How do I decide to what declension the word belongs to?
What are the genitive endings of Latin declensions?
What is stem?
How can we identify the stem of a Latin noun?
When do we use?
Nominative?
Genitive?
Accusative?
Ablative?
Use the declension table to form plural of the
following words
COXA TENDO NERVUS GENU
Anatomical nomenclature
non-agreed attribute
http://terminologia-anatomica.org/cs/ImageSet/ViewSet/2085?imageId=496
Anatomical nomenclature
agreed v non-agreed attribute
http://terminologia-anatomica.org/cs/ImageSet/ViewSet/2002?imageId=420
Which anatomical terms use
adjectives and which Genitive?
http://terminologia-
anatomica.org/cs/ImageSet/ViewSet/2315?imageId=804&imageAnnotationId=2159
4&mobile=false
Adjective or
Genitive?
 NOUN + NOUN, if we speak of a part of the structure,
e.g. caput radii
 NOUN+ ADJECTIVE, if we speak of a structure
connected to the neighbouring one, e.g. incisura
radialis
 BOTH in some terms like:
 ossa tarsi/tarsalia
 ossa carpi/carpalia
 ossicula auditus/auditoria
 cavitas abdominis/abdominalis
 cavitas thoracis/thoracica
 cavitas pelvis/pelvina
THE ORDER OF
ADJECTIVES
AFTER NOUN
The most general adjectives are put first, the most
specifying last (the other way round as in English), see:
• abductor
• flexor indicis
• adductor digitorum longus
musculus extensor pollicis brevis
• levator carpi
• depressor hallucis
• compressor
Thus, the terms like lateralis-medialis, longus-brevis,
superficialis-profundus, maximus-minimus, etc. are
usually put at the end of the anatomical term
Genitive singular and plural
NON-AGREED
ATTRIBUTE
 noun + noun in GENITIVE
 Equivalent to: of
• EX: Fractura costae //fractura costarum
Fracture of rib Fracture of ribs
English does not always use of, where Latin uses Genitive!
rib fracture = fracture of rib
scapular notch = notch of scapula
Name parts of bones
ex: caput + costa > caput costae head of rib
caput + femur >
caput + fibula >
caput + humerus >
caput + phalanx >
caput + radius >
caput + talus >
caput + ulna >
Prepositions and prepositional phrases
 Denote:
 spatial relations sub, infra, post, ante, supra, a/ab, ad
 temporal relations post, ante, intra
 causal relations propter, e/ex
 other cum, sine
 Can be connected with:
 Accusative case
 Ablative case
 Both Accusative and Ablative cases
Form prepositional phrases
LATIN1st declension
In the 1st declension we decline nouns that
have: Genitive sg. ending -AE
Nominative sg.
ending
-A
Gender Mostly F
Never N
Exceptions M
EXCEPTIONS!!!
NOUNS OF THE 1st Declension that are of masculine
gender are:
Names of specialists – dentista, ae, m.
Names of muscles – antagonista, ae, m.
GREEK1st declension
Greek origin words of 1st declension have these
typical endings:
Nominative sg. -E -ES
*diabetes
*ascites
Genitive sg. -ES -AE
Gender F M
Latin and Greek 1st declension
Latin Greek