17
The Highest Functions of Nervous
System - Psychological and Social
Aspects of Brain Activity I
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I2
Three States of Cognition
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I3
Philosophy : Mind behind Mind
Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain
PS Deb
http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations
Why?
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I4
A human is an individual A human is a social being
Decision making
Why?
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I5
A human is an individual A human is a social being
Psychological conflict Social conflict
Decision makingYou have to live with
yourself
You have to live with
others
Why?
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I6
A human is an individual A human is a social being
Psychological conflict Social conflict
Decision makingYou have to live with
yourself
You have to live with
others
Why?
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I7
A human is an individual A human is a social being
Psychological conflict Social conflict
Decision making
Values
Philosophy
You have to live with
yourself
You have to live with
others
Three States of Cognition
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I8
Philosophy : Mind behind Mind
Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain
PS Deb
http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations
FACTS THEORIES
Frontal association area
• Executive function
– Motor / behavioral
– Cognitive
• Mostly developed in human
•1. Australopithecus robustus 2. Homo habilis 3. Homo erectus
4. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis 5. Homo sapiens sapiens
http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations
9
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I
Functions of frontal association area
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I10
➢ Motor/non-motor planning/organization - strategy - anticipation
➢ Thinking – mental models processing
➢ Attention – „information filtering“
➢ Behavioral control
– Facilitation of „wanted“
– Inhibition of „unwanted“
http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg
http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg
Social brain may be considered as
an anticipation in social context
Socialization
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I11
✓ Socialization is an evolutionary
strategy of „weak/less skilfull“
✓ Socialization allows be specialized
(„weak/less sklifull“)
✓ The social group brings its members
benefits which could not be achieved
on an individual basis
✓ Society
➢ Collaboration
➢ Categorization of duties and
responsibilities
➢ Hierearchy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#/media/File:Canis_l
upus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg
https://wallhere.com/cs/wallpaper/1065382
http://www.slideshare.n
et/drpsdeb/presentation
s
Society
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I12
https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg
http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone-
age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg
http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ekmps/shops/
bduimportsltd/images/condor-greenland-pattern-
axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg
The Highest Level of Cerebral Activity I13
https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb
085dc1511d4b7102.jpg
http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ekmps/shops/bduimportslt
d/images/condor-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg
http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/
10025966-Stone-age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mary16thC.jpg
https://www.wikiart.org/en/leonardo-da-
vinci/the-madonna-of-the-carnation
https://pixels.com/featured/1-madonna-and-child-
peter-paul-rubens.html
https://www.wikiart.org/en/m-h-maxy/madonna
Culture
– the sum of knowledge
✓ Material
✓ Spiritual
Three States of Knowledge and Cognition
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I14
Philosophy : Mind behind Mind
Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain
http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations
14
PS Deb
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I15
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_MacLean.jpg/220px-
Paul_D_MacLean.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I16
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I17
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif
Integration of internal
and external
informations
DRIVE
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I18
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif
Integration of internal
and external
informations
DRIVE
Influence of hypothalamus
on neocortex
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I19
• Papez circuit
• Via neuromodulationg
systems
– Consciuosness
– Mood
• Via thalamus
– Via nucleus mediodorsalis to
orbitofrontal cortex (influence
on decision making)
– Influence gating function of
pther thalamic nuclei
http://ausm.org.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg
https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/2014
/09/tea.png?w=272&h=300
Whole brain model
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I20
http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BBA2B8C52-92B6-4C17-
AEEB-
3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/BackgroundInfo/images/image8.gif
http://rolandspinola.de/herrmann_int
ernational_deutschland.html
Whole brain model
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I21
http://www.12manage.com/images/picture_herrm
ann_whole_brain_model.gif
http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BBA2B8C52-92B6-4C17-
AEEB-
3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/BackgroundInfo/images/image8.gif
http://rolandspinola.de/herrmann_int
ernational_deutschland.html
http://www.herrmannsolutions.com/what-is-whole-brain-thinking-2/
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I22
https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp
https://web.limbic-personality.com/ /
http://scottschwefel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/smart-skills.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I23
https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp
https://web.limbic-personality.com/ /
Every brain is unique
24
• Emotionally
– Limbic system
• Rationally
– Neocortex
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I
http://cortechsnews.cortechslabs.com/hubfs/brains.png?t=1485216931168
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I25
http://fundersandfounders.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/9-types-of-intelligence-infographic.png
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I26 http://customersecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Army-Personality-Types.png
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I27 http://customersecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Army-Personality-Types.png
Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I28
http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg
Universal
Individual
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow#/medi
a/File:Abraham_Maslow.jpg
Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I29
http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg
Universal
Individual
Social brain or asocial brain?
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I30
http://i.imgur.com/zOSnsEl.jpg
Social brain or asocial brain?
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I31
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Battleship_Strasbourg_after_bomb_attack%2C_1944.jpg
Social brain or asocial brain?
