- surgical procedures are performed by the bloody route, i.e. with damage to skin integrity (e.g. punctures, incisions, surgical procedures using endoscopic surgical devices, trepanations, etc.). These procedures represent a very significant intervention into the patient's organism, which is associated with tissue traumatisation. The choice of surgical technique and approach should ensure that the procedure is as gentle as possible for the patient

- surgical procedures using the bloody pathway are performed either through a classical incision - tomia, or nowadays with the use of modern endoscopic methods - scopically. Depending on the area or organ operated on, we then add prefixes to these endings (e.g. laparotomy/laparoscopy - surgical procedures in the abdominal cavity, etc.)

Opened (tomic) approach

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Laparoskopic approach

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Robotic operation

-          the aim to make tissue access as gentle as possible led to the development of robotic surgery

-          it is the most gentle access to the surgical field, minimal surgical wounds, minimal pain

-          the robot offers an incomparably greater range of movement of the surgical instruments during surgery compared to laparoscopy

Examples of the usage

Urology – radical prostate surgery, partial resection of the kidney, renal pelvis surgery and nephrectomy

Abdominal surgery – resection of the stomach, resection of the intestines and rectum, resection of the liver and pankreas ...

Vascular surgery – reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and pelvic arteries

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