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Cardiovascular system
HEART (COR)
VESSELS (VASA)
BLOOD (SANGUIS)
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM COMPOSITION
SYSTEMIC BLOOD CIRCULATION
PULMONAR BLOOD CURCULATION
PORTALBLOOD CIRCULATION
COR (HEART)
2/3 left, 1/3 right270-320 g
HEART DIVISION
Septum cordis (interatriale, interventriculare)
Septum atrioventriculare dx., sin.
Ostium atrioventriculare dx., sin.
Valva tricuspidalis
Valva bicuspidalis
Atrium dx. et sin.
Ventriculus dx. et sin.
Vena cava sup. et inf.
Truncus pulmonalis
Vv. pulmonales
Aorta
SURFACE OF HEART
Basis cordis
Apex cordis
Facies sternocostalis (ant.)
Facies diaphragmatica (post.)
Margo acutus (dexter)
Margo obtusus (sinister)
= facies pulmonalis
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Sulcus coronarius
Sulcus interventricularis ant.
Sulcus interventricularis post.
Auricula dextra et sinistra
Incisura apicis cordis
Ostium v. cavae sup.
Ostium v. cavae inf.
(valvula v. cavae inf.)
Ostium sinus coronarii
(valvula sinus coronarii)
Torus intervenosus
Crista terminalis
(sinus venarum cavarum,
auricula dextra, mm. pectinati)
Septum interatriale
(fossa ovalis)
Valva tricuspidalis
RIGHT ATRIUM
Septum atrioventriculare dx.
(ostium atrioventriculare dx.,
valva tricuspidalis)
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Pars trabecularis
Pars glabra
Crista supraventricularis
Ostium atrioventriculare dextrum
Valva tricuspidalis
Trabecula septomarginalis
Musculi papillares
RIGHT VENTRICLE Pars glabra (conus arteriosus)
Ostium trunci pulmonalis
Valva trunci pulmonalis
Auricula sinistra (musculi pectinati)
Ostia venarum pulmonalium
Septum interatriale
(fossa ovalis)
Ostium atrioventriculare sin.
(valva bicuspidalis)
LEFT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE
Ostium atrioventriculare sin.
Valva bicuspidalis - mitralis
M. papillaris ant. et post.
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Ostium aortae
Valva aortae (bulbus aortae)
Sinus aortae dx.
(a. coronaria cordis dx.)
Sinus aortae sin.
(a. coronaria cordis sin.)
LEFT VENTRICLE
MORPHOLOGY OF HEART WALL
ENDOCARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM (muscular layer, conductive systém of heart)
EPICARDIUM (pericardium serosum - lamina visceralis )
PERICARDIUM (fibrosum et serosum – lamina parietalis)
ENDOCARDIUM Wider in the atria
Wider in left portion of the heart
Background of valves
SYSTOLE
DIASTOLE
Heart valves MYOCARDIUM OF THE ATRIA
fasciculus interauricularis
horizontalis
fasciculus interauricularis
verticalis
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MYOCARDIUM OF THE VENTRICLES
vortex cordis
Superficial layer of myocardium
Middle layer of myocardium
Deep layer of myocardium
Trabeculae carnae
Mm. papillares
Intercalar discs
CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE HEART
crus dextrum
Purkyně´s fibres
Cardiostimulator instalation
v. cephalica
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PERICARDIUM
Pericardium fibrosum
Pericardium serosum
lamina parietalis
lamina visceralis (epicardium)
Epicardium
Subepicardial fibrotic tissue
PERICARDIUM
Cavum pericardii
Liquor pericardii
Coronary arteries
Arteria coronaria cordis dextra
r. coni arteriosi
r. nodi sinuatrialis
r. nodi
atrioventricularis
rr. atriales dx.
rr. ventriculares dx.
r. marginalis dx.
r. interventricularis
post.
Arteria coronaria cordis sinistra
r. interventricularis ant.
r. circumflexus
facies sternocostalis
facies diaphragmatica
a. coronaria cordis sin. a. coronaria cordis dx.
