First Aid course
1. Introduction
Kamil Hudáček, MD
Tomáš Korbička, MD
Aims of the course
provides basic knowledge on the principles of
first aid in case of sudden health disorders
manages the organization of first aid at the site,
where the disability occurred
learns the basic skills of transporting the
wounded, bandaging techniques and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Organization of the course
 14 lectures + 7 practices (1 at Children's Hospital)
 Practice: 1 absence is allowed, possibility of
substitution of the absence with another group
 2 rules for colloquium: pass the online test and pass
the oral exam (how „not to kill" the patient = 2 theoretical
questions and one minute of providing BLS)
 jan.malaska@gmail.com - email to contact
 Study materials at MU IS + lectures
 Full text guideliness ERC 2015 (www.erc.edu)
https://cprguidelines.eu/
 First Aid Manual - revised 10th edition, 2016
St. John Ambulance
Literature:
Apps for smart phones:
• First Aid - American Red Cross
• St John Ambulance First Aid
• First aid by British Red Cross
Literature:
Definition
First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment
given to a person who is injured or suddenly
taken ill
- is provided by the general public (lay persons and/or
health professionals) regardless of the availability
specialist equipment
- assistance must be provided quickly and efficiently, but
may not directly threaten the health or life of the
rescuerer
The principles of first aid
- Quickly but calmly evaluate the situation and
summon the appropriate help
- Ensure safety at the accident site and protect
yourself
- Early identify life-threatening conditions
- Provide adequate assistance with regard to the
character and severity of injury
- Search for circumstances and mechanism of injury
The obligation to provide first aid
.. is taken for granted
Criminal Law of Czech Republic says:
Failure to provide assistance § 150
1. One person who is in danger of death or shows signs of
serious health disorder or other serious illness, does not
provide the necessary help, although he can do so without
danger to himself or another, shall be punished by
imprisonment of up to two years.
... nevertheless ... a casualty has the right to refuse help
- stay at a safe distance from the casualty until you have
gained the person’s permission to move closer
- if you are convinced of the need for urgent medical
treatment or the patient's condition is deteriorating
call 155 / 112 for emergency help (999 for UK)
- observe from a distance until help arrives
Communication with a casualty
- It is necessary to build mutual trust (introduction,
explanation, reassurance) since the beginning
- Adequate communication due to age
- Act calmly, but firmly, with respect to the casualty
- Avoid to be provoked
Vital signs
- signs that indicate the status of the body’s vital
(life-sustaining) functions
The normal ranges for a person’s vital signs vary with age,
weight, gender, and overall health
• Body temperature
• Pulse or heart rate
• Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
• Consciousness = Alert – Voice – Pain - Unresponsive
• Blood pressure
Primary approach to the affected / initial
examination – DRS ABC
D – Danger (onsite risk)
R – Response (talk / touch the casualty)
S – Shout (call / send for help)
A – Airway (open and clear)
B – Breathing (look, listen and feel)
C – Circulation (severe bleeding?)
Danger
• Evaluate the scene accurately
• Stay calm
• Identify any safety risks
• Assess the resources available
• When approaching a casulty make sure you protect yourself
• If you cannot make an area safe, then call for emergency
help
• Stand clear of the incident
Requesting help
Telephoning for help: CZ 155 or 112
(999 UK)
Introduce yourself
What happened / what is the problem ?
How many casulties are affected
What is the status of the victim (conscious, breathing ...?)
Where the event occurred (the most accurate description of the site)
Answer all questions of the operator
Follow any instructions
End call as second (no sooner than operator)
Be prepared for calling back
Response = assessing the casualties
• Find out what is wrong with the casualty
• Treat conditions found in order of severity - lifethreatening
injuries first
• Arrange for the next step of casualty’s care
(emergency help / seek medical advice / let him go)
The primary survey – airway, breathing, circulation
The secondary survey – history, symptoms, signs
• the chain of survival is a series of steps (forming a
virtual “chain”) which give the best chance of survival
from a cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating)
• if all the steps of the chain are followed promptly, then
the victim has the best chance of surviving the cardiac
arrest
If during the primary examination (ABC) is
ruled out failure of vital function, approach
to detailed „head to toe“ secondary
examination
Symptoms – listen the casualty; see, feel,
hear, smell
Sings – allergy, medications, previous
medical history, last meal, event history
Supine
- hard surface
- with underlay head
- with raised legs
- autotransfusion position
Sitting position with
back and head support
(Fowler's)
Position on side with
knees bent
Patient positioning
„Recovery position“ - Rautek
• Indications - impaired consciousness, regular
and sufficient breathing
video
„Anti-shock position" -
Trendelenburg
Equipment to provide
first aid:
 To protect yourself – pocket mask
or face shield, gloves, alcohol
gel to clean your hands
 First Aid Kit
– for car, home or outdoors
Practical training :
• the behavior on-site of accident
• evaluation of vital functions
• activation of the chain of survival
• telephonig for emergency services
Thanks for your attention
Have a nice day 