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I32
http://people.com/celebrity/nick-ut-photographer-talks-kim-phuc-napalm-girl-photo-42-years-later/
Nick Ut, Trang Bang 1972
Social brain
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I33
http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/images/G0500_large.jpg
http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-1166.jpg
„The first sign of civilization was a femur that had been broken
and then healed… Helping someone else through difficulty is
where civilization starts“
Margaret Mead
• the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or
others, that underlies the behavior
➢ Rationally
➢ Emotionally
Mentalization
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I34
http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg
• the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or
others, that underlies the behavior
➢ Rationally
➢ Emotionally
Mentalization
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I35
http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I36
Social brain
http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg
http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg
http://l.rgbimg.com/cache1qciLh/users/d/dr/dro
w/600/mWyqBmm.jpg
http://media2.fdncms.com/arktimes/imager/u/orig
inal/4147437/i-80_eastshore_fwy.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I37
http://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibn8LbKHvbxI/v1/-1x-1.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar
Robin Dunbar
Social brain
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I38
http://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibn8LbKHvbxI/v1/-1x-1.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar
Robin Dunbar
Social brain
http://www.slideshare.net/EXCCELessex/robin-dunbar-has-the-internet-changed-our-social-world?qid=8bec5233-8b90-40fa-
9c8c-a7033224c639&v=&b=&from_search=1
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I39
Every brain is a powerful instrument…
http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg
http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg
… which is hard to control
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I40
The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex
http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html
Nejvyšší funkce nervové soustavy I41
The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex
https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-judgement-of-paris/f8b061e1-8248-42ae-81f8-6acb5b1d5a0a
• Power
- Hera
• Love
- Aphrodite
• Wisdom
- Athena
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I42
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Instinctive behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓I see a nice thing, so why not
to steel it?
Socially enforced behavior
➢ Legal behavior
➢ Neocortex – limbický system
✓Theft is a crime, and
punishment may come
Moral behavior
➢ Legitime behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓Stealing is a bad thing
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I43
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Instinctive behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓I see a nice thing, so why not
to steel it?
Socially enforced behavior
➢ Legal behavior
➢ Neocortex – limbic system
✓Theft is a crime, and
punishment may come
Moral behavior
➢ Legitime behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓Stealing is a bad thing
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I44
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Instinctive behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓I see a nice thing, so why not
to steel it?
Socially enforced behavior
➢ Legal behavior
➢ Neocortex – limbic system
✓Theft is a crime, and
punishment may come
Moral behavior
➢ Legitime behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓Stealing is a bad thing
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I45
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Instinctive behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓I see a nice thing, so why not
to steel it?
Socially enforced behavior
➢ Legal behavior
➢ Neocortex – limbic system
✓Theft is a crime, and
punishment may come
Moral behavior
➢ Legitime behavior
➢ Limbic system
✓Stealing is a bad thing
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I46
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Information
NEOCORTEX
vs
Complex information
NEOCORTEX/limbic system
vs
Values/Philosophy/Faith
Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I47
Limbic system and neocortex
Limbic system
- Emotions / drive
Neocortex
- Action
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124
c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I48
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Information
NEOCORTEX
vs
Complex information
NEOCORTEX/limbic system
vs
Values/Philosophy/Faith
Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM
„ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“
Aristoteles
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I49
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Information
NEOCORTEX
vs
Complex information
NEOCORTEX/limbic system
vs
Values/Philosophy/Faith
Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM
„ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“
Aristoteles
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I50
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Information
NEOCORTEX
vs
Complex information
NEOCORTEX/limbic system
vs
Values/Philosophy/Faith
Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM
„ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“
Aristoteles
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I51
Limbic system and neocortex
http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-
blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg
Information
NEOCORTEX
vs
Complex information
NEOCORTEX/limbic system
vs
Values/Philosophy/Faith
Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM
„ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“
Aristoteles
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I52
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL
• Irational preferences
• Irational fear
• Phobia
– Panic (extreme) irational fear
➢Specific
➢Social
• http://www.fearof.net/
https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I53
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL
• Irational preferences
• Irational fear
• Phobia
– Panic (extreme) irational fear
➢Specific
➢Social
• http://www.fearof.net/
https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I54
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• (Pseudo)rational preferences
• Imagination
http://www.hospitality-school.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/guest-
preference-2.jpg
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I55
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• Imagine red car…
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I56
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• Imagine red car…
https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q=red+car+white+background
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I57
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• Imagine red Ferrari…
https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q=red+ferrari+white+background
58
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side…
https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I
59
Individual / subjective character of brain activity
NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL
• Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side…
• Closer specification (more conditions) leads us to a more consistent output, but increases
the likelihood of errors
✓ Random – some specifications are randomly overlooked
✓ System – some specification is unknown (How does Ferrari 458 look like?)
https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I
Every brain is unique
60
• Emotionally
– Limbic system
• Rationally
– Neocortex
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I
http://cortechsnews.cortechslabs.com/hubfs/brains.png?t=1485216931168
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I61
Every brain is a powerful instrument…
http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg
http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg
… which is hard to control
86. The basic characterization of neocortical functions – language
and social brain, basic overview of functional diagnostic methods
used in neurology
The Highest Functions of Nervous System I62
• Communication and language
• Language areas – localization and fuctuion
including lobulus parietalis inferior, aphasia…
• Lateralization of language functions, gender
differences
• Social brain
• Human is a social beeing, so the brain has to
be designed accordingly
• Frontal lobe and limbic system in behavioral
control
• Triune brain theory, whole brain model,
mentalization, dehumanization
• Functional diagnostic methods (EEG, SPECT, PET ,
fMRI)