DIGESTIVE SYSTEM GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - GIT (APPARATUS DIGESTORIUS) > > > > > Oral cavity (Cavitas oralis) Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach (Gaster) Small intestine (Intestinum tenue) Large intestine (Intestinum crassum) GLANDS r Salivary glands (Glandulae salivariae) ^ Liver (Hepar) ' Pancreas Structure of the digestive tube TUNICA EXTERNA (ADVENTITIA) (SEROSA=visceral peritoneum) Peritoneum parietale Oral cavity - cavitas oris Borders: Rima oris Isthmus faucium Labia, buccae Palatum (durum, molle) Diaphragma oris Content: Lingua, dentes Division: Vestibulum oris Cavitas oris proprium (tremata, trigonum retromolare) Vestibulum oris Papilla parotidea Plica pterygomandibulare Fornix vestibuli sup. (frenulum labii sup.) Fornix vestibuli inf. (frenulum labii inf.) Lips (labia oris), cheeks (buccae, mallae) Palatum - durum et molie Proc. palatini maxillarum Mukoperiost Laminae horizontales Papilla incisiva (ductus incisivi) of the palatine bones Raphe palati, plicae palatinae trans. Glandulae palatinae Muscles of the soft palate Aponeurosis palatina M. tensor veli palatini M. levator veli palatini M. palatoglossus M. palatopharyngeus M. uvulae m.transversus lingue Plexus pharyngeus - CN IX, X Tensor - CN V Isthmus faucium Palatum molle Uvula palatina Arcus palatoglossus (plica triangularis) Arcus palatopharyngeus Radix linguae Sinus tonsillaris Tonsilla palatina (Waldeyer's lymphoepithelial ring) Floor of the oral cavity* diaphragma oris m. geniohyoideus, m. mylohyoideus m. digastricus, m. stylohyoideus plica sublingualis caruncula sublingualis frenulum linguae Tongue (lingua, glossa) Papillae linguales: filiformes, fungiformes, foliatae, vallatae (calliculi gustatorii) Radix linguae Corpus linguae Apex linguae Margines linguales Dorsum linguae Facies inferior linguae Facies inferior linguae Plica fimbriata Radix linguae Plicae glossoepiglotticae mediana et laterales Valleculae epiglotticae Tonsilla lingualis Corpus linguae Sulcus medianus, sulcus terminalis Foramen caecum Plica sublingualis (caruncula sublingualis) Frenulum linguae Muscles of the tongue Extraglossal muscles: M. genioglossus M. hyoglossus M. styloglossus M. palatoglossus Intraglossal muscles: M. longitudinalis sup. et inf. M. transversus linguae M. verticalis linguae Aponeurosis et septum linguae GLANDULAE SALIVARIAE GLANDULAE SALIVARIAE MINORES seromucous glandulae labiales glandulae buccales glandulae palatinae glandulae linguales GLANDULAE SALIVARIAE MAJORES glandula parotidea serous glandula submandibularis seromucous glandula sublingualis ant seromucous, post mucouS GLANDULA PAROTIDEA Reg. parotideomasseterica Fossa retromandibularis Fascia parotideomasseterica Plexus parotideus (n.VII) Lobus superficialis et prof. Ductus parotideus Papilla parotidea GLANDULA SUBMANDIBULARIS GLANDULA SUBUNGUALIS Teeth (dentes) Corona dentis Collum dentis Radix dentis (apex radicis dentis) Cavum dentis canalis radicis dentis (foramen apicis dentis) Structure: Email (enamelum dentis) - 98% Ca soils Dentinum - 78% Ca soils Cementum (substantia ossea) §tl Pulpa dentis Heterodont dentition Dentes: incisivi (i, I); canini (c, C); praemolares (P); molares (m, M) Dentes permanentes (32) Dentes decidui (20) M3M2M1I^ C l2 l1 l1 l2C P1 PjM^jMj • • m2 c i2 ij ij i2 c inj m2 M3 M2 Mj P2 Pj C l2 lj lj l2C Pj P2MjM2M3 m2 mj c i2 i1 ij i2 c m2 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75 Teeth atttachments Teeth eruption Deciduous dentition (0.5 to 2-2,5 y.) Permanent dentition (6.-7. to 14.-15. y.) month D- 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19-20 21- 22- 23- 24- 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- year i 2- 3 4 5 6- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15« 16 17 18 19 20 21 22- 23 24 25- 26 27 28 29-30 • • ll h —c— Tll2_j 1 M I ■2 p M P M PHARYNX Basis cranii (fascia pharyngobasilaris) to C6 CHOANAE ^ ISTHMUS FAUCIUM ADITUS LARYNGIS Pars nasalis pharyngis (nasopharynx) Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae (torus tubarius, torus levatorius, tonsilla tubaria) Epitel - multicolumnar cylindrical with cilia Pars oralis pharyngis (oropharynx) Isthmus faucium: Palatum molle Arcus palatoglossus Arcus palatopharyngeus Tonsilla palatina Radix linguae Pars laryngea pharyngis (laryngopharynx) Aditus laryngis: Epiglottis Plica aryepiglottica (tuberculum cuneiforme, corniculatum) Plica (incisura) interarytaenoidea Recessus piriformis (plica nervi laryngei) Waldeyer lymphoepithelial ring Adenoid facies Muscles of the pharynx- constrictores et levatores laryngis constrictores: m. constrictor pharyngis sup. (cranium) m. constrictor pharyngis med. (hyoid) m. constrictor pharyngis inf. (larynx) levatores: m. stylopharyngeus m. palatopharyngeus m. salpingopharyngeus CARTOON OF MUSCLES OF PHARYNX LIKE 4 STACKED CUPS Pharyngobasilar fascia Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor (thyro/crico - pharyngeus) Oesophagus OESOPHAGUS From C6 to Th^ (ostium cardiacum of the stomach) OESOPHAGOGRAPHY VENTRICULUS, GASTER, STOMACHUS VENTRICULUS, GASTER, STOMACHUS Cardia Fundus (fornix) Corpus ventriculi Pars pylorica (pylorus) Paries ant. et post. Curvatura major Curvatura minor Incisura cardiaca Incisura angularis Cavitas venticuli Ostium cardiacum Fornix ventriculi (air bubble) Corpus ventriculi plicae gastricae, sulcus salivarius areae gastricae, gll. gastricae succus gastricus (0.5% HCI) Pars pylorica antrum pyloricum canalis pyloricus ostium pyloricum Position of the stomach Omentum minus lig. hepatoduodenale lig. hepatogastricum Omentum majus lig. gastrocolicum lig. gastrolienale (splenicogastricum) pylorus - right 3-4 cm od 1^ INTESTINUM (TENUE, CRASSUM) small and large intestine From pylorus to ostium ileocaecale in right iliac fossa Parts of intestinum tenue: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum 3-7 m, ansae intestinales (loops) Plicae circulares, villi intestinales Glandulae intestinales (alcaline) Succus entericus Circular and longitudinal musculature Mesenterium, radix mesenterii DUODENUM from pylorus to flexura duodenojejunalis, around L2, lenghts (12 inches, 25-30 cm) Pars superior (ampulla, bulbus duodeni) flexura duodeni sup. Pars descendens pars supramesocolica pars inframesocolica flexura duodeni inf. Pars horizontalis Pars ascendens Flexura duodenojejunalis Pars descendens duodeni - plica longitudinalis duodeni Papilla duodeni major (Vateri) ampulla hepatopancreatica (m. sphincter ampullae hepatopanc ductus choledochus (m. sphicter ductus choledochi) ductus panceaticus major (m. sphincter ductus pancreatici) Papilla duodeni minor ductus pancreaticus accesorius Position of the duodenum Pars superior - intraperitoneal (lig. hepatoduodenale) Other parts - secondarily retroperitoneal^ Desjardin's pacreatic point - papilla duodeni major (6 cm from umbilicus) Jejunum et ileum flexura dudenojejunalis az ostium ileocaecale, 3-5 m localisation Mesenterium Radix mesenterii (15 cm) lenght plicae, villi artery arcads foliculli lymphatici Jejunum Upper left 3/5 more 1-2 Ileum Lower right 2/5 less 2-4 LARGE INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE Plicae semilunares Haustra coli CAECUM Positions of appendix Positio pelvina (ovarium) Positio retrocaecalis Positio ileocaecalis Positio praecaecalis Positio laterocaecalis Monro's line (linea spinoumbilicalis dx.) Positio subcaecalis Mac Burney's point (6cm from SIAS) Linea bispinalis Lanz's point (between lateral and midle 1/3)) RECTUM From sigmoideum (S3) to anus in crena ani Rectum and Anal Canal Sigmoid colon Rectosigmoid junction /Vial columns (of Morgagni) scularis mucosae Circular muscle layer Peritoneal reflection Surgical anal canal Anatomical anal canal /Vial verge Sweat glands and hairs in perianal skin Superior rectal valve ddle rectal valve Inferior rectal valve Intermuscular groove (white line of Hilton) ' External rectal venous plexus in perianal space ^^^^^^^^^^^^^o^njgator^utis^nKTUJScle Longitudinal muscle layer Rectal fascia Levator ani muscle /Vial sinus /Viorectal (pectinate, or dentate) line Internal rectal venous plexus in submucous space Internal sphincter muscle Deep external sphincter muscle Conjoined longitudinal muscle Superficial external sphincter muscle '/Vial valve /Vial crypt /Vial glands ■Transverse fibrous septum Musculus submucosae ani Perianal space Subcutaneous external sphincter muscle Structure of the wall of canalis analis Zona haemorrhoidalis (plexus venosus rectalis) Pecten analis (squamous epithelium) Linea anocutanea (transition) Zona cutanea (skin) M. sphincter ani int. (smooth m.) M. sphincter ani ext. (strtiated m.) Excavatio rectovesical is Excavatio rectouterina Illustrations, photographs, and radiographs were copied from: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993) Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0 "Judging from your X-ray, I'd say you're not digesting your sushi!"