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Theoretical Bases of Clinical Medicine 2-3
Learning outcomes
TBL Lesson: 05 Radim Pára - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [Jana Vinklerová]
Upon completion of this TBL lesson, students will be able to:
• Describe the physiology and pathophysiology of respiration.
o Understand the mechanisms of breathing and lung volumes.
o Define the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
o Explain the regulation of breathing.
o Characterize respiratory failure and respiratory distress syndrome.
• Calculate the body mass index and determine its normal and abnormal ranges.
• Discuss the impacts of obesity on the respiratory system.
• Summarize common pathogens affecting the respiratory tract.
• Formulate the pathophysiology of COPD (with emphasis on chronic bronchitis and
emphysema), including etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestation, macro and microscopic
pathological changes, complications, and differential diagnosis.
• Explain the relationship between COPD and Cor pulmonale and between COPD and mild
cognitive impairment.
• Describe the current classification of COPD.
• Interpret current recommendations for the diagnosis of COPD.
o Explain how pulmonary function tests are conducted, describe the measured lung
parameters, what they indicate, and how they change in COPD.
o Describe the significance and purpose of the CAT symptom assessment
questionnaire and the modified mMRC dyspnea scale.
o Interpret the X-ray results of COPD.
o Suggest other possible diagnostic methods.
• Propose COPD treatment:
o Stable COPD.
o Acute exacerbation of COPD.
o Define the role of pulmonary rehabilitation.
o Describe the treatment of respiratory failure, palliative care, and explain the
importance of oxygen therapy.
o Explain the significance of nutrition and psychotherapy.
o Include treatment of comorbidities.
• Explain the COPD diagnosis to a patient and discuss treatment options, including quitting
smoking.
• Describe the psychological aspects of chronic diseases, including factors affecting the initial
reaction, psychological adaptation, and self-management.
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• Describe smoking and tobacco addiction and their impact on patient health.
o Effects of smoking on health, including passive, definitions and forms of smoking.
o Explain and calculate "pack-years".
o The role of advertising, pricing policies, and health warnings in tobacco
consumption.
o Origins and characteristics of tobacco addiction, psychological aspects of smoking,
withdrawal symptoms.
o Prevention of smoking in general practice and an early detection program for lung
cancer in a high-risk population.
o Smoking cessation, pharmacotherapy for tobacco addiction, and smoking
alternatives, reimbursement from the public health insurance system.
• List and describe the influence of high-risk jobs on the development of respiratory diseases.