18 The Highest Functions of Nervous System - Psychological and Social Aspects of Brain Activity II The Highest Functions of Nervous System II2 The Highest Functions of Nervous System II3 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html The Highest Functions of Nervous System II4 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http:// http://www.terryherring2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/life-balance.jpg http://thedailypositive.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/image1-4-300x300.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II5 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http:// http://www.terryherring2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/life-balance.jpg http://thedailypositive.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/image1-4-300x300.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II6 Awareness / Mindfulness https://stuffthingsandopinions.files.wordpress.com/2 015/12/15655214702_05c357fe29_o_d.jpg http://cognitivetherapyonline.com/cbt4panic/wp- content/uploads/2011/03/past-future.gif „When you are hungry, eat; when you are tired, sleep“ Zen Budhist quote The Highest Functions of Nervous System II7 Awareness / Mindfulness „When you are hungry, eat; when you are tired, sleep“ Zen Budhist quote http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations The Highest Functions of Nervous System II8 Awareness / Mindfulness http://nutritionstudies.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/overcoming-emotional-eating- 480x250.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- _GpQ4Y4Dn10/T8WmcpPUtlI/AAAAAAAAAww/9kCQYEuoTBg/s1600/ex ercise-cartoon.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II9 Awareness / Mindfulness https://whatsinabrain.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/past-present-future.png The Highest Functions of Nervous System II10 Procrastionation • Putting off an action to later time • It is not a laziness! http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd837ef94536423/ tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II11 Procrastionation • Putting off an action to later time • It is not a laziness! http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd837ef94536423/ tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II12 Procrastination https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II13 Risk factors • Intelligence ➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning ➢ Why to do it? • A task is boring ➢ I do not like it • A task is difficult ➢ How to start? • A task is frustrating ➢ I cannot move on… • Bad organization ➢ I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic) ➢ It does not bring me anything https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II14 Risk factors • Intelligence ➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning ➢ Why to do it? • A task is boring ➢ I do not like it • A task is difficult ➢ How to start? • A task is frustrating ➢ I cannot move on… • Bad organization ➢ I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic) ➢ It does not bring me anything https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II15 Risk factors • Intelligence ➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning ➢ Why to do it? • A task is boring ➢ I do not like it • A task is difficult ➢ How to start? • A task is frustrating ➢ I cannot move on… • Bad organization ➢ I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic) ➢ It does not bring me anything https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II16 Risk factors • Intelligence ➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning ➢ Why to do it? • A task is boring ➢ I do not like it • A task is difficult ➢ How to start? • A task is frustrating ➢ I cannot move on… • Bad organization ➢ I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic) ➢ It does not bring me anything https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II17 Risk factors • Intelligence ➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization • A task has low meaning ➢ Why to do it? • A task is boring ➢ I do not like it • A task is difficult ➢ How to start? • A task is frustrating ➢ I cannot move on… • Bad organization ➢ I have to do it ina a different way • Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic) ➢ It does not bring me anything https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II18 More choice does not make us more happy http://wigan.illarterate.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/Empty-supermarket-shelves.jpg https://kristenleoneblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/03/decision-paralysis/ https://11tx7b411ycc3zja3v2vhqz9-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/paradox-of-choice.jpg Decision paralysis The Highest Functions of Nervous System II19 Distraction https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4060/4432737271_0c27eaac05_b.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II20 Procrastination http://elearninginfographics.com/wp-content/uploads/What-type-of-procrastinator-are-you-V2.png The Highest Functions of Nervous System II21 Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system The Highest Functions of Nervous System II22 Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system The Highest Functions of Nervous System II23 Procrastination https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg A critical role of the limbic system The Highest Functions of Nervous System II24 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/ 6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II25 Stephen Covey – Quadrant system http://thecontextofthings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/covey-4-quad-1.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II26 Pomodoro technique http://www.bamradionetwork.com/images/easyblog_images/11545/procrastination-infographic-2.png https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/ 6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg http://smartlifeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2015/03/pomodoro-timer.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II27 Rationalization • defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means (wikipedia) http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif The Highest Functions of Nervous System II28 Rationalization • defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means (wikipedia) http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif The Highest Functions of Nervous System II29 Manipulation • Selfmanipulation vs manipulation of others • Intentional vs unintentional http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url=aHR0cDovL3d 3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw== „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 The Highest Functions of Nervous System II30 Manipulation • Selfmanipulation vs manipulation of others • Intentional vs unintentional http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url=aHR0cDovL3d 3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw== „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II31 Manipulation • Selfmanipulation vs manipulation of others • Intentional vs unintentional http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url=aHR0cDovL3d 3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw== „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II32 Manipulation http://dailynewsdig.com/advertising/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System II33 Manipulation http://distrayante.blogspot.cz/2014/07/3-publicites-mensongeres-qui-mont-bien.html The Highest Functions of Nervous System II34 Manipulation https://s3.amazonaws.com/user- media.venngage.com/9e35bdc2748090dcf73c204acd1f699 6.jpg http://mannmedia.pbworks.com/f/weasel%20wrods .jpg http://www.diet4india.com/images/image4.gif http://blogs- images.forbes.com/jeffbercovici/files/2012 /08/dr.