INFORMATIONS FOR THE DISSECTION WEEK
10.12.- 14.12.2018 (+ exam Monday 17.12., Tuesday 18.12. according to the uploaded terms )
You will be divided in groups according to the schedule and you will attend it in following times (one
term of them) according to the groups you belongs.
8.00-12.00 a.m. groups 28,29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
1.00-5.00 p.m. groups 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
Breaks: 9.45-10.15 a.m.
2,45-3,15 p.m.
Please do not go outside of the department with the labcoats and coverings of the shoes on
you!!!!!
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Describe all components (bones, joints, muscles, vessels and nerves) of the upper and lower limb
and back
2. Relate features of limb and back with respect to adjacent structures
3. Review arrangement of layers from the superficial to deep ones in all regions of the upper and
lower limbs and back
4. Create the anatomical prosection of some studied region using specified dissecting procedures
5. Distinguish abnormalities of the prosections.
What you can study from? What you will need to prepare.
Recommended literature: DUBOVÝ, Petr. Instructions for anatomical dissection course. Masarykova
univerzita,Brno. ISBN: 978-80-210-4229-2.
Atlas of anatomy : Latin nomenclature. Edited by Anne M. Gilroy - Brian R. MacPherson - Lawrence
M. Ross - Michael Schu. New York: Thieme Medical, 2009. xv, 656 p. ISBN 978-1-60406-099-7. (or any
other atlas you have)
DRAKE, Richard L. Gray´s anatomy for students. ISBN 9780443069529.
Additional source of study: Stingl, J., Grim, M., Druga, R. : Regional anatomy, Galén, ISBN 978-80-
7262879-7.)
Preliminary dissection schedule:
1st day:
Back - skin incisions, subcutis - nerves, vessels;
Upper limb - dissection of the deltoid and scapular regions, skin incisions in the arm;
Lower limb - dissection of the gluteal region
2nd day:
Back - dissection of the trapezius, latissimus dorsi;
Upper limb - completion of the dissection of the arm;
Lower limb - dissection of the anterior femoral region
3rd day:
Back - dissection of the rhomboids, levator scapulae, erector spinae, splenius, semispinalis, serrati
Upper limb - dissection of the forearm - skin, subcutis, superficial muscles;
Lower limb - dissection of the posterior femoral and crural regions
4th day:
Upper limb - completion of the dissection of the forearm, palm, dorsum of the hand;
Lower limb - completion of the dissection of the crus, dorsum of foot, sole
Back - dissection of the deep nuchal muscles, suboccipital trigone, multifidi;
5th day: completition of dissection of all regions, study on the material
Completion of the course is assessed by the course-unit credit. A precondition for obtaining the
course-unit credit is 100% attendance and demonstration of the basic knowledge during an
examination at the close of the dissection course. The results of the examination will be included in
the results of the practical part of the final examination in Anatomy. A minimum of 6 out of 10
possible points (grade E) in the examination at the end of the course is required for fulfillment.
For unsuccessful students a resit date will be offered (involved in the final exam date).
WHAT YOU WILL NEED?
Lab coat
Plastic shoe covers
Forceps 14,5 or 16 cm long (anatomical, without hooks)
Scalpel handle No.4
Scalpel blades no. 23 or 21
Books: DUBOVÝ, Petr. Instructions for anatomical dissection course. Masarykova univerzita,Brno.
ISBN: 978-80-210-4229-2. (each working group will have it)
Atlas KNOWLEDGES!!!!
STUDY FOR THE FIRST DISSECTION
Learn the muscles (back, upper and lower limb)! (origin, insertion, function, innervation, groups)
Knowledge of the nerves (plexus brachialis, sacralis, partly lumbalis), vessels and topography of the
limbs is obvious! You should be able to identify the main structures on the specimen and to explain
(description, borders, content, layers) following terms and regions:
REGIONAL ANATOMY OF THE LIMBS
UPPER LIMB
REGIO SCAPULARIS
Borders
Layers
content
Fossa supraspinata, infraspinata
Passage of the nerves and vessels around the lig. scapulae
anastomosis of a. suprascapularis and a. circumflexa scapulae
REGIO INFRACLAVICULARIS
Borders
Layers
content
trigonum deltoideopectorale (sulcus deltoideopectoralis, fossa deltoideopectorale Mohrenheimi)
REGIO DELTOIDEA
Borders
Layers
content
subcutaneous: nn. supraclaviculares; n. cutaneus brachii lat. sup. Subcutaneous veins
Fascia deltoidea
M. deltoideus. Vasa circumflexa humeri post. N. axillaris
Foramen humerotricipitale
REGIO AXILLARIS
Borders
Layers
content
Foramen humerotricipitale (content - vasa circumflexa humeri post., n. axillaris, borders) x foramen
omotricipitale (content – a. circumflexa scapulae, borders)
ROTATOR CUFF
REGIO BRACHII
Regio brachii ant.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus brachii lat. inf.; n. cutaneus brachii med. V. cephalica et v. basilica Fascia
brachii (sulcus bicipitalis medialis et lateralis)
