis, f. Rotatio, onis, f. Tensio, onis, f. Specific features of the 3rd declension -Latin I-stems —Masculine and feminine nouns ¡have the same numbers of syllables in the nominative and the genitive singular: ÷ca-na-lis, ca-na-lis ÷pel-vis, pel-vis ÷pu-bes, pu-bis ¡a group of consonants is preceding the genitive ending -is ¡ (i.e. the stem ends in a group of consonants) ÷pars, part-is ÷dens, dent-is ÷ —Neutral nouns ¡words ending in nom. sg. in -e, -al or –ar ¡only few words: animal, alis, n., calcar, aris, n., cochlear, aris, n., rete, is, n. — — — Declension paradigms Consonant I-stems EXCEPTIONS DOLOR CORPUS PELVIS RETE DOSIS, FEBRIS M. + F. N. M. + F. N. F. PELVIS Sg. Pl. nom. pelvis pelv-es gen. pelv-is pelv-ium ak. pelv-em pelv-es abl. pelv-e pelv-ibus I-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS ENDINGS PHOTO.png — ENDINGS PHOTO.png The difference between paradigms PELVIS and DOLOR The difference between paradigms PELVIS and DOLOR Sg. Pl. nom. pelvis pelv-es gen. pelv-is pelv-ium ak. pelv-em pelv-es abl. pelv-e pelv-ibus Sg. Pl. nom. dolor dolor-es gen. dolor-is dolor-um ak. dolor-em dolor-es abl. dolor-e dolor-ibus —I-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS •CONSONANT-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS RETE Sg. Pl. nom. rete ret-ia gen. ret-is ret-ium ak. rete ret-ia abl. ret-i ret-ibus •I-STEM NEUTRAL GENDER NOUNS ENDINGS PHOTO.png NEUTRAL GENDER NOUNS DOSIS Sg. Pl. nom. dosis dos-es gen. dos-is / -eos dos-ium ak. dos-im / -in dos-es abl. dos-i dos-ibus •Only feminine nouns decline according to paradigm dosis •These words are mostly of Greek origin •in nominative singular they end in -sis, -xis, -osis •and the genitive singular is the same Some Latin words are declined according to dosis, but they do not have Greek endings: febris, is, f, tussis, is, f., pertussis, is, f., sitis, is, f., tuberculosis, is, f. EXCEPTIONS 1. hepar, hepatis, n. is declined like CORPUS 2. axis, is, m. is inflected like PELVIS 3.Nouns DENS, FONS, FRONS, LENS, MENS, MONS, MORS, PARS and PONS, are inflected like PELVIS (= gen. pl. –ium) even if they do not have equal number of syllables 4.Words inflected like DOSIS have very frequently irregular ending in genitive sg. -eos and in accusative sg. -in. 5.Nouns FEBRIS, TUSSIS, PERTUSSIS, SITIS, TUBERCULOSIS are inflected like DOSIS 6.Greek nouns typical ending ¡ -osis > non-inflammatory degenerative disease ¡ e. g. arthrosis, nephrosis, spondylosis… Write down the stem and guess the paradigm word —os, ossis, n. —cutis, is, f. —mors, tis, f. —pulmo, onis, f. —trauma, atis, n. —basis, is /eos, f. —animal, alis, n. —latus, eris, n. —tussis, is, f. —pubes, is, f. •oss- •cut- •mort- •pulmon- •traumat- •bas- •animal- •later- •tuss- •pub- ~corpus ~pelvis ~pelvis ~dolor ~corpus ~dosis ~rete ~corpus ~dosis ~auris