14 Limbic system Limbic system2 Limbic system Limbic system3 Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbus = border The concept of limbic system Limbic system4 • Voluntary • Automatic https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png The concept of limbic system Limbic system5 • Voluntary • Automatic Potencial conflict https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png The concept of limbic system Limbic system6 • Voluntary • Automatic Potenciálni konfliktLimbic system Control Modulation https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png The concept of limbic system Limbic system7 • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Potenciálni konfliktLimbic system Control Modulation Limbic system Limbic system8 Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbus = border Limbic system9 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbic system10 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbic system11 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbic system12 Arousal type 1 (somatic) ARAS (ascendent retikulation activation system) • Effect of stimulation – Habituation – Minimal activation of „reward/punishing“ system • Ascendent connections – Somatosensetivity, visual s., auditory s., vestibular s., cerebellum • Descendent connections – Neocortex, corpus striatum, thalamus Arousal type 2 (limbic) • Effect of stimulation – Minimal habituation – Strong activation of „reward/ punishing“ system • Central gray area –CGA - negative • Ventral tegmental area – VTA – positive • Ascendent connections – Mainly viscerosenzitivity, pain • Descendent connections – Hypothalamus and other limbic areas, amygdala Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbic system13 Arousal type 1 (somatic) ARAS (ascendent retikulation activation system) • Effect of stimulation – Habituation – Minimal activation of „reward/punishing“ system • Ascendent connections – Somatosensetivity, visual s., auditory s., vestibular s., cerebellum • Descendent connections – Neocortex, corpus striatum, thalamus Arousal type 2 (limbic) • Effect of stimulation – Minimal habituation – Strong activation of „reward/ punishing“ system • Central gray area –CGA - negative • Ventral tegmental area – VTA – positive • Ascendent connections – Mainly viscerosenzitivity, pain • Descendent connections – Hypothalamus and other limbic areas, amygdala Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbic system14 Arousal type 1 (somatic) ARAS (ascendent retikulation activation system) • Effect of stimulation – Habituation – Minimal ctivation of „reward/punishing“ system • Ascendent connections – Somatosensetivity, visual s., auditory s., vestibular s., cerebellum • Descendent connections – Neocortex, corpus striatum, thalamus Arousal type 2 (limbic) • Effect of stimulation – Minimal habituation – Strong activation of „reward/ punishing“ system • Central gray area –CGA - negative • Ventral tegmental area – VTA – positive • Ascendent connections – Mainly viscerosenzitivity, pain • Descendent connections – Hypothalamus and other limbic areas, amygdala Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Acetylcholine Limbic system15 • Nucleus basalis (Meynerti) abd other nuclei • Nicotin receptors • Muscarin receptors http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations • Sleep/wake regulation • Cognitive functions • Behavior • Emotions Norepinefrine Limbic system16 • Locus coeruleus • Nuclei raphe caudalis • Vigilance • Responsiveness to unexpected stimuli • Memory • Learning Neuro_path_N http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Dopamine Limbic system17 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations • Nigrostriatal system – Movement – Sensory stimuli • Ventrotegmentno-mesolimbicfrontal system – Reward – Cognitive function – Emotional behavior • Tubero-infundibular system – Hypotalamic-pituatory regulation • D1 receptors – excitatory • D2 receptors - inhibitory Neuro_path_DA Serotonin Limbic system18 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations • Nuclei raphe rostralis • Nuclei raphe caudalis • Anxiety/relaxation • Impulsive behavior • Sleep Sleep and wakefulness Limbic system19 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations RPO/RPC – nucleus reticularis pontis oralis/caudalis Sleep Limbic system20 http://anchortime.com/portal/images/stories/MNZ_sleep_cycles_1.jpg Sleep Limbic system21 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priyanka_Abhang3/publication/281801676/figure/fig4/AS:305025248186371@144 9735094401/Fig-4-EEG-waves-for-different-signals.png http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/arti cle-3042230/Sleeping-habits-world- revealed-wakes-grumpy-China-best-quality- shut-eye-South-Africa-wakes-earliest.html http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations https://connect.garmin.com/modern/ Sleep and wakefulness Limbic system22 http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Brainstem nuclei responsible Neurotransmitter Activity state WAKEFULNESS Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Active Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Active Raphe nuclei Serotonin Active NON-REM SLEEP Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Decreased Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Decreased Raphe nuclei Serotonin Decreased