-oz-weight-loss-pills.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II35 Manipulation and propaganda https://kristinczerminski.wordpress.com/2013/12/10/photo-manipulation-the-impact-on-society-the-advertising-industry/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System II36 Propaganda • Manipulation / propaganda is as old as mankind itself, and sometimes it may seem absurd https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FXZvktB5BuM/V4r9YwAO9VI/AAAAAAAAKk8/PtlGz94QGXYtA_KpphdeS0aQGzts8vurgCLcB/s1600/The%2BSoviet%2Bflag%2Bover%2Bthe%2BReichstag%252C%2B1945.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II37 Propaganda • Historical resources have propagandistic character • History is written by winners • Subjective / engaged view vs. pure propaganda http://soren.faculty.arizona.edu/sites/ soren.faculty.arizona.edu/files/newpa g10.jpg http://www.colorado.edu/Classics/clas4091/Graphics/Const arch.jpg http://www.colorado.edu/Classics/clas4091/Graphics/Co nstarch.jpg http://www.colorado.edu/Classics/clas4091/Graph ics/Constarch.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II38 The power of media in the present https://faceswaponline.com/trump-travels-overseas https://thetravellingsquid.com/2013/12/18/vladimir-putin-russias-macho-leader/ https://www.thesun.co.uk/ news/10144977/kim-jong- un-horse-photos-vladimir- putin/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System II39 Propaganda targets basic needs http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg Universal Individual The Highest Functions of Nervous System II40 Propaganda https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II41 Propaganda https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II42 Propaganda and propaganda https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880 bd379bd9.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us- propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii- poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR- aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/Ge rman_recruiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp 7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl= https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda- poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A& vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20 propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve t=1&w=640 http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp% 20For%20Norge.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II43 Propaganda and propaganda https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880 bd379bd9.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us- propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii- poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR- aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/Ge rman_recruiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0 7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp 7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl= https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda- poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A& vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20 propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve t=1&w=640 http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp% 20For%20Norge.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II44 Dehumanization • Debasement the others' individuality as either an "individual" species or an "individual" object • Animalistic • Mechanistic http://www.secretsofthefed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BAR-CODESX.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II45 Dehumanization https://www.amazon.com/Nazi-Doctors-Medical-Psychology- Genocide/dp/0465093396/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=dctors+and+nazis&qid=1571405647&sr=8- 1-spell https://www.amazon.com/Doctors-Hell-Horrific-Account- Experiments/dp/1591810329/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=dctors+and+nazis&qid=1571405647&sr=8-2- spell The Highest Functions of Nervous System II46 Dehumanization • Debasement the others' individuality as either an "individual" species or an "individual" object • Animalistic • Mechanistic http://www.secretsofthefed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BAR-CODESX.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II47 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II48 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II49 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System II50 Memetics • Memetic complex has to replicate, otherwise it will become a "dead learning / information” • Memetic complexes compete each other for „substrate“ (human mind) http://cdn2.5wm83b1.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/pepsiad2.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_4ryHM8waEOc/S5ZL9uKNi0I/AAAAAAAAA4w/9cYf2Jf7rnc /s400/coke_vs_pepsi.jpg The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I51 https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb 085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ekmps/shops/bduimportslt d/images/condor-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/ 10025966-Stone-age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mary16thC.jpg https://www.wikiart.org/en/leonardo-da- vinci/the-madonna-of-the-carnation https://pixels.com/featured/1-madonna-and-child- peter-paul-rubens.html https://www.wikiart.org/en/m-h-maxy/madonna Culture – the sum of knowledge ✓ Material ✓ Spiritual The Highest Functions of Nervous System II52 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II53 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II54 ➢ Every phenomenon which cannot be explained rationally is similar to miracle/supernatural phenomenon http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/45/2048x1152/hd-aspect- 1446671691-ufo3000.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c3/ 53/40/c353406ec16aa486bdf806581839dcb7.jpg https://space.desktopnexus.com/wallpaper/5 98423/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System II55 ➢Even we cannot explain some phenomena we should consider its effect, reproducibility and knowledge transfer possibilities The Highest Functions of Nervous System II56 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II57 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II58 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyche Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II59 Medical doctor • Treatment strategy – Evidence based – Rational – Reproducibility – Knowledge transfer possible • Approach to patient – More rational - explanatory Healer • Treatment strategy – Personal ability based – Pseudorational/irational – Reproducibility is problematic – Knowledge transfer impossible • Approach to patient – More emotional - calming Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is associated with anticipation functions of the brain Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyche Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining placebo effect with the effect of medicaments It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or unintentionally manipulate their patients The Highest Functions of Nervous System II60 Empathy Rationality Emotionality 86. The basic characterization of neocortical functions – language and social brain, basic overview of functional diagnostic methods used in neurology The Highest Functions of Nervous System II61 • Communication and language • Language areas – localization and fuctuion including lobulus parietalis inferior, aphasia… • Lateralization of language functions, gender differences • Social brain • Human is a social beeing, so the brain has to be designed accordingly • Frontal lobe and limbic system in behavioral control • Triune brain theory, whole brain model, mentalization, dehumanization • Functional diagnostic methods (EEG, SPECT, PET , fMRI)