■ 40%
vv. cordis ant.
vv. cordis minimae
■ 60%
sinus coronarius
v. cordis magna
v. cordis media
v. cordis parva
v. obliqua atrii sin.
v. post. ventriculi sin.
VENAE CORDIS
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Plexus cardiacus spf.
(ganglion cardiacum)
Plexus cardiacus prof.
Plexus coronarius dx. et sin.
Nn. accelerantes
(sympaticus, nn. cardiaci)
Nn. retardantes
(parasympaticus, rr. cardiaci
n. vagi)
Innervation of the heart AUSCULTATION POINTS
valva aortae
valva tricuspidalis
valva trunci pulmonalis
valva bicuspidalis
1. V. brachiocephalica dx.
2. V. cava sup.
3. Atrium dx.
4. V. cava inf.
5. Arcus aortae
6. Truncus pulmonalis
7. Auricula sin.
8. Ventriculus sin.
NATIVE X-RAY OF THE CHEST
Arteriae
(terminales, collaterales)
Arteriolae
Vasa capillaria (7-15 µm)
Venulae
Venae
Anastomoses
Vasa (vessels)
ARTERY VEIN
tunica intima
(endotel, elastin)
tunica media
(muscular)
tunica externa
(adventicia)
vasa vasorum
MORPHOLOGY OF THE WALL
valvulae
venosae
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Jan Janský: 1873-1921. r. 1907 – aglutination of erythrocytes
Karl Landsteiner : (Wien) r. 1901 - A,B,O.
Alfr. Decastello, Adriano Sturli : r.1902 - AB
TRUNCUS PULMONALIS
arteria pulmonalis dx. et sin. (angle 1800)
vv. pulmonales dextrae et sinistrae (sup. et inf.)
lig. arteriosum (ductus arteriosus)
AORTA
L4 (bifurcatio aortae)
AORTA ASCENDENS
ARCUS AORTAE
AORTA DESCENDENS
Aorta thoracica
Aorta abdominalis
Th3
2. art. sternocostalis dx. AORTA ASCENDENS Arteria coronaria cordis dx. et sin.
Bulbus aortae
ARCUS AORTAE
truncus brachiocephalicus (art. sternoclavicularis dx.)
arteria carotis communis sin.
arteria subclavia sin.
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AORTA THORACICA
Th3
Th11-12
AORTA ABDOMINALIS
Th11-12 diaphragm
L4 bifurcatio aortae
A. CAROTIS COMMUNIS
A. carotis interna et externa
Trigonum caroticum
Glomus caroticum (chemoreceptor)
C4
ARTERIA CAROTIS EXTERNA
Ventral branches:
a. thyroidea sup.
a. lingualis
a. facialis
Dorsal branches:
a. occipitalis
a. auricularis post.
Medial branches:
a. pharyngea asc.
Lateral branches:
a. sternocleidomastoidea
Terminal branches:
a. maxillaris
a. temporalis spf.
ARTERIA FACIALIS
a. palatina ascendens, r. tonsillaris
a. submentalis, rr. glandulares
a. labialis sup. et inf.
(circulus arteriosus oris)
a. alaris nasi
a. angularis
ARTERIA OCCIPITALIS rr. musculares (r. sternocleidom.)
r. auricularis
r. mastoideus
rr. occipitales
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rr. parotidei
a. transversa faciei
rr. auriculares ant.
a. zygomaticoorbitalis
a. temporalis media
r. frontalis
r. parietalis
ARTERIA TEMPORALIS SUPERFICIALIS A. MAXILLARIS Pars mandibularis
a. meningea media
a. alveolaris inf.
r. mylohyoideus
rr. dentales
rr. gingivales
a. mentalis
a. auricularis prof.
a. tympanica ant.
pars mandibularis
pars pterygoidea
pars pterygopalatina
A. MAXILLARIS
Pars pterygoidea
a. masseterica
aa. temporales prof.
rr. pterygoidei
a. bucalis
a. infraorbitalis
a. alveolaris sup. post.
a. palatina descendens
a. canalis pterygoidei
a. sphenopalatina
A. MAXILLARIS - pars pterygopalatina
Fissura scalenorum
Pars intrascalenica (med.)
