Acute abdominal conditions Z. Rozkydal •Acute abdominal conditions • •Usually acute onset • •Quick progression • •Most of them need surgery •Causes • •1. Inflammation •2. Ileus •3. Bleeding into GI •4. Trauma • •Food poisoning •Strain of muscles • •1. Inflammation •Appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, •peritonitis • •2. Ileus – distension of the intestine •Mechanical simple, obstruction • strangulation • •Neurogenic paralytic • spastic • •Vascular trombosis of GI vessels • •3. Bleeding into GI • •Peptic ulcer, peptic errosions, cancer • • • •4. Trauma of the abdomen • •Blunt or open injury •Abdominal wound • •Bleeding into GI • •Haematemesis – vomiting of blood • •Causes •Stomach errosions, peptic ulcer, •carcinoma of stomach, varices of oesophagus • •Signs •Anemia, hypovolemia •melaena, shock •Bleeding in the stools • •Melaena • •Enterorhagia • •Rectorhagia • •Causes: tumors, colitis ulcerosa, Crohn disease • hemorhoids • •Signs •Anemia, hypovolemia • • Signs Intense pain Nausea and vomiting Obstipation, flatulence Inflation of the abdomen Dehydration, paleness, sweating Fever, tachycardia, flat breathing Muscular spams of the abdominal wall No signs of GI function •First aid • •Rest, warm, nothing to eat or drink •Container for vomiting •Avoid aspiration of stomach content •Positioning •Sterile dressing of the wound •Transport • •Colic pain • •The pain that comes and goes in waves • •Renal colic •Gall bladder colic •Incarcerated abdominal hernia • Renal colic Blockage of urine flow from kidney pelvis most often by urolithiasis - First aid Warm, hot bath, spasmolytics •Gall bladder colic • •Causes •cholecystitis acuta, cholelithiasis •choledocholithiasis • •Signs •Intense pain, nausea, vomiting, shock • •First aid •Positioning, spasmolytics •Transport •. •Incarcerated abdominal hernia • •Signs •Intense pain •Nausea and vomiting •Obstipation, flatulence •Inflation of the abdomen • • •First aid •To minimise the shock •Transport •Abdominal wound • •Stub wound, gunshot, crush injury •Organs or blood vessels can be punctured •lacerted or ruptured •External bleeding •Internal bleeding •Protrusion of abdominal content • •First aid •Cover the area with plastic bag or kitchen film •Cover the wound with sterile dressing •No eat or drink •Positioning, minimise the shock •Transport