Skull - neurocranium
LECTURE 4
DENTISTRY, AUTUMN 2017
RNDr. Michaela Račanská, Ph.D.
Neurocranium et splanchnocranium
Frontal view Lateral view
Skull (22)
neurocranium x splanchnocranium
Desmocranium (intramembranous formation)
8
protective case around the brain and the
sense organ
Chondrocranium (endochondral osification)
14
contains the initial portions of the
gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts,
facial skeleton
Neurocranium
(calvarium et basis cranii)
os frontale (frontal bone)
ossa parietalia (parietal bone)
os occipitale (occipital bone)
os sphenoidale (sphenoid)
ossa temporalia (temporal bone)
os ethmoidale (ethmoid)
8
corpus ossis sphenoidalis
alae minores
alae majores
processus pterygoidei
Os sphenoidale (sphenoid)
Ventral wall:
sinus sphenoidalis
septum sinuum sphenoidalium
apertura sinus sphenoidalis
conchae sphenoidales
crista sphenoidalis
rostrum sphenoidale
Corpus ossis sphenoidalis (body)
Corpus ossis sphenoidalis
sella turcica
fossa hypophysialis
dorsum sellae (processus clinoidei posteriores)
sulcus caroticus
lingula sphenoidalis
Corpus ossis sphenoidalis
synostosis sphenooccipitalis - clivus
(synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis)
rostrum sphenoidale
Alae minores ossis sphenoidalis
processus clinoidei anteriores (fissura orbitalis superior)
canalis opticus
sulcus praechiasmaticus
Alae majores ossis sphenoidalis
Facies cerebralis
Facies orbitalis
Facies temporalis (crista infratemporalis)
Facies infratemporalis
Facies maxillaris
Facies cerebralis alae majoris
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Fissura orbitalis superior
Fissura sphenopetrosa
Foramen lacerum (fibrocartilago basilaris)
Facies temporalis at infratemporalis alae majoris
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Spina ossis sphenoidalis
crista infratemporalis
Facies orbitalis alae majoris
fissura orbitalis superior et inferior
Facies maxillaris alae majoris
foramen rotundum
fossa pterygopalatina
Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis
lamina medialis processus pterygoidei (hamulus pterygoideus)
lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei
fossa pterygoidea
fossa scaphoidea
incisura pterygoidea
canalis pterygoideus
Os occipitale
Partes laterales ossis occipitalis
Pars basilaris
Squama occipitalis
Foramen magnum
Pars basilaris ossis occipitalis
synostosis (synchondrosis) sphenooccipitalis
clivus
tuberculum pharyngeum
fissura petrooccipitalis
Partes laterales ossis occipitalis condyli occipitales
canalis hypoglossalis
fossa condylaris
canalis condylaris
processus jugularis
incisura jugularis
protuberantia occipitalis externa
crista occipitalis externa
linea nuchae suprema
linea nuchae superior
linea nuchae inferior
Squama ossis occipitalis (exocranial surface)
protuberantia occipitalis interna
eminentia cruciformis
sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris
sulcus sinus transversi
sulcus sinus sigmoidei
crista occipitalis interna
fossae cerebrales
fossae cerebellares
Squama ossis occipitalis (intracranial surface)
Pars squamosa
Pars petrosa (pyramis)
Pars mastoidea
Pars tympanica
Processus styloideus (pars hyoidea)
Os temporale
processus zygomaticus
linea temporalis inferior
crista supramastoidea
spina suprameatum
fossa mandibularis
tuberculum articulare
sulci arteriosi
juga cerebralia
impressiones gyrorum
Pars squamosa ossis temporalis
AA
Facies anterior (cerebralis) pyramidis
Facies posterior
Facies inferior
Facies ventrobasalis (sensory-hearing organ)
Pars petrosa (pyramis)
AA
foramen lacerum
apex pyramidis
impressio trigemini
canalis musculotubarius
apertura interna canalis carotici
eminentia arcuata
tegmen tympani
hiatus canalis nervi petrosi majoris et minoris