Pars interscalenica (post.)
Pars extrascalenica (lat.)
ARTERIA SUBCLAVIA
Sulcus a. subclaviae
cupula pleurae
costa prima
Pars intrascalenica:
a. vertebralis
a. thoracica interna
tr. thyreocervicalis
Pars interscalenica:
tr. costocervicalis
Pars extrascalenica:
a. transversa colli
ARTERIA SUBCLAVIA
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rr. spinales
rr. musculares
a. basilaris
aa. cerebri post.
ARTERIA VERTEBRALIS
a. musculophrenica
a. epigastrica sup.
aa. intercostales ant.
(rr. perforantes, rr. mammarii)
a. pericardiacophrenica
rr. mediastinales
(aa. thymicae, rr. bronchiales,
rr. sternales)
ARTERIA THORACICA INTERNA
A. pericardiacophrenica
a. thyroidea inf.
a. cervicalis ascendens
a. cervicalis spf.
a. suprascapularis
TRUNCUS THYREOCERVICALIS
ARTERIA TRANSVERSA COLLI
r. ascendens (superficialis)
r. descendens (profundus)
= a. dorsalis scapulae
a. axillaris
a. brachialis
a. radialis
a. ulnaris
ARTERIES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
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rr. subscapulares
a. thoracica suprema
a. thoracoacromialis
a. thoracica lateralis
a. subscapularis
a. thoracodorsalis
a. circumflexa scapulae
a. circumflexa humeri ant.
a. circumflexa humeri post.
ARTERIA AXILLARIS ARTERIA AXILLARIS
A. CIRCUMFLEXA SCAPULAE
foramen omotricipitale
m. teres minor
m. teres major
caput longum m. tricipitis brachii
A. CIRCUMFLEXA HUMERI POST.
foramen humerotricipitale
m. teres minor
m. teres major
caput longum m. tricipitis brachii
humerus
ARTERIA AXILLARIS
a. profunda brachii
a. collateralis radialis
a. collateralis media
a. collateralis ulnaris sup.
a. collateralis ulnaris inf.
a. radialis
a. ulnaris
ARTERIA BRACHIALIS
A. RADIALIS
a. recurrens radialis
(rete articulare cubiti)
rr. musculares
r. carpeus palmaris
r. palmaris superficialis
(arcus palmaris spf.)
a. metacarpea dorsalis I
r. carpeus dorsalis
rete carpi dorsale
(3 aa. metacarpeae dorsales,
aa. digitales dorsales)
A. RADIALIS
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A. RADIALIS
a. princeps policis
r. palmaris profundus
(arcus palmaris prof.)
A. ULNARIS
a. recurrens ulnaris
(rete articulare cubiti)
rr. musculares
a. interossea communis
a. interossea ant.
a. interossea post.
(a. reccurens interossea)
A. ULNARIS
r. carpeus palmaris
(rete carpi palmare)
r. carpeus dorsalis
(rete carpi dorsale)
r. palmaris prof.
(arcus palmaris prof.)
r. palmaris spf.
(arcus palmaris spf.)
3 aa. digitales palmares communes
2 aa. dig. palmares propriae
a. palmaris digiti quinti ulnaris
ARCUS PALMARIS SUPERFICIALIS:
ARCUS PALMARIS PROFUNDUS:
aa. metacarpeae palmares
rr. perforantes
Parietal branches
aa. intercostales post. (VAN)
r. dorsalis
rr. musculares
r. collateralis
r. cutaneus lat.
(rr. mammarii lat.)
a. subcostalis
a. phrenica sup.
Visceral branches:
rr. bronchiales
rr. oesophagei
rr. pericardiaci
AORTA THORACICA R. dorsalis a. intercostalis post. :
rr. musculares
r. spinalis
rr. cutanei med. et lat.