Questions – Cardiovascular system


1.      What are the principal types of capillaries and what is their typical location in the body?
How is the blood flow through capillary bed regulated?

2.      Describe structural and functional differences of elastic and muscular arteries. Provide
examples of typical locations.

3.      Describe the structure called „adventitia“, and describe what it can contain. What is the
difference in „adventitia“ between arteries and veins?

4.      Define the term „portal system“. Provide examples of its typical location.

5.      What is the structure of the heart wall?

6.      Define the term „intercalated disc“, provide their localization and structure.

7.      Where in the heart is higher blood pressure prior birth (fetus) and postnatally (after
birth). Explain this phenomenon using proper anatomical terminology.

8.      What are the three embryonic shunts necessary for fetal blood circulation? What happens
after birth?

9.      What is the origin and function of ductus arteriosus (Botali)?

10.  Define the term „tetralogy of Fallot“.