REM SLEEP ON Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Active Raphe nuclei Serotonin Inactive REM SLEEP OFF Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Active Hypothalamus Limbic system23 • Key center of autonomic regulations and coordination • Integration of the information from inner and outer environment • Behavioral modulation • Regulation of autonomic nervous system • Maintenance of homeostasis http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/Hypo thalamus.htm http://www.slideshare.net/physiologymgmcri/hypothalamus-15-apr-2016 Hypothalamus Limbic system24 • Key center of autonomic regulations and coordination • Integration of the information from inner and outer environment • Behavioral modulation • Regulation of autonomic nervous system • Maintenance of homeostasis http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/Hypo thalamus.htm http://www.slideshare.net/physiologymgmcri/hypothalamus-15-apr-2016 Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex Limbic system25 • Via neuromodulating systems – Consciuosness (see above) – Mood • Via thalamus – Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) – Influence gating function of other thalamic nuclei • Papez circuit http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitofront al_cortex Orbitofrontal cortex Papez circuit Limbic system26 http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Papez circuit Limbic system27 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Acces sed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Papez circuit Limbic system28 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Acces sed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Papez circuit Limbic system29 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Acces sed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Papez circuit Limbic system30 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Acces sed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Papez circuit Limbic system31 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Acces sed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Papez circuit Limbic system32 Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Learning and memory Limbic system33 • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ Learning and memory Limbic system34 • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ Learning and memory Limbic system35 • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract Learning and memory Limbic system36 • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract Learning and memory Limbic system37 • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract Location oriented: Where am I and what has happened here? Object oriented: Can I eat it and how to eat it? Cognitive maps Limbic system38 ✓ Unique ✓ Egocentric, but multiple points of view ✓ Complex https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Amygdala Limbic system39 http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images/FC/ user_images/1406217/9806788916.png http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- DTBzUhiQrAE/Uz_bIohLgII/AAAAAAAAADU/kFhO3Eeq 6B8/s1600/amygdala-bypass.gif • Connections to all major cortical and subcortica lstructures • Modiffied corpus striatum • Plasticity – memory formation • „Influence of information from outer environment on limbic system“ • „Amygdala hijack“ • „Affective tags“ – Both possitive and negative – Higher responsiveness to negative Amygdala Limbic system40 http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images/FC/ user_images/1406217/9806788916.png http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- DTBzUhiQrAE/Uz_bIohLgII/AAAAAAAAADU/kFhO3Eeq 6B8/s1600/amygdala-bypass.gif • Connections to all major cortical and subcortica lstructures • Modiffied corpus striatum • Plasticity – memory formation • „Influence of information from outer environment on limbic system“ • „Amygdala hijack“ • „Affective tags“ – Both possitive and negative – Higher responsiveness to negative Limbic system41 Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 83. The importance of limbic system and brief characterization of basic functions – somatic and limbic arousal systems, sleep and wakefulness Limbic system42 • Concept, definition and structures of limbic system • Integration of information from inner and outer environemnt • Hypothalamus is a central structure… • Somatic vs. limbic arousal system • Habituation, association with reward punishing system, connections… • Sleep/wakefulness – cooperation of somatic and limbic activation system via neuromodulation • Phases of sleep, basic EEG characteristics 84. The importance of limbic system and brief characterization of basic functions – learning and memory, the influence of hypothalamus on neocortex, the role of amygdala Limbic system43 • Concept, definition and structures of limbic system • Integration of information from inner and outer environemnt • Hypothalamus is a central structure… • Brief overview of hypothalamic functions • Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • Learning and memory • Learning is based on plasticity, learning is forming of long-term memory • Explicit memory – hippocampus • Implicit memory - striatum • Amygdala • Influence of information from outside (neocortex) on limbic system • Amygdal hijack, affective tags