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aVLCJ0181 Czech Language for Foreigners I
verbs in czech language
how to conjugate the verbs in present tense

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̶irregular verbs: být (to be), chtít (to want) → whole set of forms must be learnt
̶somehow regular verbs: mít (to have) and some other verbs → the infinitive & first person form
must be learnt
̶regular verbs (99 % of all the verbs you will ever need):
̶
good for you, almost all the verbs are regular, except for few
regular × somehow regular × irregular verbs

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The infinitive always ends with -T
̶studovat, telefonovat (to call), pracovat (to work), dělat (to work), rozumět (to understand),
vařit (to cook)
start with the infinitive
regular verbs: step 1

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̶studovat, telefonovat, pracovat, dělat, rozumět, vařit
observe how it looks before T
regular verbs: step 2

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1.-at: dělat
2.-ět / it : rozumět, vařit
3.-ovat: studovat, telefonovat, pracovat
4.
3 possible groups
regular verbs: step 3

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̶
the stem type ending
̶infinitive: dělat  = děl + a + t
̶present tense form: dělám  = děl + á + m
 the stem
̶the stem: it never changes (for regular verbs)
̶type: this element tells you about what type of the verb it is
̶ending: this identifies either: a) the infinitive (= T), or b) the subject (according to the
personal ending)
form analysis
verb in the infinitive and present tense

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1.-at: děl-
2.-ět / it : rozum-, vař-
3.-ovat: stud-
4.
remove the ending
making present tense: step 1

Adobe Systems Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky
apply personal endings, textbook, p. 13
making present tense: step 2

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1.-at: děl + á + [personal ending]
2.-ět / it : rozum- vař- + í + [personal ending]
3.-ovat: stud- + uj + [personal ending]
4.
4.
Adding something to the stem
making present tense: step 2

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1.
Applying personal endings
making present tense: step 3/M

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1.
Applying personal endings
making present tense: step 3/U

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1.find the infinitive
2.recognize the verb type
3.apply the personal endings
This works with any regular verb.
summary

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̶how the stems are different for different verbs
̶how the stems remain the same through the whole conjugation
̶how the personal endings for each person are the same for different verbs
̶how the personal endings are different for each person
playing with verbs
examples: observe

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examples: Á verbs (M in the first person)
Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky

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examples: Í verbs (M in the first person) 1
Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky

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examples: Í verbs (M in the first person) 2
Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky

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examples: Í verbs (M in the first person) 2
Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky

Adobe Systems Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky
examples: OVAT verbs (U in the first person)


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̶
needed in English, not that important in czech
pronouns & verbs
já = I
ty = you (singular, informal)
on / ona / to = he/she/it is
my = we
vy = you (plural, or formal)
oni = they

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̶using a pronouns = strong(er) emphasis on the subject
̶
̶without pronouns: normal speaking
̶
̶with pronouns
̶
simply: do not use them; or use them J
when (not) to use pronouns
já jsem student = me (and not David, e. g.), I am a student
jsem student = I am a student

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̶
Thank you for your attention.
Děkuju za pozornost.