17 The Highest Functions of Nervous System Psychological and Social Aspects of Brain Activity I 1 Frontal association area • Executive function – Motor / behavioral – Cognitive • Mostly developed in human •1. Australopithecus robustus 2. Homo habilis 3. Homo erectus 4. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis 5. Homo sapiens sapiens http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations 2 Functions of frontal association area ➢ Motor/non-motor planning/organization - strategy - anticipation ➢ Thinking – mental models processing ➢ Attention – „information filtering“ ➢ Behavioral control – Facilitation of „wanted“ – Inhibition of „unwanted“ http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg 3 Social brain may be considered as an anticipation in social context Socialization ✓ Socialization is an evolutionary strategy of „weak/less skilfull“ ✓ Socialization allows its members to be „weak/less sklifull“ ✓ The social group brings its members benefits which could not be achieved on an individual basis ✓ Society ➢ Collaboration ➢ Categorization of duties and responsibilities ➢ Hierearchy 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#/media/ File:Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg https://wallhere.com/cs/wallpaper/1 065382 http://www.slidesh are.net/drpsdeb/pr esentations Society https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg 5 Society https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg 6 Three States of Knowledge and Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations 7 Three States of Knowledge and Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations FACTSFACTS THEORIESTHEORIES 8 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_Mac Lean.jpg/220px-Paul_D_MacLean.jpg 9 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif 10 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of internal and external informations DRIVE 11 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of internal and external informations DRIVE 12 Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • (Papez circuit) • Via neuromodulationg systems – Consciuosness – Mood • Via thalamus – Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) – Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/20 14/09/tea.png?w=272&h=300 13 Whole brain model http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BB A2B8C52-92B6-4C17-AEEB- 3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/Backgroun dInfo/images/image8.gif http://rolandspinola.de/herrm ann_international_deutschlan d.html 14 Whole brain model http://www.12manage.com/images/pict ure_herrmann_whole_brain_model.gif http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BB A2B8C52-92B6-4C17-AEEB- 3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/Backgroun dInfo/images/image8.gif http://rolandspinola.de/herrm ann_international_deutschlan d.html http://www.herrmannsolutions.com/what-is-whole-brain-thinking-2/ 15 https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp https://web.limbic-personality.com/ / 16 http://scottschwefel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/smart-skills.jpg https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp https://web.limbic-personality.com/ / 17 Every brain is unique • Emotionally – Limbic system • Rationally – Neocortex http://cortechsnews.cortechslabs.com/hubfs/brains.png?t=1485216931168 18 http://fundersandfounders.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/9-types-of-intelligence-infographic.png 19 http://customersecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Army-Personality-Types.png 20 http://customersecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Army-Personality-Types.png 21 Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg 22 Universal Individual https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Mas low#/media/File:Abraham_Maslow.jpg http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg 23 Universal Individual Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow Social brain or asocial brain? http://i.imgur.com/zOSnsEl.jpg 24 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Battleship_Strasbourg_after_bomb_attack%2C_1944.jpg Social brain or asocial brain? 25 Social brain or asocial brain? http://people.com/celebrity/nick-ut-photographer-talks-kim-phuc-napalm-girl-photo-42-years-later/ Nick Ut, Trang Bang 1972 26 Social brainhttp://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/images/G0500_large.jpg http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-1166.jpg „The first sign of civilization was a femur that had been broken and then healed… Helping someone else through difficulty is where civilization starts“ Margaret Mead 27 Mentalization • the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies the behavior ➢ Rationally ➢ Emotionally http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg 28 Mentalization • the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies the behavior ➢ Rationally ➢ Emotionally http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg 29 Social brain http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg http://l.rgbimg.com/cache1qciLh/users/d/dr/dro w/600/mWyqBmm.jpg http://media2.fdncms.com/arktimes/imager/u/orig inal/4147437/i-80_eastshore_fwy.jpg 30 Social brain http://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibn8LbKHvbxI/v1/-1x-1.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar Robin Dunbar 31 Social brain http://www.slideshare.net/EXCCELessex/robin-dunbar-has-the-internet-changed-our-social-world?qid=8bec5233-8b90- 40fa-9c8c-a7033224c639&v=&b=&from_search=1 Social brain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar Robin Dunbar 32 Every brain is a powerful machine… http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg … which is hard to control 33 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html 34 Limbic system and neocortex https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 35 Limbic system and neocortex https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 36 Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbický systém ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 37 Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 38 Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 39 Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 40 Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg 41 Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles 42 Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles 43 Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles 44 Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles 45 Individual / subjective character of brain activity • Irational preferences • Irational fear • Phobia – Panic (extreme) irational fear ➢Specific ➢Social • http://www.fearof.net/ https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONALLIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL 46 Individual / subjective character of brain activity • Irational preferences • Irational fear • Phobia – Panic (extreme) irational fear ➢Specific ➢Social • http://www.fearof.net/ https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONALLIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL 47 Individual / subjective character of brain activity • (Pseudo)rational preferences • Imagination NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL http://www.hospitality-school.com/wp- content/uploads/2011/06/guest-preference-2.jpg 48 • Imagine red car… Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL 49 • Imagine red car… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIG A#tbm=isch&q=red+car+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL 50 • Imagine red Ferrari… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q =red+ferrari+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL 51 • Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm =isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL 52 • Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm =isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background • Closer specification (more conditions) leads us to a more consistent output, but increases the likelihood of errors ✓ Random – some specifications are randomly overlooked ✓ System – some specification is unknown (How does Ferrari 458 look like?) Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONALNEOCORTEX – RATIONAL 53 Every brain is unique • Emotionally – Limbic system • Rationally – Neocortex http://cortechsnews.cortechslabs.com/hubfs/brains.png?t=1485216931168 54 Every brain is a powerful machine… http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg … which is hard to control 55