Questions for final examination dentistry Section A 1. General osteology. 2. Vertebra, differences of the vertebrae. Sacral and coccygeal bones. 3. Skeleton of the thorax. 4. Clavicula, scapula and humerus. 5. Radius and ulna. Hand bones. 6. Hip bone, femur, patella. 7. Tibia and fibula. Foot bones. 8. Parietal and frontal bone. 9. Occipital bone. 10. Sphenoidal bone. 11 Temporal bone. 12. Channels in the temporal bone and their importance. 13. Ethmoidal bone. 14. Maxilla. 15. Mandibula. 16. Splanchnocranial bones excluding maxilla and mandibula. 17. Joints excluding articulationes. 18. Synovial joint – general building. Classification of synovial joints. 19. Joints of the vertebral column, shape and movements of the spine. Craniovertebral joints. 20. Temporomandibular joint. 21. Shape and movements of the thorax. Joints of the thorax. 22. Glenohumeral joint. 23. Elbow joint. Radioulnar joints. 24. Wrist joint. Joints of the hand. Carpal tunnel. 25. Hip joint (articulatio coxae). 26. Knee joint. 27. Joints of the foot. Arches of the foot. 28. General description of muscles – structure, types, auxilliary structures. 29. Spinohumeral and spinocostal muscles. Intrinsic back muscles. 30. Suboccipital muscles. 31. Abdominal muscles. Rectus sheath. Inguinal canal. 32. Thoracic muscles. 33. Diaphragm. 34. Platysma. Sternocleidomastoid muscle. Prevertebral and scaleni muscles. 35. Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. 36. Masticatory muscles. 37. Muscles of facial expression. 38. Muscles of the shoulder girdle. 39. Muscles of the arm. 40. Muscles of forearm. 41. Muscles of the hand. 42. Hip muscles. 43. Femoral muscles. 44. Crural muscles. 45. Muscles of the foot. Section B 1. Frontal teeth (types, description). 2. Distal teeth (types, description). 3. Dentition, eruption. 4. Tongue. 5. Hard and soft palate; isthmus faucium. 6. Tonsils, the tonsillar (Waldeyer’s) ring. 7. Salivary glands. 8. Pharynx. 9. Oesophagus and stomach. 10. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). 11. Caecum, appendix and its positions. 12. Large intestine. Rectum. 13. Liver. Gallbladder (vesica biliaris). Biliary ducts. 14. Pancreas and spleen. 15. Peritoneum and its folds. Peritoneal recesses. 16. External nose. Nasal cavity. Paranasal sinuses. 17. Larynx. 18. Laryngeal muscles. 19. Cavity of the larynx. Laryngoscopic view. 20. Lungs. Visceral and parietal pleura. 21. Kidneys. 22. Renal calices, pelvis and ureter. 23. Urinary bladder. Female urethra. 24. Male genital system. Male urethra. 25. Internal female genital organs. 26. External female genital organs. 27. Pelvic diaphragm. 28. Heart, surface anatomy. 29. Right atrium and ventricle. 30. Left atrium and ventricle. 31. Myocardium and conductive system. Endocardium and heart skeleton. Pericardium. 32. Arteries and veins of the heart. 33. Aorta. Pulmonary vessels. 34. Common and external carotid artery. (A. carotis communis, a. carotis ext.). 35. Subclavian artery (A. subclavia). 36. Arteries of the upper limb. 37. Thoracica aorta. 38. Abdominal aorta, paired branches. 39. Abdominal aorta, single branches. 40. Common and internal iliac arteries.(A. iliaca comm., a. iliaca int.). 41. Arteries of the lower limb. 42. Internal jugular vein and its tributaries. 43. Superior vena cava. Subclavian vein. 44. Veins of the upper limb. 45. Inferior vena cava. 46. Veins of the lower limb. 47. Portal vein. Portocaval (portosystemic) anastomoses. 48. Structure of the lymphatic system, thoracic duct, right lymphatic trunk. 49. Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the head and neck. 50. Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the upper limb and thorax. 51. Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the abdomen, pelvis and lower limb. 52. Thyriod and parathyroid glands. Thymus. Suprarenal gland. Section C 1. Spinal nerve. Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves. 2. Cervical plexus. 3. Brachial plexus. 4. Lumbar plexus. 5. Sacral plexus. 6. Cranial nerves CNIII, IV, VI. 7. Ophtalmic nerve. 8. Maxillary nerve. 9. Mandibular nerve. 10. Facial nerve (CN VII). 11. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). 12. Vagus nerve (CN X). 13. Accessory and hypoglossal nerves (CN XI, XII). 14. Construction of the autonomic (vegetative) nervous system. 15. Cervical portion of the sympathetic system. 16. Thoracic portion of the sympathetic system (innervation of the heart). 17. Abdominal and pelvic portion of the sympathetic system. 18. Mesencephalic part of the parasympathetic system (ciliary ganglion). 19. Bulbar part of the parasympathetic system ( pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia). 20. Bulbar part of the parasympathetic system (otic ganglion). 21. Sacral part of the parasympathetic system. 22. Development of the central nervous system. 23. Spinal cord (gross anatomy and structure). 24. The 4th ventricle including the rhomboid fossa. Survey of distribution of the cranial nerve nuclei. 25. Medulla oblongata (gross anatomy and structure). 26. Pons (gross anatomy and structure). 27. Midbrain (gross anatomy and structure). 28. Cerebellum (gross anatomy and structure). 29. Diencephalon (gross anatomy, nuclei of the thalamus). 30. Hypothalamus and its nuclei. 31. Reticular formation, limbic forebrain. 32. Division of the telencephalon, gross anatomy of the hemispheres. 33. Cerebral cortex. Basal ganglia. 34. White matter of the telencephalon. Association and projection pathways. 35. Projection pathways (internal capsule of the cerebrum, crus cerebri). 36. Ventricles of the central nervous system and the cerebrospinal fluid. 37. Meninges. 38. Blood supply of the central nervous system. 39. Organs of smell and taste. 40. Layers of the eyeball (the fibrous, vascular and internal tunic of the eye). 41. Eyeball and its contents (lens, corpus vitreum, camerae bulbi, humor aquosus). 42. Extraocular muscles, eyelids, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus. 43. External ear and tympanic membrane. 44. Tympanic cavity. 45. Internal ear. 46. General anatomy of the skin. 47. Epidermis and its derivates. 48. Glands of the skin, mammary gland. Section D 1. Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal regions. 2. Skull base. 3. Infratemporal region. 4. Pterygopalatine fossa. 5. Orbital region and cavity. 6. Nasal region and cavity. 7. Oral region (vestibule and oral cavity). 8. Palatine region. 9. Mouth floor. Sublingual region. 10. Parotideomasseteric region. 11. Regions of the neck. Sternocleidomastoid region. 12. Submandibular and submental regions. 13. Carotid triangle. 14. Omotracheal (muscular) triangle (tracheotomy). 15. Lateral cervical regions. 16. Scalenovertebral triangle. 17. Regions of the thorax, lines for orientation. Thoracic wall. 18. Outline of the pleura, lung, heart. Auscultation of the valves. 19. Mediastinum. 20. Regions of the abdomen, lines for orientation. Projection of organs onto the abdominal wall. 21. Abdominal wall, reduced areas, herniae. 22. Peritoneal cavity. 23. Retroperitoneal space. 24. Topography of the male pelvis. 25. Topography of the female pelvis. 26. Regions of the upper limb. 27. Axillary region. 28. Regions of the lower limb. 29. Femoral trriangle, popliteal fossa.