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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 4
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
obliquus, a, um; medianus, a, um; transversus, a, um+linea
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
iliacus, a, um; palatinus, a, um; transversus, a, umcrista +
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
medianus, a, um; palatinus, a, umraphe +
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
apertura + internus, a, um; externus, a, um; medianus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
thoracicus, a, um; iliacus, a, um; uterinus, a, um;arteria +
PART I: EXERCISES
1. Choose the correct form of the adjective DEXTER, A UM to describe the following nouns:
orbita pes
genu radius
pollex crus
auris phalanx
talus brachium
femur manus
carpus coxa
2. Name the following anatomical structures using the given adjectives. Try to figure out their
locations:
Choose one term from each line and modify it to say “parts of…” :
partes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
partes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
partes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
partes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
partes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 4
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
epidemicus, a, um; acutus, a, umdiarrhoe +
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chirurgicus, a, um; complicatus, a, umtherapia +
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
fractura + apertus, a, um; obliquus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mellitus, a, um; secundarius, a, umdiabetes +
3. Specify the following pathologies using the given adjectives:
Choose one term from each line and modify it to complete the following phrases:
patiens cum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
status post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
propter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
therapia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Translate the following anatomical terms. Pay attention to the word order and the case endings:
the first false rib
the second thoracic vertebra
the third right true rib
the fourth coccygeal vertebra
the fifth left true rib
the sixth thoracic vertebra
Choose two of the abovementioned structures and modify them to say “fracture of”:
fractura_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
fractura _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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5. Give opposites. Explain the meaning:
anaemia congenita fractura clausa
diarrhoe acuta fascia interna
foramen magnum costa spuria
costa dextra linea nigra
6. Form meaningful phrases from the following words by modifying their case endings. Do not change the
word order:
insufficientia + valva + aorta
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
tunica + serosus, a, um + vesica + felleus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
plica + vena + cavus, a, um + sinister, a , um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
causa + anaemia + periculosus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
fractura + maxilla + complicatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
therapia + chirurgicus, a, um + fractura + coxa + sinister, a, um + complicatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
insufficientia + glandula + thyroideus, a, um + acquisitus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
patiens + cum + dyspnoe, es, f. + acutus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
status + post + therapia, ae, f. + scarlatina, ae, f. + epidemicus, a um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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lamina + proprius, a, um + tunica + mucosus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
venae + medulla + oblongatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
fractura + columna + vertebrae + complicatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
post + pneumonia + tuberculosus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
insufficientia + tuba + auditivus, a, um + congenitus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. Translate the following phrases into Latin:
subcutaneous pouch of the shinbone
fracture of the second false rib
gastric glands
mucous membrane of the urinary bladder
mucous membrane of the gall bladder
the back of the tongue
palatal transverse suture
fracture of coccygeal vertebrae
fracture of the left shinbone and calf bone
open fracture of the left shinbone
complicated fracture of the backbone
into the internal iliac artery
in the deep vein of the tongue
complicated treatment of secondary diabetes
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 4
PART II : GRAMMAR
LATIN 2ND
DECLENSION
Latin 2nd
declension includes mostly MASCULINES ending in -US/-ER and NEUTERS ending in
–UM in Nom. sg. Some of the words ending in -us are of female gender, but these are exceptions:
NOTE the similarities between the 1st
and the 2nd
declension!
Gen. Sg = Nom. Pl. (1: -ae; 2: -i)
Acc. Sg. ends in -m (1: -am; 2: -um)
Gen. Pl. ends in -rum (1: -arum; 2: -orum)
Acc. Pl. ends in -s (1: -as; 2: -os)
Abl. Pl. ends in -is
Neuters of the 2nd
declension differ from masculines only in Nominative and Accusative (both
singular and plural); Genitive and Ablative endings are identical.
REMEMBER! All neuters: Nominative (sg./pl.) = Accusative (sg./pl.)
All neuters in all declensions end in -a in Nom. and Acc. Pl.
Nouns ending in –er in Nom. sg. are quite rare in medical terminology; however, there are several
frequently used adjectives with this ending (e. g. dexter, sinister, liber...). Nouns and adjectives
ending in –er either lose the vowel –e–or keep it; this change of the stem is always indicated by
the female and neutral forms in adjectives (dexter, tra, trum; liber, era, erum) or by the genitive
ending in nouns (cancer, cri, m.).
Gender exceptions:
methodus, i, f.= method; periodus, i, f. = period; diameter, tri, f. = diameter
Number Case model words
NERVUS (M) / SEPTUM(N)
Sg 1. nervus septum
2. nervi septi
4. nervum septum
6. nervo septo
Pl 1. nervi septa
2. nervorum septorum
4. nervos septa
6. nervis septis
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PART III : VOCABULARY
ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE
accessorius, a, um accessory, supplementary pylorus, i, m. pylorus (the part connecting
stomach to duodenum)
anatomicus, a, um anatomical radiatus, a, um radiate, ray-shaped
bulbus, i, m. (eye)bulb rectum, i, n. rectum (final part of large
intestine)
calcaneus, i, m. heel bone rectus, a, um straight
cardiacus, a, um. related to heart, cardiac ruber, bra, brum red
cerebrum, i, n. brain
crassus, a, um thick septum, i, n. septum, a wall dividing cavity
or structure
curvatura, ae, f. rounded part of a structure,
curvature
sympathicus, a, um sympathetic (nervous system)
diameter, tri, f. diameter truncus, i, m. trunk; (brain) stem
dorsum, i, n. back (of a structure) tuberculum, i, n. tubercle, small bump
durus, a, um hard uterus, i, m. uterus
duodenum, i, n. duodenum (the 1st
part of
small intestine)
vagus, a um wandering (nerve)
flavus, a, um yellow ventriculus, i, m. ventricle; stomach (obsolete)
fundus, i, m. base, bottom
interosseus, a, um between bones, interosseous
jejunum, i, n. jejunum (the 2nd
part of small
intestine)
CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY
ligamentum, i, n. ligament adultus, a, um adult
lobus, i, m. lobe aegrotus, i, m. sick person, patient
longus, a, um long anomalia, ae, f. anomaly, deviation from usual
lymphaticus, a, um lymphatic caecus, a, um blind
malleolus, i, m. bony prominence of ankle cancer, cri, m. cancer
musculus, i, m. muscle medicamentum, i, n. medicament
nervus, i, m. nerve morbus, i, m. disease
nodus, i, m. node neonatus, i, m. newborn
nucleus, i, m. cell nucleus; mass
of grey matter
periodus i, f. period
oesophagus, i, m. gullet, esophagus signum, i, n. sign, indication
organum, i, n. organ
ostium, ii, n. orifice
ovarium, ii, n. ovary
palatum, i, n. palate
pharyngeus, a, um related to pharynx
COLLOCATIONS:
(intestinum) caecum caecum (the first part of large intestine)
intestinum crassum large intestine
(intestinum) rectum rectum (distal portion of large intestine)
medulla rubra red bone marrow
medulla flava yellow bone marrow
nervus vagus vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve)
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palatum durum hard palate