1 Introduction to neuroscience The regulatory role of nervous system Contact Kamil Ďuriš Department of Pathological Physiology (A18) kduris@med.muni.cz Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system3 The objetives Basic understanding of the role and function of nervous system Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system4 Literature ̶ Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology ̶ Guyton - Physiology Review ̶ Boron - Medical Physiology ̶ Costanzo - Physiology https://www.levneucebnice.cz/p/ganong-s- review-of-medical-physiology-9781259009624/ https://www.levneucebnice.cz/p/guyton -and-hall-physiology-review/ https://www.levneucebnice.cz/p/medical- physiology-3rd-ed// Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system5 https://www.amazon.co.uk/Physiology -6e-Linda-Costanzo-PhD/dp/03 The other sources ̶ Neuroscience Online ̶ http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/toc.htm Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system6 The other sources ̶ CNS online ̶ http://www.cnsonline.cz/ Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system7 The other sources ̶ MIT - Brain Structure and Its Origins ̶ http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/brain-and-cognitive-sciences/9- 14-brain-structure-and-its-origins-spring-2014/# Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system8 Why and how to STUDY neuroscience Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS DebFACTSFACTS THEORIESTHEORIES Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system9 Why and how to STUDY neuroscience Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations FACTSFACTS THEORIESTHEORIES Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system10 What is nervous system good for? Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system11 The role of nervous system http://edublog.amdsb.ca/ Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system12 Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system13 The role of nervous system Multicellular organism • Functional specialization of particular cells – higher effectivity • Inner environment – homeostasis • Lower level of stress • Longer life time Unicellular organism • One cell has to do everythinglower effectivity • Total dependence on environment • High level of stress • Short life time Compartmentalization • Cellular specialization leads to compartmentalization on several levels – Tissue level – Organ level – Organ system level • There are barriers in between compartments • Properties/content may vary among different compartments Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system14 Compartmentalization • Cellular specialization leads to compartmentalization on several levels – Tissue level – Organ level – Organ system level • There are barriers in between compartments • Properties/content may vary among different compartments Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system15 The role of nervous system • Essentials for survival of multicellular organism ➢To maintain homeostatis ➢To coordinate bodily functions ➢ Maintaining homeostasis – The composition of inner environment – The integrity of organ/ bodily barriers ➢ Coordination of bodily functions – To receive signals from outer and inner environment – To process this information – To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system16 The role of nervous system • Essentials for survival of multicellular organism ➢To maintain homeostatis ➢To coordinate bodily functions ➢ Maintaining homeostasis – The composition of inner environment – The integrity of organ/ bodily barriers ➢ Coordination of bodily functions – To receive signals from outer and inner environment – To process this information – To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system17 The role of nervous system • Essentials for survival of multicellular organism ➢To maintain homeostatis ➢To coordinate bodily functions ➢ Maintaining homeostasis – The composition of inner environment – The integrity of organ/ bodily barriers ➢ Coordination of bodily functions – To receive signals from outer and inner environment – To process this information – To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system18 The role of nervous system ➢ Coordination of bodily functions – To receive signals from outer and inner environment – To process this information – To respond in a coordinate manner to these stimuli Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system19 Input Integration Output REGULATIONREGULATION • Regulation – Nervous – Humoral The role of nervous system Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system20 • Regulation – Nervous – Humoral http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/Hypothalamus.htm The role of nervous system Central nervous system controls both types of regulations Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system21 The role of nervous system Humoral regulations • Hormone • Non-specific channel of conduction (blood stream) • Target site defined by specific receptor • Low energetical demands • Slow • Long duration Nervous regylations • Neurtransmitters • Specific channel of conduction • Target site defined by infrastructure • High energetical demands • Fast • Short duration Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system22 http://www.austincc.edu/ Hormonal and nervous regulations Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system23 The role of nervous system Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system24 Input Integration Output REGULATIONREGULATION The role of nervous system Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system25 Input Integration Output REGULATIONREGULATION Potential input Potential output ANTICIPATIONANTICIPATION The role of nervous system Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system26 Input Integration Output REGULATIONREGULATION Potential input Potential output ANTICIPATIONANTICIPATION Sensor Effector Cortex Cortex Evolutionary approach Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system27 Evolutionary approach Evolution is not revolution Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system28 Evolutionary approach • Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new added • Evolutionary younger structures were associated with new functions or with the improvement in existing functions • It is important to ask what is any particular function good for and how it has been improved in course of evolution Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system29 Evolutionary approach • Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new added • Evolutionary younger structures were associated with new functions or with the improvement in existing functions • It is important to ask what is any particular function good for and how it has been improved in course of evolution Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system30 Evolutionary approach • Evolutionary old structures have not been replaced by new ones during evolution, but the old has been kept and the new added • Evolutionary younger structures were associated with new functions or with the improvement in existing functions • It is important to ask what is any particular function good for and how it has been improved in course of evolution Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system31 67. The importance and the regulatory role of nervous system ✓ Unicellular versus multicellular organisms, compartmentalization, control is essential ✓ Nervous system is essential for multicellular organisms • Homeostasis maintenance • Bodily functions coordinations ✓ Regulation • Definition • Nervous vs. humoral ✓ Regulation vs. anticipation Introduction to neuroscience - The regulatory role of nervous system32