Textové pole: PART I: GRAMMAR Textové pole: NOUNS OF THE 3RD DECLENSION Ø all three genders included; no connection between the Nominative ending and gender Ø no fixed Nominative ending (therefore “?” in your chart) A) consonant stems: M. + F.: DOLOR; N.: CORPUS > Nominative form differs from Genitive; most frequent type of 3^rd declension nouns; e.g. pulmo, onis, m.; pectus, oris, n.; cervix, icis, f. B) i-stems: M. + F.: PELVIS > Nominative and Genitive forms are identical + words with the stem ending in 2 consonants; e.g. canalis, is, m.; pelvis, is, f.; dens, ntis, m.; pars, rtis, f. N. : RETE > only four terms: rete, calcar, cochlear, animal >> male and female consonant and i-stems differ only in Gen. pl.!!: -um / -ium >> neutral consonant and i-stems differ in Abl. Sg. -e / -i; Gen. pl.: -um / -ium; and Nom + Acc. Pl.> -a / -ia C) Greek origin nouns: DOSIS > nouns ending in -sis, -xis, -osis in Nom. Sg. + five Latin exceptions (febris, sitis, tussis, pertussis, tuberculosis) e.g. arthrosis, is/eos, f.; emesis, is/eos, f. > Gen. sg. -is / -eos (the original Greek ending) > all female EXCEPTIONS: Ø os, ossis, n. > Gen. pl. ossium Ø vas, vasis, n. (= vessel) > plural forms declined like septum (2nd declension) REMEMBER! -io, ionis, f. (~ English -ion ending words) > operatio, excisio, dislocatio, solutio, commotio -itas, itatis, f. (~ English -ity ending words) > deformitas -or,-oris, m. (esp. with muscle functions) > levator, flexor, rotator Endings with specific meaning: Ø -oma, omatis, n. (usually attached to a Greek noun) = tumor types e.g. adenoma, adenomatis, n. = glandular tumor; angioma, angiomatis, n. = blood vessel tumor Ø -osis, is, f. (usually attached to a Greek noun) = degenerative or non-inflammatory diseases e.g. arthrosis, is, f. = joint degeneration; hepatosis, is, f. = liver degeneration Ø -itis, itidis, f. (usually attached a Greek noun) = inflammations e.g. encephalitis, encephalitidis, f. = brain inflammation; nephritis, nephritidis, f. = kidney inflammation, rhinitis, rhinitidis, f. = nose inflammation Textové pole: PART II: EXERCISES 1. Write down the stems of the following words and identify their paradigms. Translate: • excisio, onis, f. • dolor, oris, m. • latus, eris, n. • • • • abductor, oris, m. • colitis, itidis, f. • lien, lienis, m. • • • • apex, icis, m. • extensor, oris, m. • cutis, is, f. • • • • articulatio, onis, f. • femur, oris, n. • mater, tris, f. • • • • caput, itis, n. • ureter, is, m. • melanoma, matis, n. • • • • carcinoma, matis, n. • foramen, inis, n. • occiput, itis, n. • • • • cartilago, inis, f. • hallux, ucis, m. • oedema, matis, n. • • • • cavitas, atis, f. • hepar, atis, n. • operatio, onis, f. • • • • febris, is, f. • iecur, oris, n. • iris, dis, f. • • • • cortex, icis, m. • lac, lactis, n. • pharynx, gis, m. • • • • solutio, onis, f. • larynx, ngis, m. • pollex, icis, m. • • • • radix, icis, f. • trauma, atis, n. • arthrosis, is/eos, f. • • • • regio, onis, f. • sphincter, eris, m. • ulcus, eris, n. • • • • ren, renis, m. • cystis, is, f. • ureter, eris, m. • • • • rotator, oris, m. • tendo, inis, m. • vas, is, n. • • • • sanatio, onis, f. • thorax, acis, m. • vulnus, eris, n. • • 2. Change into plural: femur : mater : flos : foramen : oedema : apex : rete : melanoma : cartilago : injectio : 3. Guess the Genitive form (and gender where possible) of the following nouns based on similar words you know. Create prepositional phrases: pons (=orig. a bridge > the part of the metencephalon between medulla oblongata and midbrain) > prope systema > cum melanosis (from the Greek root melan- = black > a disorder of pigment metabolism) > propter larynx (the muscular-cartilaginous structure at the top of trachea below the root of tongue and hyoid bone, containing vocal cords and responsible for the sound heard in speech) sinusitis > ad > sine rotator > sub caecitas (=blindness) > e excoriatio (a scratch or abrasion of the skin) > cum + Pl.! tegmentum (= a covering) > in 4. Make meaningful phrases by describing the given nouns with appropriate adjectives from the box. Translate: Ex: tumor + malignus, a, um > tumor malignus malignant tumor, i.e. a tumor with tendency to metastasize transversus, a, um 5. Connect the nouns with correct adjective forms, then adjust the whole phrase after the words in bold: Textové pole: Ex: