•Skeleton of the upper extremity



SKELETON OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
I. Upper extremity girdle bones (cingulum)
  clavicle– clavicula
  shoulder blade – scapula
II. Bones of free upper extremity (extremitas libera)
  arm bone– humerus
  radial bone– radius
  ulna– ulna
  carpal bones– ossa carpi
  metacarpal bones– ossa metacarpi
  phalanges– ossa digitorum manus

clavicle– clavicula
•Long bone
•bone which ossified earliest
•body is S-shaped
•cranial surface- smooth
•Caudal surface- rough
•Extremitas sternalis
•(facies articularis sternalis)
•Extremitas acromialis
•(facies articularis acromialis)

•extremitas sternalis (facies articularis sternalis)
• impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis
• sulcus subclavius
•extremitas acromialis (facies articularis acromialis)
• tuberositas coracoidea (tuberculum conoideum et linea trapezoidea)

•clavicle



Shoulder blade – scapula
•In height of 2nd to 7th rib
•margo superior
•(incisura scapulae, processus coracoideus)
•margo medialis
•margo lateralis
•(cavitas glenoidalis, tuberculum supraglenoidale, tuberculum infraglenoidale, collum scapulae)
•angulus: superior, inferior, lateralis

•facies dorsalis
•-spina scapulae – protrudes
•laterally as acromion with facies
•articularis acromii
•-fossa supraspinata
•-fossa infraspinata
•
•
•
•
•facies costalis
•-fossa subscapularis
•(lineae musculares)
•
•

Arm bone– humerus
•Proximal end (caput):
•caput humeri
•collum anatomicum
•tuberculum majus et minus
•crista tuberculi majoris et minoris
•sulcus intertubercularis
•collum chirurgicum
•
•
•
•
•
•
•Corpus:
•tuberositas deltoidea
•sulcus nervi radialis

•Distal end (condylus):
•epicondylus medialis (sulcus n. ulnaris)
•epicondylus lateralis
•trochlea humeri (fossa coronoidea)
•capitulum humeri (fossa radialis)
•fossa olecrani

Radial bone – radius
•Proximal end:
•caput radii
•(fovea capitis radii,
•circumferentia articularis)
•collum radii
•corpus:
• tuberositas radii
• margo interosseus
•Distal end:
•processus styloideus radii
•facies articularis carpea radii
•incisura ulnaris radii
•sulci tendinum musculorum extensorum

ulna – ulna
•Proximal end:
•olecranon ulnae
•incisura trochlearis
•processus coronoideus
•tuberositas ulnae
•incisura radialis ulnae
•crista musculi supinatoris
•
•corpus:
•margo interosseus
•margo posterior
•
•Distal end:
•caput ulnae
•circumferentia articularis
•processus styloideus ulnae

Hand bones– Ossa manus
Carpal bones– ossa carpi
Metacarpal bones– ossa metacarpi
Phalanges– ossa digitorum manus (phalanges)

•Carpal bones– ossa carpi (8)
•Proximal row (from thumb):
•Scaphoid bone– os scaphoideum
•(tuberculum ossis scaphoidei)
•Lunate bone– os lunatum
•Triquetral none– os triquetrum
•Pisiform bone– os pisiforme
•
•
•
•Distal row (from thumb):
•trapezium– os trapezium
•(tuberculum ossis trapezii)
•trapezoideum– os trapezoideum
•capitate– os capitatum
•(caput ossis capitati)
•hamate– os hamatum
•(hamulus ossis hamati)

•
•
•The bones are arranged in that way, they form an arch which is convex dorsally = sulcus carpi,
bounded by eminentia carpi radialis et ulnaris
•
•
•
•
•

•Ossification of carpal bones



•ossa metacarpi I. – V. (from thumb)
•
•basis
•corpus
•caput
•
•The 3rd metacarpal bone has processus styloideus
•Metacarpal bones– ossa metacarpi

•Phalanges
•2nd– 5th finger: phalanx proximalis, media et distalis
•thumb: phalanx proximalis et distalis
•
•basis
•corpus
•caput (trochlea)
•
•On the distal phalanx
•tuberositas phalangis
•distalis
•phalanges– ossa digitorum manus

Ossa sesamoidea manus
•within metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb: lateral and medial ones
•
•They develope in muscle insertions and tendons (they protect the joint)
•
•os pisiforme

Thank you for your attention.