1. Describe the following nouns using one of the given adjectives. Pay attention to their meanings and
correct gender forms:
collum longus, a, um
os sinister, a, um
intestinum urinarius, a, um
ostium anatomicus, a, um
periodus durus, a, um
glandula thyroideus, a, um
costa congenitus, a, um
antebrachium internus, a, um
palatum crassus, a, um
vesica spurius, a um
morbus sacer, a, um
2. Create meaningful diagnoses of your own choice using the following nouns and adjectives (listed in their
basic forms):
fractura + ulna, pelvis, calcaneus, coccyx, clavicula, corpus vertebrae, caput femoris
dexter, tra, trum; transversus, a, um; complicatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
cancer + ovarium, cervix uteri, lobus pulmonis, intestinum, vesica, colon
sinister, tra, trum; crassus, a, um; sigmoideum, a, um; felleus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
morbus + bronchi, ventriculus (cerebri), arteriae, medulla
chronicus, a, um; quartus, a, um; acutus, a, um; oblongatus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
PART I: EXERCISES
anomalia + bulbus oculi, digitus, mandibula, vesica, coxae
congenitus, a, um; acquisitus, a, um; urinarius, a, um; secundus, a, um
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. Translate the names of the structures into Latin:
4. Put the words into correct order. Do not change their case endings:
lati ~ ruptura ~ uteri ~ ligamenti
transversae ~ congenital ~ fissurae ~ cerebri ~ anomalia
plicarum ~ recti ~ operatio ~ transversarum
dorsi ~ transversorum ~ musculorum ~ ruptura
felleae ~ defectus ~ acquisitus ~ vesicae
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 5
5. Form prepositional phrases. The nouns are given in their Nominative forms:
PER + rectum, arteria, vena PRO + neonatus (pl.), adultus
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AD + medulla, bulbus oculi, arteria INTER + vertebrae, bulbi,musculi
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
SUB + lingua, ligamentum IN + musculus, cerebrum, aorta, ostium uteri
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _¨
6. Change the following phrases intoplural:
diameter obliqua _________________________
ruptura musculi transversi _________________________
vitium congenitum _________________________
ramus nervi _________________________
musculus thoracicus _________________________
signum morbi acuti _________________________
nucleus ruber _________________________
7. Fill in missing endings to make meaningful phrases. Translate into English:
ruptura ligament transvers scapul
patiens cum fractur _ fibul apert
nervus transvers coll
nodi lymphatic iliac intern
fractura sept nas complicat
musculi obliqu _ bulb ocul
status post therapi intestin crass chirurgic
periculum ruptur aort
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 5
8. Translate the following phrases into Latin. Pay attention to correct case endings and word order:
long muscles of the neck
radiating ligament of rib
wide ligament of ovary
transverse process of the third coccygeal vertebra
transverse ligament of the shoulder blade
anatomical neck of the humerus
accessory organs of the eye
coccygeal and thoracic muscles
base of the urinary bladder
defect of the wandering nerve
acquired insufficiency of the aortic valve
cause of the fissure of the palate
cancer of the large intestine
fracture of the surgical neck of the femur
congenital anomaly of an internal organ
open fracture of the second left true rib
a newborn with jaundice
an adult (woman) with cancer of the uterine cervix
acute disease of the urinary bladder
rupture of the ligaments of the ankle bone
patient with muscle atrophy
anomaly in the left lobe of the thyroid gland
bleeding out of the nose
foreign body in the nose
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 5
PART II: GRAMMAR
GREEK 2ND DECLENSION
Greek 2nd
declension includes MALES ending in -OS and NEUTERS ending in -ON. The former are
no longer used in anatomical nomenclature (i.e. they appear only in clinical terminology); however,
some Greek neuters still appear in anatomy, embryology, and histology: olecranon, i, n. (the pointed
part of the elbow), ganglion, ii, n. (nerve cell cluster), acromion, ii, n. (the bony process of the shoulder
blade); see also amnion, ii, n. (the inner membrane covering embryo); chorion, ii, n. (outer fetal
membrane), or embryon, ii, n. (embryo).
