MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM


1.      Syndesmosis (description, example); foot interossous muscles

2.      Synchodrosis (description, example); muscles of the hip – posterior group, deep layer
(pelvitrochanteric)

3.      Synostosis (description, example); leg muscles – posterior compartment, deep layer

4.      General description of the diarthrosis (synovial joint); facial muscles – muscles of the
calvaria, muscles around the nose

5.      Accessory features of synovial joints; trapezius, latissimus dorsi

6.      Amphiarthrosis (description, example); forearm muscles – anterior compartment, superficial
layer

7.      Plane joint (description, example); leg muscles – anterior compartment

8.      Arthrodia, enarthrosis (description, examples); leg muscles – posterior compartment,
superficial layer

9.      Lateral atlanto-axial joint; leg muscles – lateral compartment

10.  Pivot joint (description, example); dorsal muscles of the arm

11.  Hinge joint (description, example); muscles of the back – heterochtonous (extrinsic),
spinocostal muscles

12.  Saddle joint (description, example); muscles of the forearm – anterior compartment, middle and
deep layer

13.  Ellipsoid joint (description, example); muscles of the forearm – posterior compartment,
superficial layer

14.  Hinge joint (ginglymus) (description, example); forearm muscles – posterior compartment, deep
layer

15.  Monoaxial joints (description, example); deep layer of muscles of the sole

16.  Biaxial joints (description, example); middle layer of muscles of the sole

17.  Triaxial joints (description, example); diaphragm

18.  Articular disc and meniscus – schema, examples; muscles of the hip – posterior group –
superficial layer (gluteal muscles)

19.  Ball and socket joint (examples); anterior compartment of the thigh

20.  Temporomandibular joint; deep muscles of the back – spinotransversal system

21.  Joint of head of rib; rectus sheath – schema; linea alba

22.  Costotransverse joint; posterior compartment of the thigh

23.  Intervertebral joint; medial compartment of the thigh

24.  Sternocostal connections; dorsal muscles of the foot

25.  Long and shorts ligaments of the vertebral column; superficial layer of muscles of the sole

26.  Atlanto-occipital joint; anterior compartment of abdominal muscles

27.  Median atlanto-axial joint; lateral group of abdominal muscles

28.  Intervertebral discs, shape and movements of the vertebral column; hand muscles – thenar
muscles

29.  Sternoclavicular joint; lateral compartment of forearm muscles

30.  Acromioclavicular joint; deep muscles of the back - transversospinal system

31.  Syndesmoses of the shoulder girdle; muscles of the thorax – proper muscles of the thorax

32.  Shoulder joint – articular surfaces, articular capsule; inguinal canal

33.  Shoulder joint – accessory features of the joint, movements; suprahyoid muscles

34.  Elbow joint – articular surfaces, type of the joint; infrahyoid muscles

35.  Elbow joint – capsule attachment, accessory features of the joint, movements; scalene and
prevertebral (deep cervical) muscles

36.  Radiocarpal joint; posterior group of abdominal muscles

37.  Mediocarpal joint; inguinal ligament, vascular and muscular spaces (lacunae), fascia of
abdominal muscles

38.  II-V carpometacarpal joints; back muscles – suboccipital muscles, fascia of the back

39.  Carpometacarpal joint of thumb; deep muscles of the back – spinospinal and sacrospinal systems

40.  Sacroiliac joint; hand muscles – lumbricals and interossei

41.  Syndesmoses of the pelvic girdle; levator scapulae and rhomboids

42.  Hip joint – articular surfaces, articular capsule; hand muscles – hypothenar muscles

43.  Hip joint – accessory features of the joint, movements; masticatory muscles, head fasciae

44.  Knee joint – articular surfaces, articular capsule (schema - fibrous capsule and synovial
membrane); shoulder muscles, fasciae

45.  Knee joint – accessory features of the joint, movements; hand fasciae

46.  Tibiofibular joint and syndesmoses; arm muscles – anterior group, arm fasciae

47.  Talocrural joint – articular surfaces, movements; carpal tunnel

48.  Talocrural joint – collateral ligaments; muscles of the thorax – superficial layer

49.  Tarsal transversal joint (Chopart´s joint); platysma, sternocleidomastoideus, fascia of the
neck

50.  Tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc´s joint); facial muscles – muscles around the orbit,
buccinator

51.  Arches of the foot – arrangement of the bones and supporting muscles; facial muscles – muscles
around the mouth

Note: In all muscles/muscle groups is necessary to know their origin, insertion, innervation and
function.