Aspect
Imperfective  × perfective verbs


Verbs in czech language
•verbs: all exist in pairs; each verbs has a counterpart/aspectual partner


Verbs in czech language
Imperfective (basic)
Perfective
2nd imperfective
pít (to drink)
vypít (in general, finish a drink)
dopít (finish an unfinished drink)
napít se (take a sip)
upít (take a small sip)
zapít (take a sip after food)
opít se (get drunk)
upít se (die because of drinking)
…
vypíjet
dopíjet
napájet se
upíjet
zapíjet
opíjet se
•verbs: all exist in pairs; each verbs has a counterpart/aspectual partner
•basic meaning: the same; secondary meaning: slightly modifying the basic meaning

Verbs in czech language
Imperfective (basic)
Perfective
2nd imperfective
All the verbs
(1000s)
Perfective counterparts
(x 1000s)
More verbs
•verbs: all exist in pairs; each verbs has a counterpart/aspectual partner
•basic meaning: the same; secondary meaning: slightly modifying the basic meaning

What you will have to learn
•20 verbs and their counterparts
•legend: left verb = imperfective, right verb: perfective
•available on IS (link)

Verbs = actions
•Imperfective verbs
•Action as a process
•Perfective verbs
•Action as a result
https://d30y9cdsu7xlg0.cloudfront.net/png/21729-200.png
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Actions taken as
•Imperfective verbs
•movie
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•Pan Bean jí kuřecí stehno.
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•Perfective verbs
•photos
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•Pan Bean snědl kuřecí stehno.
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Verbs = actions
•Imperfective verbs
•Unlimited
•Unfinished
•Lasting
•Repeated
•
•Nejím maso.
•Co děláš? — Nemám čas, jím.
•Každý den jím kuřecí stehno.
•Jedl jsem kuřecí stehno 25 minut.
•Perfective verbs
•One-time
•Completed in one-moment
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•
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•Snědl jsem kuřecí stehno v 12:35.11

Grammar
•Imperfective verbs
•Past tense
•Action was happening.
•Jedl jsem kuřecí stehno.
•Present tense
•Action is happening.
•Jím kuřecí stehno.
•Future tense
•Action will be happening.
•Budu jíst kuřecí stehno.
•Perfective verbs
•Past tense
•Action has happened already, it is over and the result was achieved.
•Snědl jsem kuřecí stehno.
•Future tense (formaly present tense form)
•Action is going to happen and the result will be achieved.
•Sním kuřecí stehno.
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Context: time and other signals
•Imperfective verbs
•každý den, týden, měsíc, rok
•vždycky = always
•pravidelně = regurarly
•často = frequently
•obvykle = usually
•nikdy = never
•RÁD
•duration/lenght expressions: 2 hodiny, 5 minut…
•Perfective verbs
•UŽ + VERB in past tense = I have already...
•ZA + time (za hodinu, za pět minut)

Conjunctions
•Imperfective verbs
•Když = when/while
•Two simultaneous actions
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•Když jsem jedl kuřecí stehno, díval jsem se na film.
•Perfective verbs
•Když = after
•Two consequent actions.
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•Když jsem snědl kuřecí stehno, šel jsem do školy.

Forms and grammar: prefixes
•Imperfective verbs
•pít → piju, pil jsem
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•
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•Conjugation for perfectives stays the same, you only add the prefix.
•Perfective verbs
•Vypít → vypiju, vypil jsem
•Napít se → napiju se, napil jsem se
•Dopít → dopiju, dopil jsem
•Opít se → opiju se , opil jsem se
•Upít → upiju, upil jsem
•…

Forms and grammar: different forms
•Imperfective verbs
•Brát
•Vyšetřovat
•Kupovat
•Perfective verbs
•Vzít
•Vyšetřit
•Koupit

Conclusion
•What you should be able to do
•Identify the verb with the prefix (mýt → umýt)
•Make correct future tense forms (perfectives = without BUDU, only present tense form)
•Know given pairs of verbs (see IS)
•