PARTS OF SPEECH LATIN ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
NOUNS
= names of anatomical
structures, diseases,
malfunctions, injuries,
qualities, etc.
FEMUR, oris, n.
MUSCULUS, i, m.
SCAPULA, ae, f.
TUBERCULUM, i, n.
INCISURA, ae, f.
COMMOTIO, onis, f.
FRACTURA, ae, f.
ENCEPHALITIS,itidis, f.
CAECITAS, itatis, f.
SUSPICIO, onis, f. etc.
thigh bone
muscle
shoulder blade
tubercle
notch
concussion
fracture
inflammation of brain membranes
blindness
suspicion etc.
1) NUMBER:
One (Singular) or more (Plural)? Sg./Pl.
2) GENDER:
male (masculinum) m.
female (femininum) f.
neutral (neutrum) n.
3) CASE: expresses function in the sentence
a) 1. Nominative (1st
dictionary form) = subject
b) 2. Genitive (2nd
dictionary form) = possessive (=“of“)
c) 4. Accusative – after certain prepositions
d) 6. Ablative – after certain prepositions
*cases No. 3 (Dative) and 5 (Vocative) are not used in medical terminology;
therefore, they are omitted from the list
!!!RULE!!! Adjectives always share the number, gender, and case of the nouns
they describe!
ADJECTIVES
= describing words;
define nouns and their
qualities
fractus, a, um
acutus, a, um
suspectus, a, um
latus a, um
scapularis, e
proximalis, e
increscens, ntis
multiplex, icis
broken
acute
suspected
wide
scapular (related to shoulder blade)
proximal
growing
multiple
DICTIONARY ENTRY OF A NOUN ALWAYS INCLUDES: Nominative (basic form of the word), Genitive ending (classifies the word into declension), gender (necessary for
attachment of correct adjective form)
DICTIONARY ENTRY OF AN ADJECTIVE INCLUDES: Nominative forms of the adjective in different genders, usually first male form, then female form, then neutral form
PREPOSITIONS
= words expressing
spatial or temporal
relations, or relations
between nouns
The following word stands in Accusative: The following word stands in Ablative:
in
sub
post
ante
circum
contra
ad
intra
inter
prope
secundum
propter
= into
= under (in direction sense)
= after
= before
= around
= against
= towards
= during
= between
= near
= according to
= because of, due to
in
sub
cum
sine
pro
a(b)
e(x)
= in, inside, within
= under (in location sense)
= with
= without
= for
= away from
1) = out of; from within
2) = because of, due to *when speaking of secondary pathological
states caused by the primary problem (e.g. abortus spontaneus e
graviditate extrauterina = spontaneous abortion due to extrauterine
pregnancy)