DEPARTMENT OF HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
«¥ FACULTY OF MEDICINE - MASARYK UNIVERSITY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 2
> General structure of the digestive tract
> Oesophagus
> Stomach
> Small and large intestine
Common structure of the wall of GIT tube
• The tunica mucosa
- epithelial lining
- lamina propria
/loose connect, tissue/
- lamina muscularis mucosae
• Tela submucosa
/loose connect, tissue + Meissner's nerve plexus/
• The tunica muscularis externa
- circular
• myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach)
- longitudinal muscle
• The tunica serosa or adventitia
/loose connect, tissue -/+mesothelium/
Oesophagus, (HE), objektiv 2,5*
'S '9 •"'#>
Cardia (HE)
- epithelial change
- cardiac glands - branched tubular mucous glands
Gastric glands
• Gil, cardiacae
- branched tubular mucous glands
• GIL qastricae propriae (fundic glands)
-2-4 open into one gastric pit
- simple tubular
- isthmus, neck, body and base
• chief c. /zymogenic/ - pepsinogen, lipase
• parietal (oxyntic) c. /HCIJntrinsic factor"/
• mucous neck cells (acidic mucus)
• precursor (undifferentiated) cells
• enteroendocrine cells
• GIL pyloricae
- branched tubular mucous glands
Fundus ventriculi (HE) 2,5x
Fundus ventriculi (HE) - gastric glands, 10x
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Simple columnar epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
foveola gastrica
Fundus ventriuculi - gastric glands (HE), 20x
Pylorus (HE), 10x_
Small intestine
- Intestinal villus
- Crypt of Lieberkhun
Brush bordor
Nervo fibre
Capillary
Intestinal gland (crypt)
N
Duodenum
Small intestine (HE), 2,5x
Plicae circulares (Kerckring's)
Tunica musosa
Tela submucosa
Tunica muscularis externa
Tunica serosa
Intestinum crassum, (HE), objektiv 2,5*
columnar epithelium
Sl'*    * 3? '  ö»f        v Sil \ V VWTi
t e I a submucosa
■
Lamina propria
Lymphoid nodule
Crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands)
Lamina muscularis mucosae
20 pni ,
07^ - A
Appendix - přehled, (HEŠ), objektiv 2,5*
Mi
Lymphoid nndulp_
Crypt of Lieberkühn
tunica mucosa
tela submucosa
tunica muscularis externa
tunica serosa
Digestive system II
Slides:
11. Oesophagus (HE)
12. Cardia(HE)
13. Fundus ventriculi(HE)
14. Pylorus (HE)
15. Duodenum (HE)
16. Small intestine (HE)
17. Large intestine (HE)
18. Appendix (HE) (19. Anus (HE))
Intestinal epithelium (62)
Goblet cell in epithelium of intestinal mucosa (63) Bottom of crypt of Lieberkuhn (64)
Primitive gut - embryo, day 26
aorta. heart
aortic arches
a.omphalomesenterica
primitive gut
allantois arteria
umbilicalis
laryngotracheal diverticle
d. omphalomesentericus
midgut
hindgut
foregut
Development of the stomach
Rotation around longitudinal axis:
- left side —> ventrally,
- right side —> dorsally.
I
f
I: I
I
Longitudinal rotation axis
■Stomach
Uneven growth of ventral and dorsal wall:
- curvatura minor (to the right),
- curvatura major (to the left). Rotation around sagital axis :
- curvatura minor (cranial position),
- curvatura major (caudal position).
Lesser curvature
Duodenum
Greater curvature
Omental bursa
Mesenterium dorsale Mesogastrium dorsale = omentum majus
Mesoduodenum dorsale Mesenterium dorsale Mesocolon dorsale
Duodenal loop and umbilical loop
\ foregut midgut \
Cephalic limb
of prim, intestinal loop
Vitelline duct
A
Stomach
Duodenum
Sup. mesenteric artery
Caudal limb of prim, intestinal loop
Flexura
duodenojejunalis
Transverse colon
Umbilical loop herniates into the umbilical cord (physiologic herniation, in week 6-10)
a.
a.
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In the umbilical cord, the midgut loop rotates 90° counter-clockwise around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery.
Upon returning, the gut undergoes another 180° counter-clockwise rotation, placing the cecum and appendix near the right lobe of the liver.
The total rotation of the gut is 270°.
Development of intestines