Muscles of the lower limb Mm. coxae (Coxal muscles) ANTERIOR GROUP Musculus iliopsoas • ORIGIN:disci intervertebrales and fibrous bundles along the lumbar spine, fossa iliaca • INSERTION: trochanter minor femoris • INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis • FUNCTION: flexion of hip joint (it starts stepping) POSTERIOR GROUP Musculus gluteus maximus • ORIGIN:linea glutea posterior, alae ossis ilium, fascia thoracolumbalis • INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis, tuberositas glutea and proximal part of labium laterale lineae asperae femoris • INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior • FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, by pulling tractus, it fixes the knee joint in extension Musculus gluteus medius • ORIGIN:between linea glutea anterior et posterior, crista iliaca • INSERTION: trochanter major • INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior • FUNCTION: abduction of hip joint, flexion, extension Musculus gluteus minimus • ORIGIN: between linea glutea inferior et anterior • INSERTION: trochanter major • INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior • FUNCTION: abduction and flexion of hip joint Musculus tensor fasciae latae • ORIGIN: spina iliaca anterior superior • INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis • INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior • FUNCTION:it stretches tractus iliotibialis and secures stability of knee joint during extension Musculus piriformis • ORIGIN: lateral part of facies pelvina osis sacri • INSERTION: trochanter major • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis • FUNCTION: femoral supination Musculus gemellus superior • ORIGIN: spina ischiadica • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica • INNERVATION: • plexus sacralis • FUNCTION: femoral supination Musculus obturatorius internus • ORIGIN: membrana obturatoria • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis • FUNCTION: femoral supination Musculus gemellus inferior • ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis • FUNCTION: femoral supination Musculus quadratus femoris • ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum • INSERTION: crista intertrochanterica • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis • FUCTION: femoral supination • Mm. femoris (Femoral muscles) ANTERIOR GROUP Musculus sartorius • ORIGIN: spina iliaca anterior superior • INSERTION: pes anserinus • INNERVATION: n. femoralis • FUNCTION: flexion of hip joint, flexion of knee joint Pes anserinus Musculus quadriceps femoris • ORIGIN: rec: spina iliaca anterior inferior, med: labium mediale, lat: labium laterale, inter: corpus femoris • INSERTION:basis patellae, ligamentum patellae, tuberositas tibiae • INNERVATION: n. femoralis • FUNCTION:extension of knee joint rectus: flexion of hip joint Musculus quadriceps femoris M. rectus femoris M. vastus lateralis M. vastus medialis M. vastus intermedius POSTERIOR GROUP Musculus semitendinosus • ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum • INSERTION: pes anserinus • INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus • FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, flexion of knee joint Musculus semimebranosus • ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum • INSERTION: proximal part of tibia, ligamentum popliteum obliquum • INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus • FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, flexion of knee joint Musculus biceps femoris • ORIGIN: caput longum: tuber ischiadicum, caput breve: labium laterale lineae aspereae • INSERTION: caput fibulae • INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus • FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint, extension of hip joint MEDIAL GROUP Musculus gracilis • ORIGIN: ventrocaudally from symphysis • INSERTION: pes anserinus • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius • FUNCTION: adduction of hip joint, flexion of knee joint Musculus adductor longus • ORIGIN: ramus superior ossis pubis • INSERTION: middle part of labium mediale lineae asperae • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius • FUNCTION: adduction of thigh Musculus adductor brevis • ORIGIN: between ramus superior et inferior • INSERTION: proximal part of labium mediale lineae asperae • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius • FUNCTION: adduction of thigh Musculus adductor magnus • ORIGIN: from ramus inferior to tuber ischiadicum • INSERTION: labium mediale lineae asperae, epicondylus medialis femoris • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius, n. ischiadicus • FUNCTION: adduction of thigh Musculus pectineus • ORIGIN: pecten ossis pubis • INSERTION: linea pectinea femoris • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius, n. femoralis • FUNCTION: adduction of thigh Musculus obturatorius externus • ORIGIN: external surface of membrana obturatoria INSERTION: fossa trochanterica • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius • FUNCTION: supination of hip joint FEMORAL FASCIAE •Fascia lata- tractus iliotibialis Mm. cruris (Crural muscles) ANTERIOR GROUP Musculus tibialis anterior • ORIGIN: lateral part of tibia, membrana interossea cruris • INSERTION: base of 1st metatarsal bone, os cuneiforme mediale • INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus • FUNCTION: dorsal flexion of foot, supination Musculus extensor hallucis longus • ORIGIN: distal part of fibula, membrana interossea cruris • INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of big toe • INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus • FUNCTION: extension of big toe, dorsal flexion of foot Musculus extensor digitorum longus • ORIGIN: condylus lateralis tibiae, fibula, membrana interossea • INSERTION: dorsal aponeuroses of 2nd-5th toes, tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti (m. peroneus tertius) • INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus • FUNCTION: dorsal flexion of toes and foot, tertius-pronation of foot LATERAL GROUP Musculus fibularis longus • ORIGIN: caput fibulae and proximal part of fibula • INSERTION: os cuneiforme mediale, base of 1st metatarsal bone, on the plantar side! • INNERVATION: n. fibularis superficialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion and pronation of foot, transversal foot vault Musculus fibularis brevis • ORIGIN: distal part of fibula • INSERTION: tuberositas ossi metatarsi quinti • INNERVATION: n. fibularis superficialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion and pronation of foot POSTERIOR GROUP Musculus triceps surae • ORIGIN: m. gastrocnemius-epikondyly femuru, soleus-caput fibulae a arcus tendineus musculi solei • INSERTION: tendo calcaneus-tuber calcanei • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot, gastrocnemius-flexion of knee joint Musculus plantaris • ORIGIN: epicondylus lateralis femoris • INSERTION: tendo calcanei • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint Musculus popliteus • ORIGIN: epicondylus lateralis femoris • INSERTION: proximally from linea m. solei on tibia • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint Musculus tibialis posterior • ORIGIN: membrana, tibia • INSERTION: tuberositas ossis navicularis • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot, foot vault Musculus flexor digitorum longus • ORIGIN: posterior surface of tibia • INSERTION: distal phalanx of 2nd-5th toes • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot and toes Musculus flexor hallucis longus • ORIGIN: posterior surface of fibula • INSERTION: distal phalanx of big toe, groes together with tendon of m. fdl • INNERVATION: n. tibialis • FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot and big toe Behind the medial ankle Mm. pedis (Foot muscles) DORSAL GROUP Musculus extensor hallucis brevis • ORIGIN: in area of sinus tarsi • INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of big toe • INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus • FUNCTION: extension of big toe Musculus extensor digitorum brevis • ORIGIN: in area of sinus tarsi • INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of the 2nd- 4th toes • INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus • FUNCTION: extension of the 2nd – 4th toes PLANTAR GROUP Musculus abductor hallucis • ORIGIN: processus medialis tuberis calcanei • INSERTION: medial sesamoidal bone and base of proximal phalanx of big toe • INNERVATION: n. plantaris medialis • FUNCTION: flexion and abduction of proximal phalanx of big toe Musculus flexor hallucis brevis • ORIGIN: plantar side of ossa cuneiformia, • INSERTION: sesamoidal bone • INERVATION: n. plantaris medialis • FUNCTION: flexion of big toe Musculus adductor hallucis • ORIGIN: by two heads- caput obliquum- plantar side of os cuboideum and base of the 4th and 5th metatarsal bone - caput transversum- plantar side of the 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joint • INSERTION: lateral sesamoidal bone • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: adduction of big toe Musculus abductor digiti minimi • ORIGIN: processus lateralis tuberis calcanei • INSERTION: base of proximal phalanx of the 5th toe • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: abduction of the 5th toe Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis • ORIGIN: base of the 5th metatarsal bone • INSERTION: base of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: flexion of 5th toe Musculus opponens digiti minimi • ORIGIN: plantar side of os cuboideum • INSERTION:body of the 5th metatarsal bone • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: mild opossition of the 5th toe Musculus flexor digitorum brevis • ORIGIN: processus medialis tuberis calcanei • INSERTION: 4 parts to toes with three phalanges, middle phalanx, chiasma tendinum • INNERVATION: n. plantaris medialis • FUNCTION: flexion of proximal and middle phalanx Musculus quadratus plantae • ORIGIN: tuber calcanei • INSERTION: tendon of m. flexor digitorum longus • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: participates in flexion of toes Musculi interossei plantares (3) • ORIGIN: medial side of the 3th-5th metatarsal bone • INSERTION: medial side of proximal phalanx of 3th- 5th toes • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: adduction of the 3th-5th toes, mild flexion of proximal palanges Musculi interossei dorsales (4) • ORIGIN: with two heads on adjacent sides of neighboring metatarsal bones • INSERTION: proximal phalanges of appropriate toes • INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: abduction of toes, flexio of proximal phalanges Musculi lumbricales • ORIGIN: tendons of m. flexor digitorum longus • INSERTION: medial side of base of prox. phalanges of the 2nd-5th and to their dorsal aponeuroses • INNERVATION: the 1st and 2nd ones - n. plantaris medialis, the 3rd and 4th n. plantaris lateralis • FUNCTION: flexion of proximal palanges, inclination of toes to medial side Thank you for your attention! 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