M. biceps brachii; m. brachialis; m. coracobrachialis.
Vasa brachialia.
N. musculocutaneus; n. ulnaris; n. medianus; n. cutaneus antebrachii med.
Regio brachii post.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus brachii post.
v. cephalica et v. basilica
Fascia brachii
M. triceps. Vasa profunda brachii. N. radialis
REGIO CUBITI ET ANTEBRACHII
Regio cubiti et antebrachii ant.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus antebrachii med.; n. cutaneus antebrachii lat. V. cephalica et v. basilica.
Nll. cubitales superficiales
Fascia antebrachii
Retinaculum flexorum, canalis carpi
Anterior group of muscles: m. pronator teres; m. flexor carpi radialis et ulnaris; m. palmaris longus;
m. flexor digitorum superficialis; m. flexor digitorum profundus; m. flexor pollicis longus; m. pronator
quadratus. Lateral group of muscles: m. brachioradialis; m. extensor carpi radialis longus et brevis; m.
supinator.
Vasa ulnaria; vasa radialia; vasa interossea ant. N. ulnaris; n. radialis; n. medianus (n. interosseus
ant.). Nll. cubitales prof.
Regio cubiti et antebrachii post.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus antebrachii post. Tributaries of v. cephalica et v. basilica
Fascia antebrachii
Retinaculum extensorum
M. extensor digitorum; m. extensor digiti minimi; m. extensor carpi ulnaris; m. abductor pollicis
longus; m. extensor pollicis longus et brevis; m. extensor indicis.
Vasa interossea post. N. ulnaris; n. radialis (n. interosseus post.)
REGIO MANUS
Dorsum manus
borders
subcutaneous: nn. digitales dorsales communes (n. radialis, n. ulnaris). Tributaries of v. cephalica et
v. basilica
Fascia dorsalis manus superficialis
Rete digitale dorsale. Tendons of extensors
Fascia dorsalis manus prof.
Mm. interossei dorsales
Palma manus
borders
subcutaneous: nn. digitales palmares (n. medianus, n. ulnaris). Arcus palmaris superficialis
Fascia palmaris manus superficialis (aponeurosis palmaris)
Muscles of the thenar: m. abductor pollicis brevis; m. flexor pollicis brevis; m. opponens pollicis; m.
adductor pollicis.
Muscles of the hypothenar: m. abductor digiti minimi; m. flexor digiti minimi brevis; m. opponens
digiti minimi.
Tendons of long flexors of the fingers
Arcus palmaris profundus. N. ulnaris (r. profundus)
Fascia palmaris manus prof.
Mm. interossei palmares
Foveola radialis (anatomical snuff box)
DIGITI
Borders
Layers
content
LOWER LIMB
REGIO GLUTEA
borders
subcutaneous: nn. clunium sup., medii et inf. Subcutaneous veins
Fascia glutea
M. gluteus maximus, medius et minimus; m. piriformis; m. obturatorius internus; mm. gemelli; m.
quadratus femoris.
Vasa glutea sup. et inf.; vasa pudenda interna. Nn. glutei sup. et inf.; n. ischiadicus; n. cutaneus
femoris post.; n. pudendus
Foramen suprapiriforme et infrapiriforme
REGIO FEMORIS
Regio femoris anterior
Borders
subcutaneous: nn. cutanei femoris ant.; rr. cutanei z n. obturatorius; n. saphenus. V. saphena magna
(v. saphena accessoria). Nll. femorales superficiales
Fascia lata (hiatus saphenus)
Anterior group of muscles: m. sartorius; m. quadriceps femoris.
Medial group of muscles: m. gracilis; m. adductor longus, magnus, brevis; m. pectineus.
Vasa femoralia (vasa profunda femoris, vasa circumflexa femoris med. et lat.); vasa obturatoria.