These words preserve their original Greek ending –on in Nom. sg. and, since they are of neuter gender,
also in acc. sg.; all the other endings are identical with the Latin paradigm SEPTUM.
Masculines ending in -os in Nom. sg. differ from the NERVUS paradigm only in Nom. Sg. And Acc.
Sg. (-on instead of -um).
INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -US (ER), A, UM
Adjectives ending in -us(er), a, um in Nom. Sg. are inflected as the Latin 1st
and 2nd
declension nouns,
i.e. male forms ending in -us(er) according to the NERVUS paradigm, females ending in -a according
to the VENA paradigm, and neuters ending in -um according to the SEPTUM paradigm.
REMEMBER! Adjectives have to agree with the nouns they modify in gender, case, and number. This
definitely does NOT mean that the adjective and the noun it modifies belong to one and the same
declension. In other words, the case endings of the adjective do not have to be identical with those of
the respective noun.
Fractura complicata, therapia fracturae complicatae (fractura is female; therefore, the adjective
ends in -a and follows the vena paradigm, i.e. the two words have identical endings since they
coincidentally fall into the same group)
BUT!
Diabetes mellitus, therapia diabetae melliti (diabetes is male; therefore, the adjective ends in -us
and follows the nervus paradigm)
Periodus longa, post periodum longam (periodus is female; therefore, the adjective ends in -a and
follows the vena paradigm)
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Autumn Term 2019/2020 Handout 5
PART III : VOCABULARY
ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE CLINICAL and PHARMACOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
acromion, ii, n. acromion, bony process of
shoulder blade
alienus, a, um foreign
angulus, i, m. angle, curved part of a bone aqua, ae, f. water
atrophia, ae, f. atrophy, wasting or a
decrease in size of a body
part
cavus, a , um hollow, concave (with vein) destillatus, a, um distilled
conoideus, a, um cone-shaped diureticus, a, um stimulating urine production
colon, i, n. large intestine, colon extractum, i, n. extract (from plants)
deltoideus, a, um shaped like greek letter δ icterus, i, m. jaundice
encephalon, i, n. brain laxativus, a, um stimulating bowel
movements
ganglion, ii, n. gaglion, nerve cell cluster locus, i, m. place
griseus, a, um grey medicus, i, m. doctor
labium, ii, n. lip; skin fold methodus, i, f. method
lambdoideus, a, um shaped like greek letter λ novus, a, um new
olecranon, i, n. curved bony eminence of
ulna, the pointed part
of elbow
oleum, i, n. oil
pericardium, ii, n. sack around the heart periculum, i, n. danger
ramus, i, m. branch pillula, ae, f. pill
sigmoideus, a, um shaped like geek letter ϛ remedium, ii, n. remedy, medication
substantia, ae, f. matter, substance sanus, a, um healthy
trochlea ae, f. pulley-shaped structure siccus, a um dry
velum, i, n. a covering structure
resembling veil
suppositorium, ii, n. suppository, medication
applied rectally
tinctura, ae, f. tincture, alcoholic solution
made of plants
unguentum, i, n. ointment
venenum, i, n. poison
vitrum, i, n. glass, test tube
vivus a, um alive, living
COLLOCATIONS
vena cava superior large vein returning blood to the heart from the head, upper limbs, and theneck
vena cava inferior large vein returning blood to the heart from the lower part of the body
vena portae portal vein, the vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen,
pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver
substantia alba white matter of the nervous system
substantia grisea grey matter of the nervous system
icterus neonatorum jaundice in newborn infants, also called neonatal jaundice
colon sigmoideum the part of the colon describing an S-shaped curve between the pelvic brim and the
3rd
sacral segment
sub signo veneni phrase used when medication should be marked as poison (lit. “under the sign of
poison”)
collum anatomicum site of epiphyseal fusion of a long bone, just below the head of bone
collum chirurgicum the part of bone which has a landmark near it important in surgeries (artery, vein,
or a nerve), also a common site of injuries requiring surgery
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