23.09.2019 1 Skeleton of the upper extremity I. Bones of the shoulder girdle (cingulum membri superioris) Clavicule Scapula II. Bones of the free upper extremity (ossa membri superioris liberi) Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones (ossa carpi) Metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpi) Phalangeal bones (ossa digitorum manus) SKELETON OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY (ossa membri superioris) Clavicle Connects upper extremity with trunk Connection with scapula Connection with sternum extremitas sternalis (facies articularis sternalis) extramitas acromialis (facies articularis acromialis) tuberositas costalis (impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis) tuberositas coracoidea (tuberculum conoideum et linea trapezoidea) Clavicle Fracture of the clavicle Scapula margo superior margo medialis margo lateralis angulus: superior, inferior, lateralis facies: costalis, dorsalis 23.09.2019 2 Facies costalis scapulae Lineae musculares (transverae) Fossa subscapularis Incisura scapulae (ligamentum transversum scapulae) Processus coracoideus Collum scapulae Cavitas glenoidalis cavitas glenoidalis tuberculum supraglenoidale (musculus biceps brachii) tuberculum infraglenoidale (musculus triceps brachii) collum scapulae Facies dorsalis scapulae spina scapulae tuberositas triangularis scapulae acromion facies articularis acromii fossa supraspinata fossa infraspinata Humerus Skeleton of the arm Connected with scapula Connection with forearm Proximal end Body Distal end Humerus Proximal end: caput humeri collum anatomicum tuberculum majus tuberculum minus crista tuberculi majoris et minoris sulcus intertubercularis collum chirurgicum corpus tuberositas deltoidea sulcus nervi radialis (nervus radialis) Humerus 23.09.2019 3 Fracture of the body of humerus (radial nerve damage) Humerus distal end: epicondylus medialis sulcus nervi ulnaris epicondylus lateralis trochlea humeri fossa coronoidea capitulum humeri fossa radialis fossa olecrani Radius Lateral side of the forearm Connected with the humerus Connected with the ulna Connected with the carpal bones Proximal end Body Distal end Proximal end: caput radii fovea capitis radii circumferentia articularis capitis radii collum radii Body tuberositas radii margo interosseus Radius Distal end: processus styloideus radii facies articularis carpea radii incisura ulnaris radii Grooves for the extensors Radius Colles fracture 23.09.2019 4 Ulna Medal side of the forearm Connected with the humerus Connected with the radius Proximal end Body Distal end Proximal end: olecranon ulnae incisura trochlearis processus coronoideus incisura radialis ulnae Body: tuberositas ulnae margo interosseus crista musculi supinatoris Ulna Distal end: caput ulnae circumferentia articularis capitis ulnae processus styloideus ulnae Ulna Parry fracture Ossa carpi (carpal bones) Ossa metacarpi (metacarpal bones) Ossa digitorum manus, phalanges Skeleton of the hand Ossa carpi (8) Proximal row: os scaphoideum (tuberculum ossis scaphoidei) os lunatum os triquetrum os pisiforme 23.09.2019 5 Distal row os trapezium (tuberculum ossis trapezii) os trapezoideum os capitatum os hamatum (hamulus ossis hamati) palma manus dorsum manus sulcus carpi eminentia carpi radialis (tuberculum ossis scaphoidei et trapezii) eminentia carpi ulnaris (hamulus ossis hamati et os pisiforme) sulcus carpi (retinaculum flexorum) canalis carpi Carpal tunnel syndrome nervus medianus retinaculum flexorum Ossa metacarpi (I.-V.) I. II. III. IV. V. Basis ossis metacarpalis (III. metacarp – processus styloideus) Corpus ossis metacarpalis Caput ossis metacarpalis Ossa sesamoidea I. metakarp – os trapezium II. metakarp – os trapezium, trapezoideum, os capitatum III. metakarp – os capitatum IV. a V. metakarp – os hamatum. Connections of the metacarpal bones Ossa digitorum manus, phalanges phalanx proximalis, media et distalis (II.–V. prst) phalanx proximalis et distalis Basis phalangis (prox., media, dist.) Corpus phalangis (prox., media, dist.) Trochlea phalangis (prox., media, dist.) Tuberositas phalangis distalis 23.09.2019 6 4,5 yrs 7 yrs 13 yrs