The highest functions of nervous system Psychological and social aspects of brain activity II The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html Rationalization • defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means (wikipedia) http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif Awareness / Mindfulness https://stuffthingsandopinions.files.wordpr ess.com/2015/12/15655214702_05c357fe 29_o_d.jpg http://cognitivetherapyonline.com/cbt4panic/ wp-content/uploads/2011/03/past-future.gif „When you are hungry, eat; when you are tired, sleep“ Zen Budhist quote https://whatsinabrain.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/past-present-future.png Awareness / Mindfulness Procrastionation • Putting off an action to later time • It is not a laziness! http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd83 7ef94536423/tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg Procrastionation • Putting off an action to later time • It is not a laziness! http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd83 7ef94536423/tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg Procrastination Risk factors • Intelligence  A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning  Why to do it? • A task is boring  I do not like it • A task is difficult  How to start? • A task is frustrating  I cannot move on… • Bad organization  I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)  It does not bring me anything Risk factors • Intelligence  A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning  Why to do it? • A task is boring  I do not like it • A task is difficult  How to start? • A task is frustrating  I cannot move on… • Bad organization  I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)  It does not bring me anything Risk factors • Intelligence  A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning  Why to do it? • A task is boring  I do not like it • A task is difficult  How to start? • A task is frustrating  I cannot move on… • Bad organization  I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)  It does not bring me anything Risk factors • Intelligence  A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning  Why to do it? • A task is boring  I do not like it • A task is difficult  How to start? • A task is frustrating  I cannot move on… • Bad organization  I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)  It does not bring me anything Risk factors • Intelligence  A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning  Why to do it? • A task is boring  I do not like it • A task is difficult  How to start? • A task is frustrating  I cannot move on… • Bad organization  I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)  It does not bring me anything http://wigan.illarterate.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Emptysupermarket-shelves.jpg https://kristenleoneblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/03/decision-paralysis/ https://11tx7b411ycc3zja3v2vhqz9-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/07/paradox-of-choice.jpg Rozhodovací paralýza Decision paralysis Distraction https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4060/4432737271_0c27eaac05_b.jpg http://elearninginfographics.com/wp-content/uploads/What-type-of-procrastinator-are-you-V2.png Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system http://howtobehappy.guru/wp- content/uploads/2015/08/imag eedit_7_5046245303.jpg Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system http://howtobehappy.guru/wp- content/uploads/2015/08/imag eedit_7_5046245303.jpg Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system http://howtobehappy.guru/wp- content/uploads/2015/08/imag eedit_7_5046245303.jpg Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/ 6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg Procrastination https://www.melvil.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/obalka-konec- prokrastinace.png https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/ 461953668158210048/a018DJGn.jpeg https://procrastination.com/assets/img/the-end-of-procrastination.png Stephen Covey – Quadrant system http://thecontextofthings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/covey-4-quad-1.jpg http://www.bamradionetwork.com/images/easyblog_images/11545/procrastination-infographic-2.png Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/ 6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg http://smartlifeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2015/03/pomodoro-timer.jpg Manipulation • Intentional vs unintentional • Selfmanipulation – Mostly unintentional – Defensive mechanism • Manipulation of others – Mostly intentional – Offensive mechanism To defense myself To obtain some advantage „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg c Manipulation • Intentional vs unintentional • Selfmanipulation – Mostly unintentional – Defensive mechanism • Manipulation of others – Mostly intentional – Offensive mechanism To defense myself To obtain some advantage „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg Manipulation http://dailynewsdig.com/advertising/ Manipulation http://distrayante.blogspot.cz/2014/07/3-publicites-mensongeres-qui-mont-bien.html Manipulation https://s3.amazonaws.com/user- media.venngage.com/9e35bdc2748090dcf73c2 04acd1f6996.jpg http://mannmedia.pbworks.com/f/weasel %20wrods.jpg http://www.diet4india.com/images/image4.gif http://blogs- images.forbes.com/jeffbercovici/fil es/2012/08/dr.-oz-weight-loss- pills.jpg Playing on emotions / feelings of unhappiness - the limbic system Pseudorational (it is believable) – neocortex Manipulation and propaganda https://kristinczerminski.wordpress.com/2013/12/10/photo-manipulation-the-impact-on-society-the-advertising-industry/ Propaganda • Manipulation / propaganda is as old as mankind itself, and sometimes it may seem absurd https://2.bp.blogspot.com/- FXZvktB5BuM/V4r9YwAO9VI/AAAAAAAAKk8/PtlGz94QGXYtA_KpphdeS0aQGzts8vurgCLcB/s1600/The%2BSoviet%2Bflag%2Bover%2Bthe%2BReichstag%2 52C%2B1945.jpg Propaganda • Historical resources have propagandistic character • History is written by winners • Subjective / engaged view vs. pure propaganda http://soren.faculty.arizona.edu/sites/soren.faculty.a rizona.edu/files/newpag10.jpg http://www.colorado.edu/Classics/clas4091/Gra phics/Constarch.