dolor + magnus, a, um > dolor magnus remedia contra ..... dolorem magnum a. latus + sinister, a, um b) abdomen + acutus, a, um vulnus in operatio propter c) musculus adductor + magnus, a, um d) encephalitis + epidemicus, a, um ruptura therapia e) amputatio + traumaticus, a, um f) luxatio + complicatus, a, um status post (pl.) g) musculus extensor + longus, a, um h) margo + liber, a, um distensio polypus[1] in ovarii i) articulatio + planus, a, um j) femur + dexter, a, um (pl.) fractura 6. Read the text, fill in the gaps with Latin equivalents of the underlined words/phrases: The digestive organs ( digestoria) may be divided according to their function in the the cephalic and those of the trunk( ). The cephalic digestive organs include the oral cavity ( with its salivary glands (cum salivariis), the oropharynx, and the hypopharynx. The digestive organs of the trunk include the gullet ( ), stomach ( ), small bowel ( tenue) including duodenum, jejunum and ileum, large bowel ( including caecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon ( ), descending colon, sigmoid colon ( ) and rectum. Important are also the digestive glands – liver ( ) and pancreas ( ). 7. Translate: damaged function of the digestive* organs (digestorius, a, um) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tear wounds in the epigastrium and the right side of abdomen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ foreign objects in the nasal cavity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ congenital dysfunction of the salivary* glands (salivarius, a, um) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ large perforation of esophagus due to an ulcer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bite wound in the left lower leg with swelling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sepsis due to surgical wounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ vomiting in pregnancy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ benign cysts in endometrium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ congenital dislocation of the left hip joint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ traumatic amputation of the fourth and fifth finger on the right hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ symptoms of the vein thrombosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ suspicion of the breast cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ malignant tumor in the head of pancreas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PART III: VOCABULARY COLLOCATIONS abdomen acutum any serious acute intraabdominal condition marked by pain, muscular rigidity, tenderness, and requiring surgical intervention, e.g. appendicitis calcar avis calcarine spur, a spur-shaped structure on the medial wall of occipital horn of the lateral brain ventricle dentes decidui/lactei deciduous or primary teeth dura mater the outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three brain membranes *(mater = orig. a mother) lateris dextri / sinistri (l. dx. / l. sin.) on the right / left side, with pair structures translated as the right / left …, e.g. fractura tibiae lateris sinistri = fracture of the left tibia (mater) arachnoidea a delicate (arachno- = spider > like spider web) fibrous membrane between the innermost and outermost brain membranes pia mater the innermost of the three brain membranes mors biologica death by natural causes; or permanent cellular damage, which is irreversible mors clinica cessation of blood circulation and breathing, partially reversible sanatio per primam (intentionem) per secundam (intentionem) healing without complications healing with complications, e.g. infection vulnus sectum scissum morsum contusum lacerum sclopetarium punctum cut wound (by falling of a sharp object) incised wound (by pulling of a sharp object) bite wound bruised wound tear wound gunshot wound stab wound ________________________________ [1]=a general descriptive term used with reference to any mass of tissue that bulges or projects ou tward or upward fromthe normal surface level, thereby being macroscopically visible as a hemisphero idal, spheroidal, or irregular moundlikestructure growing from a relatively broad base or a slender stalk; polyps may be neoplasms, foci of inflammation, degenerative lesions, or malformations.