1
Introduction to neuroscience
The regulatory role of nervous
system
Contact
Kamil Ďuriš
Department of Pathological Physiology (A18)
kduris@med.muni.cz
The objetives
Basic understanding of the role and function of
nervous system
Basic understanding of the role and function of
nervous system
The objetives
The objetives
Basic understanding of the role and function of
nervous system
http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/uncyclopedia/images/2/2
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Literature
• Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology
• Guyton - Physiology Review
• Boron - Medical Physiology
https://www.levneucebnice.cz/p/ganong-s-
review-of-medical-physiology-
9781259009624/
https://www.levneucebni
ce.cz/p/guyton-and-hall-
physiology-review/
https://www.levneucebnice.cz/p/medical-
physiology-3rd-ed//
The other sources
• SlideShare
• http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations
The other sources
• SlideShare
• http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations
The other sources
• Neuroscience Online
• http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/toc.htm
The other sources
• MIT - Brain Structure and Its Origins
• http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/brain-and-cognitive-sciences/9-
14-brain-structure-and-its-origins-spring-2014/#
Evolutionary approach
Evolution is not revolution
Evolutionary approach
• Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new
ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new
added
Evolutionary approach
• Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new
ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new
added
• Evolutionary younger structures were associated with new
functions or with the improvement in existing functions
Evolutionary approach
• Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new
ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new
added
• Evolutionary younger structures were associated with new
functions or with the improvement in existing functions
• It is important to ask what is any particular function good for
and how it has been improved in course of evolution
What is nervous system good for?
The role of nervous system
http://edublog.amdsb.ca/
Main points
Unicellular organism
• One cell has to do
everything- lower effectivity
• Total dependence on
environment
• High level of stress
• Short life time
Multicellular organism
• Functional specialization of
particular cells – higher
effectivity
• Inner environment –
homeostasis
• Lower level of stress
• Longer life time
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To maintain homeostatis
– To coordinate bodily functions
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To maintain homeostatis
– To coordinate bodily functions
• Maintaining homeostasis
– The composition of inner environment
– The integrity of organ/ bodily barriers
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To maintain homeostatis
– To coordinate bodily functions
• Maintaining homeostasis
– The composition of inner environment
– The integrity of organ/ bodily barriers
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To receive signals from outer and inner environment
– To process this information
– To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To receive signals from outer and inner environment
– To process this information
– To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli
Input
Integration
Output
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To receive signals from outer and inner environment
– To process this information
– To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli
Input
Integration
Output
REGULATIONREGULATION
• Regulation
– Nervous
– Humoral
The role of nervous system
• Regulation
– Nervous
– Humoral
http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/Hypothalamus.htm
The role of nervous system
Central nervous systém control/influence all
the types of regulations
The role of nervous system
Humoral regulations
• Chemical compounds
• Non-specific channel of
conduction (blood stream)
• Target site defined by specific
receptor
• Low energetical demands
• Slow speed
• Long duration
Nervous regylations
• Neurtransmitters
• Specific channel of conduction
• Target site defined by
infrastructure
• High energetical demands
• Fast speed
• Short duration
http://www.austincc.edu/
Hormonal and nervous regulations
The role of nervous system
• Essentials for survival of multicellular organism
– To receive signals from outer and inner environment
– To process this information
– To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli
Input
Integration
Output
REGULATIONREGULATION
The role of nervous system
Input
Integration
Output
REGULATIONREGULATION
Potential input Potential output
ANTICIPATIONANTICIPATION