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ f0/f7/64/f0f764198b863f9a882439d8a5dbc134.jpg http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CR%5CA% 5CRadziwill%20Chronicle%20page%20for%20year%201176.jpg Propaganda https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg Propaganda https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg Propaganda and propaganda https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880 bd379bd9.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us- propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii- poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp 7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl= https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda- poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A& vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20 propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve t=1&w=640 http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp% 20For%20Norge.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR- aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/German_recr uiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg Propaganda and propaganda https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880 bd379bd9.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us- propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii- poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp 7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl= https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda- poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A& vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20 propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve t=1&w=640 http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp% 20For%20Norge.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR- aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/German_recr uiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg Propaganda and propaganda https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880 bd379bd9.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us- propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii- poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp 7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl= https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda- poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A& vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20 propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve t=1&w=640 http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp% 20For%20Norge.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR- aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/German_recr uiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg Dehumanization • debasement the others' individuality as either an "individual" species or an "individual" object • Animalistic • Mechanistic http://www.secretsofthefed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BAR-CODESX.jpg Mentalization • the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies over behavior  Rationally  Emotionally http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg Society https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem  „unit of cultural information“ http://media.salon.com/201 3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg • Memetic complex  System of values/philosophy/religion Every kind of system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem  „unit of cultural information“ http://media.salon.com/201 3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg • Memetic complex  System of values/philosophy/religion Every kind of system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem  „unit of cultural information“ http://media.salon.com/201 3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg • Memetic complex  System of values/philosophy/religion Every kind of system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) Memetics • Memetic complex has to replicate, otherwise it will become a "dead learning / information” • Memetic complexes compete each other for „substrate“ (human mind) http://cdn2.5wm83b1.maxcdn-edge.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/08/pepsiad2.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_4ryHM8waEOc/S5ZL9uKNi0I/AAAAAAAA A4w/9cYf2Jf7rnc/s400/coke_vs_pepsi.jpg Society https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg Social brainhttp://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/images/G0500_large.jpg http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-1166.jpg „The first sign of civilization was a femur that had been broken and then healed… Helping someone else through difficulty is where civilization starts“ Margaret Mead Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/45/2048x1152/hd- aspect-1446671691-ufo3000.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c3/ 53/40/c353406ec16aa486bdf806581839dcb7.jpg https://space.desktopnexus.com/wa llpaper/598423/  Every phenomenon which cannot be explained rationally is similar to miracle/supernatural phenomenon Even we cannot explain some phenomena we should consider its effect, reproducibility and knowledge transfer possibilities Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients Empathy http://img.candybuzz.net/1/og 12672015062617284011 http://blogscat.com/agricultures/wp- content/uploads/sites/3170/2015/10/Rational-vs-Emotional.jpg Rationality Emotionality