sulcus nervi petrosi majoris et minoris
Facies anterior pyramidis
Facies posterior pyramidis
margo superior - crista pyramidis
sulcus sinus petrosi superioris et inferioris
porus acusticus internus
meatus acusticus internus
fundus meatus acustici interni
(introitus canalis nervi facialis)
fossa subarcuata
apertura externa aquaeductus vestibuli
incisura jugularis (foramen jugulare)
apertura externa canaliculi cochleae
sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Facies inferior pyramidis
Foramen stylomastoideum
apertura externa canalis carotici
fossa jugularis
canaliculus mastoideus
apertura externa canaliculi tympanici
(fossula petrosa)
Processus styloideus
Pars mastoidea ossis temporalis
processus mastoideus
cellulae mastoideae
sulcus sinus sigmoidei
foramen mastoideum
incisura mastoidea
sulcus arteriae occipitalis
Pars tympanica ossis temporalis
porus acusticus externus
meatus acusticus externus
fissura tympanomastoidea
fissura petrotympanica
sulcus tympanicus
incisura tympanica
1. canalis caroticus
2. canaliculi caroticotympanici
3. canalis nervi facialis
4. canalis musculotubarius
5. canaliculus chordae tympani
6. canaliculus tympanicus
7. canaliculus cochleae
8. canaliculus vestibuli
9. canaliculus mastoideus
Canals in temporal bone
1
Canalis caroticus, canaliculi caroticotympanici
Canalis nervi facialis, canaliculus chordae tympani
introitus canalis nervi facialis
foramen stylomastoideum
fissura petrotympanica
1
Canalis musculotubarius
semicanalis musculi tensoris tympani
semicanalis tubae auditivae
apertura interna canaliculi tympanici
Canaliculus tympanicus
apertura externa canaliculi tympanici
Canaliculus cochleae, canaliculus vestibuli
fossa jugularis
fissura tympanomastoidea
(nervus auricularis nervi vagi)
1
Canaliculus mastoideus
Squama ossis frontalis
Partes orbitales
Pars nasalis ossis frontalis
Os frontale
Squama ossis frontalis (facies anterior)
sutura coronalis
tubera frontalia
arcus superciliares
glabella
margo supraorbitalis
incisura frontalis (foramen frontale)
incisura supraorbitalis
processus zygomaticus
linea temporalis superior
Squama ossis frontalis
crista frontalis
sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris
impressiones digitatae/gyrorum
juga cerebralia
foramen caecum
sulci arteriosi
sinus frontalis
septum sinuum frontalium
apertura sinuum frontalium
fossa glandulae lacrimalis
spina (fovea) trochlearis
foramen ethmoidale anterius
foramen ethmoidale posterius
incisura ethmoidalis
Partes orbitales et pars nasalis ossis frontalis
sutura coronalis
sutura sagittalis
sutura lambdoidea
suturae squamosae
Ossa parietalia
Ossa parietalia
tuber parietale
linea temporalis superior
linea temporalis inferior
foramina parietalia
angulus frontalis
angulus sphenoidalis
angulus occipitalis
angulus mastoideus
sulci arteriae meningeae mediae
sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris
foveolae granulares
sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Os ethmoidale
lamina cribrosa
lamina perpendicularis
labyrinthi ethmoidales
Lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis
Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis
Crista galli
Septum nasi osseum
Cellulae ethmoidales
(anteriores, medii, posteriores)
Lamina orbitalis
Foramen ethmoidale anterius
Foramen ethmoidale posterius
Concha nasalis superior et media
Processus uncinatus
Bulla ethmoidalis
Labyrinthi ethmoidales
The pictures used in this lecture were taken from following sources:
•Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban&Schwarzenberg, 1993
•Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
•Naňka, Elišková: Přehled anatomie. Galén, Praha 2009.
•Čihák: Anatomie I, II, III.
•Drake et al: Gray´s Anatomy for Students. 2010
•Own archiv of the lecturer