PARTS OF SPEECH LATIN ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
NOUNS
= names of anatomical
structures, diseases,
malfunctions, injuries,
qualities, etc.
FEMUR, oris, n.
MUSCULUS, i, m.
SCAPULA, ae, f.
TUBERCULUM, i, n.
INCISURA, ae, f.
COMMOTIO, onis, f.
FRACTURA, ae, f.
ENCEPHALITIS,itidis, f.
CAECITAS, itatis, f.
SUSPICIO, onis, f. etc.
thigh bone
muscle
shoulder blade
tubercle
notch
concussion
fracture
inflammation of brain membranes
blindness
suspicion etc.
1) NUMBER:
One (Singular) or more (Plural)? Sg./Pl.
2) GENDER:
male (masculinum) m.
female (femininum) f.
neutral (neutrum) n.
3) CASE: expresses function in the sentence
a) 1. Nominative (1st
dictionary form) = subject
b) 2. Genitive (2nd
dictionary form) = possessive (=“of“)
c) 4. Accusative – after certain prepositions
d) 6. Ablative – after certain prepositions
*cases No. 3 (Dative) and 5 (Vocative) are not used in medical terminology;
therefore, they are omitted from the list
!!!RULE!!! Adjectives always share the number, gender, and case of the nouns
they describe!
ADJECTIVES
= describing words;
define nouns and their
qualities
fractus, a, um
acutus, a, um
suspectus, a, um
latus a, um
scapularis, e
proximalis, e
increscens, ntis
multiplex, icis
broken
acute
suspected
wide
scapular (related to shoulder blade)
proximal
growing
multiple
PREPOSITIONS
= words expressing
spacial or temporal
relations, or relations
between nouns
connected with Accusative case connected with Ablative case
in
sub
post
ante
circum
contra
ad
intra
inter
prope
secundum
propter
(= into; expressing direction towards)
(= put under; expressing direction)
(= after)
(= before)
(= around)
(= against)
(= towards)
(= during)
(= between)
(= near)
(= according to)
(= because of, due to) *when speaking of medical
interventions caused by pathologies (e.g. ablatio mammae
propter tumorem = breast removal because of a tumour)
in
sub
cum
sine
de
pro
ab
ex
(= in, inside; expressing location inside)
(= located under; expressing location)
(= with)
(= without)
(= out of; downwards)
(= for)
(= away from)
a. (= out of; from within)
b. (= because of, due to) *when speaking of pathological states
caused by another pathological state (e.g. abortus spontaneus e
graviditate extrauterina = spontaneous abortion due to extrauterine
pregnancy)