17 The Highest Functions of Nervous Systém Psychological and Social Aspects of Brain Activity The Highest Functions of Nervous System2 Three States of Cognition The Highest Functions of Nervous System3 Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System4 A human is an individual A human is a social being Decision making Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System5 A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Social conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System6 A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Social conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System7 A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Social conflict Decision making Values Philosophy You have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy The Highest Functions of Nervous System8 Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Philosophy The Highest Functions of Nervous System9 Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Wikipedia Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Philosophy The Highest Functions of Nervous System10 Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Wikipedia Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscio us is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System11 A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Social conflict Decision making Values Philosophy You have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscious is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia Why? The Highest Functions of Nervous System12 A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Social conflict Values Philosophy You have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscious is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia You have to die Three States of Cognition The Highest Functions of Nervous System13 Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations FACTS THEORIES Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex The Highest Functions of Nervous System14 • Papez circuit • Via neuromodulationg systems – Consciuosness – Mood • Via thalamus – Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) – Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/2014 /09/tea.png?w=272&h=300 Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow The Highest Functions of Nervous System15 http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg Universal Individual https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow#/medi a/File:Abraham_Maslow.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System16 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_MacLean.jpg/220px- Paul_D_MacLean.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System17 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif The Highest Functions of Nervous System18 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of internal and external informations DRIVE Whole brain model The Highest Functions of Nervous System19 http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BBA2B8C52-92B6-4C17- AEEB- 3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/BackgroundInfo/images/image8.gif http://rolandspinola.de/herrmann_int ernational_deutschland.html Whole brain model The Highest Functions of Nervous System20 http://www.12manage.com/images/picture_herrm ann_whole_brain_model.gif http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BBA2B8C52-92B6-4C17- AEEB- 3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/BackgroundInfo/images/image8.gif http://rolandspinola.de/herrmann_int ernational_deutschland.html http://www.herrmannsolutions.com/what-is-whole-brain-thinking-2/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System21 https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp https://web.limbic-personality.com/ / http://scottschwefel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/smart-skills.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System22 https://web.limbic-personality.com/files/CjvXQ2.bmp https://web.limbic-personality.com/ / The Highest Functions of Nervous System23 http://fundersandfounders.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/9-types-of-intelligence-infographic.png Socialization The Highest Functions of Nervous System24 ✓ Socialization is an evolutionary strategy of „weak/less skilfull“ ✓ Socialization allows be specialized („weak/less sklifull“) ✓ The social group brings its members benefits which could not be achieved on an individual basis ✓ Society ➢ Collaboration ➢ Categorization of duties and responsibilities ➢ Hierearchy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#/media/File:Canis_l upus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg https://wallhere.com/cs/wallpaper/1065382 http://www.slideshare.n et/drpsdeb/presentation s Socialization The Highest Functions of Nervous System25 ✓ Socialization is an evolutionary strategy of „weak/less skilfull“ ✓ Socialization allows be specialized („weak/less sklifull“) ✓ The social group brings its members benefits which could not be achieved on an individual basis ✓ Society ➢ Collaboration ➢ Categorization of duties and responsibilities ➢ Hierearchy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#/media/File:Canis_l upus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg https://wallhere.com/cs/wallpaper/1065382 http://www.slideshare.n et/drpsdeb/presentation s Socialization The Highest Functions of Nervous System26 ✓ Socialization is an evolutionary strategy of „weak/less skilfull“ ✓ Socialization allows be specialized („weak/less sklifull“) ✓ The social group brings its members benefits which could not be achieved on an individual basis ✓ Society ➢ Collaboration ➢ Categorization of duties and responsibilities ➢ Hierearchy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#/media/File:Canis_l upus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg https://wallhere.com/cs/wallpaper/1065382 http://www.slideshare.n et/drpsdeb/presentation s Socialization The Highest Functions of Nervous System27 https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ekmps/shops/ bduimportsltd/images/condor-greenland-pattern- axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System28 http://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibn8LbKHvbxI/v1/-1x-1.