Head injuries Z. Rozkydal •Head injury • •Skull fractures • •Brain lesion or damage • •Scalp wounds • •Injury to the spine in the neck •Signs • •History of a severe blow •Increasing drowsiness •Headache, unequal pupil size •Confusion, dizziness •Loss of balance, loss of memory •Difficult speaking, difficult walking •Vomiting, double vision •Seizures •Bleeding, leakage of blood of watery fluid from •the ear or nose •Loss of consciousness •Assesment of level of consciousness • •A Alert, respond to questions • eyes are open • •V Voice, respond to voice, obey commands • •P Pain, respond to pain • •U Unresponsive to any stimulus • FA whiplash •Whiplash injury FA-neck injury 1 FA rescue position •Recovery position FA- log roll position •Log- roll technigue •First aid: • •Free airways •Cold compresses at the site •of injury •Monitor vital signs •CPR •Stabilisation of cervical spine •(Philadelphia collar) • •Sterile dressing of the ear •or nose p- Philadeplphia límec •Philadelphia collar •Brain lesion • •Concussion (commotio cerebri) •Contusion of the brain (contusio cerebri) •Epidural haematoma •Subdural haematoma •Subarachnoideal bleeding •Intracerebral bleeding •Intraventricular bleeding •Concussion (commotio cerebri) • •Temporary loss of consciousness •Nausea, vomiting, retrograde amnesia •Rapid pulse, flat breathing, pale • •Functional lesion of neurons • •Management of concussion • •Admission to the hospital •Sedatives •Prevention of epilepsy (Sanepil) • • •Postconcussion syndrom: • •Headache, vertigo, fatique, desorientation •sleep problem • •Contusion of the brain (contusio cerebri) • •Structural damage of the brain •Unconsciousness two hours or more •Impaired motor function •Impairment of sensation • •Epidural haematoma • •Between the skull and hard tissue • •Artery or vein • • •Symptoms: • •Short period of unconsciousness after head injury • •Free interval (minutes or hours)- minimal problems • •Headache, nausea, vomiting •Coma, seizures •Unequal pupils- mydriasis on the site of bleeding • • • •First aid • •Rescue position •Free airways • • •Management • •Neurosurgery, craniotomy, stop bleeding •Removal of haematoma •Subdural haematoma • •Symptoms: •Unconsciousness immediately •No free interval •Seizures, motor collision •