7 Olfactory and gustatory system Olfactory and gustatory system2 Olfactory and gustatory system3 Olfaction and sense of taste are closely interconnected „chemical senses“ Olfactory and gustatory system4 Olfaction and sense of taste are closely interconnected „chemical senses“ Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system5 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dispersed in the air • Influenced evolution of neocortex • Place identification • Food identification • Humans are microolfactoric organisms – Loss of analytic capabilities led to a relative enhancement of psychological component Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system6 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dispersed in the air • Influenced evolution of neocortex • Place identification • Food identification • Humans are microolfactoric organisms – Loss of analytic capabilities led to a relative enhancement of psychological component Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system7 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dispersed in the air • Influenced evolution of neocortex • Place identification • Food identification • Humans are microolfactoric organisms – Loss of analytic capabilities led to a relative enhancement of psychological component Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system8 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dispersed in the air • Influenced evolution of neocortex • Place identification • Food identification • Humans are microolfactoric organisms – Loss of analytic capabilities led to a relative enhancement of psychological component Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system9 • Humans can distinguish about 80 chemicals and 144-10000 odors • Better sensitivity to liposoluble molecules • Olfaction degenerates with age http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations ✓ fragnant ✓ woody/resinous ✓ fruit (other than citrus) ✓ putrid ✓ chemical ✓ minty/peppermint ✓ sweet ✓ popcorn ✓ burning ✓ lemon Categorical dimensions of human odor descriptor space revealed by non-negative matrix factorization. Castro JB, Ramanathan A, Chennubhotla CS. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 18;8(9):e73289. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073289. eCollection 2013. PMID:24058466 10 basic categories of odors Olfactory and gustatory system10 Olfactory and gustatory system11 Categorical dimensions of human odor descriptor space revealed by non-negative matrix factorization. Castro JB, Ramanathan A, Chennubhotla CS. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 18;8(9):e73289. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073289. eCollection 2013. PMID:24058466 Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system12 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system13 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system14 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system15 • Molecular structure detection ? – Functional group ? – Molecular shape ? • Molecular vibration detection? Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system16 • Molecular structure detection ? – Functional group ? – Molecular shape ? • Molecular vibration detection? Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system17 https://orgspectroscopyint.blogspot.com/2014/12/infrared-spectroscopy.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5dulWd-OnQ Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV2fkDscwvY https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/21/6/773/488342/ Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system19 https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/21/6/773/488342/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV2fkDscwvY Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system20 https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/21/6/773/488342/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV2fkDscwvY Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system21 https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/21/6/773/488342/ Molecular vibration Olfactory and gustatory system22 https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/21/6/773/488342/ Olfaction Olfactory and gustatory system23 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Sense of taste Olfactory and gustatory system24 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dissolved in saliva • Close connection with olfaction • Food identification • Connection to the reward system Sense of taste Olfactory and gustatory system25 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dissolved in saliva • Close connection with olfaction • Food identification • Connection to the reward system Sense of taste Olfactory and gustatory system26 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dissolved in saliva • Close connection with olfaction • Food identification • Connection to the reward system Sense of taste Olfactory and gustatory system27 • Ability to sense chemical compounds dissolved in saliva • Close connection with olfaction • Food identification • Connection to the reward system Thermoreceptors Somatosensitivity, viscerosensititvity, proprioception and pain I28 http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations • Free nerve endings receptive to thermal stimuli • TRP (transient receptor potential) channels • Polymodal recetor (chemoreception, thermoreception) • Present also in many cells (including neurons, keratinocytes, mechanoreceptros) Gustatory system Olfactory and gustatory system29 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Gustatory system Olfactory and gustatory system30 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Gustatory system Olfactory and gustatory system31 http://media.tumblr.com/1abd820225a3792d0787cd3b53ada989/tumblr_inline_mqyyza95I71qz4rgp.png http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations 75. The basic physiology of olfactory and gustatory system – brief characterization of the modality, basic information about signal detection and processing Olfactory and gustatory system32 • Chemical senses – detection of chemicals dissolved in air/saliva • Olfaciton and gustation are interconnected • Evolutionary old – olfaction influenced neocortex evolution • Analysis of odors requires memory and “advanced” information processing • Basic overview of human olfactory and gustatory systems • Main characteristics of olfaction and taste in human • Human is microolfactoric… • Mention examples of some smell types • List taste types • Structure of olfactory/gustatory epithelium • Mechanism of signal transduction • Brain structures associated with olfaction/gustatory system