N. femoralis; n. obturatorius. Nll. femorales prof.
Trigonum femorale, fossa iliopectinea
Canalis adductorius, hiatus adductorius
R. femoris posterior
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus femoris post. Tributaries of v. saphena magna, v. femoropoplitea
Fascia lata
M. semimembranosus; m. semitendinosus; m. biceps femoris.
Vasa profunda femoris (rr. perforantes). N. ischiadicus
REGIO GENUS POST. (FOSSA POPLITEA)
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus femoris post. N. suralis. V. saphena parva. Nll. poplitei superficiales
Fascia lata
M. popliteus; m. plantaris. Vasa poplitea. N. ischiadicus; n. tibialis; n. fibularis communis. Nll. poplitei
prof.
REGIO CRURIS
Regio cruris anterior
borders
subcutaneous: rr. cutaneui cruris med. (n. saphenus); rr. cutanei surae lat. V. saphena magna
Fascia cruris
Anterior group of muscles: m. tibialis ant.; m. extensor hallucis longus; m. extensor digitorum longus.
Lateral group of muscles: m. fibularis longus et brevis.
Vasa tibialia ant. N. fibularis superficialis et profundus
Regio cruris posterior
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus surale lat.; rr. cutanei cruris med. (n. saphenus); n. suralis. V. saphena
parva
Fascia cruris
M. gastrocnemius; m. soleus; m. tibialis post.; m. flexor digitorum longus; m. flexor hallucis longus.
Vasa tibialia, vasa fibularia. N. tibialis
REGIO MALLEOLARIS ET RETROMALLEOLARIS MEDIALIS ET LATERALIS
Borders
Layers
Retinaculum flexorum et extensorum
Structures
REGIO PEDIS
Dorsum pedis
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis et intermedius (n. fibularis superficialis); n. cutaneus
dorsalis lat. (n. suralis); n. fibularis prof. (for the 1. interdigital slot). Rete venosum dorsale pedis
Fascia dorsalis pedis superficialis
M. extensor hallucis brevis; m. extensor digitorum brevis. Tendons of long extensors.
Vasa dorsalia pedis. N. fibularis prof.
Fascia dorsalis pedis profunda
Mm. interossei dorsales
Planta pedis
borders
subcutaneous: nn. plantares med. et lat. (rr. cutanei). Rete venosum plantare
Fascia plantaris pedis superficialis
Aponeurosis plantae
Muscles of the thenar: m. abductor hallucis; m. flexor hallucis brevis; m. adductor hallucis; m. flexor
digitorum brevis; m. abductor digiti minimi. Muscles of the hypothenar: m. abductor digiti minimi, m.
flexor digiti minimi, m. oponens digiti minimi. Tendons of long flexors.
Vasa plantaria medialia et lateralia. N. plantaris medialis et lateralis
Fascia plantaris pedis profunda
Mm. interossei plantares
DIGITI
Borders
Layers
content
REGIONS OF THE BACK
BACK (DORSUM)
Borders, distribution, content, orientation lines,
Regio colli posterior – borders, layers, content, trigonum suboccipitale
Regio vertebralis - borders, layers, content
Regio sacralis - borders, layers, content
Regio lumbalis – borders, layers, content
trigonum lumbale Petiti, Grynfelti, tetragon Krausei
MM. DORSI
(in muscles you need to know origin, insertion, inervation, function)
A) Extrinsic muscles (Heterochtonous musles)
I. Spinohumeral muscles M. trapezius (+ a. supply) M. latissimus dorsi (+ a. supply) M. levator
scapulae M. rhomboideus major et minor
II. Spinocostal muscles M. serratus posterior superior et inferior
B) Intrinsic muscles of the back (autochtounous muscles) (mm. dorsi proprii)
Spinotransversales (m. splenius capitis et cervicis)
Sacrospinales (m. erector spinae - m. longissimus dorsi et cervicis, m. longissimus capitis, m.
iliocostalis, m. spinalis thoracis)
Transversospinales (m. semispinalis, mm. multifidi et rotatores)
Short muscles of the back
Mm. interspinales cervicis
Mm. intertransversales posteriores cervicis Mm. nuchae profundi (m. rectus capitis posterior major
et minor, m. obliquus capitis superior et inferior) - Trigonum suboccipitale
FASCIAE DORSI
Aponeurosis m. erectoris (thoracolumbar fascia)