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar Robin Dunbar Socialization The Highest Functions of Nervous System29 http://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibn8LbKHvbxI/v1/-1x-1.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Dunbar Robin Dunbar Socialization http://www.slideshare.net/EXCCELessex/robin-dunbar-has-the-internet-changed-our-social-world?qid=8bec5233-8b90-40fa- 9c8c-a7033224c639&v=&b=&from_search=1 Frontal association area • Executive function – Motor / behavioral – Cognitive • Mostly developed in human •1. Australopithecus robustus 2. Homo habilis 3. Homo erectus 4. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis 5. Homo sapiens sapiens http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations 30 The Highest Functions of Nervous System Functions of frontal association area The Highest Functions of Nervous System31 ➢ Motor/non-motor planning/organization - strategy - anticipation ➢ Thinking – mental models processing ➢ Attention – „information filtering“ ➢ Behavioral control – Facilitation of „wanted“ – Inhibition of „unwanted“ http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg Social brain may be considered as an anticipation in social context • the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies the behavior ➢ Rationally ➢ Emotionally Mentalization The Highest Functions of Nervous System32 http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg • the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies the behavior ➢ Rationally ➢ Emotionally Mentalization The Highest Functions of Nervous System33 http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1260-iStock_000017161665_Large.jpg Social brain The Highest Functions of Nervous System34 http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/images/G0500_large.jpg http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-1166.jpg „The first sign of civilization was a femur that had been broken and then healed… Helping someone else through difficulty is where civilization starts“ Margaret Mead The Highest Functions of Nervous System35 Social brain http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg http://l.rgbimg.com/cache1qciLh/users/d/dr/dro w/600/mWyqBmm.jpg http://media2.fdncms.com/arktimes/imager/u/orig inal/4147437/i-80_eastshore_fwy.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System36 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System37 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System38 Memetics • Evolutionary model of cultural information transfer • Analogy genetic information transfer • Mem ➢ „unit of cultural information“ • Memetic complex ➢ System of values/philosophy/religion Every system of values has to be considered as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle, biker or hooligan) http://media.salon.com/2013/08/ri chard_dawkins2.jpg https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System39 Memetics • Memetic complex has to replicate, otherwise it will become a "dead learning / information” • Memetic complexes compete each other for „substrate“ (human mind) http://cdn2.5wm83b1.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/pepsiad2.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_4ryHM8waEOc/S5ZL9uKNi0I/AAAAAAAAA4w/9cYf2Jf7rnc /s400/coke_vs_pepsi.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System40 https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb 085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ekmps/shops/bduimportslt d/images/condor-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/ 10025966-Stone-age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mary16thC.jpg https://www.wikiart.org/en/leonardo-da- vinci/the-madonna-of-the-carnation https://pixels.com/featured/1-madonna-and-child- peter-paul-rubens.html https://www.wikiart.org/en/m-h-maxy/madonna Culture – the sum of knowledge ✓ Material ✓ Spiritual Jan Sokol http://www.jansokol.cz/2014/03/civilizace-kultura-a-nabozenstvi/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System41 ➢ Everyday activities, user ➢ „Manual“ is sufficient, imitation Three levels of life in society Jan Sokol http://www.jansokol.cz/2014/03/civilizace-kultura-a-nabozenstvi/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System42 ➢ Everyday activities, user ➢ „Manual“ is sufficient, imitation ➢ Creativity ➢ Knowldege and technique are needed Three levels of life in society Jan Sokol http://www.jansokol.cz/2014/03/civilizace-kultura-a-nabozenstvi/ The Highest Functions of Nervous System43 ➢ Everyday activities, user ➢ „Manual“ is sufficient, imitation ➢ Creativity ➢ Knowldege and technique are needed ➢ Inspiration of creativity ➢ Awareness of meaning is needed Three levels of life in society The Highest Functions of Nervous System44 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-judgement-of-paris/f8b061e1-8248-42ae-81f8-6acb5b1d5a0a • Power - Hera • Love - Aphrodite • Wisdom - Athena The Highest Functions of Nervous System45 The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Jan_Brueghel_de_Oude_en_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Het_aards_paradijs_met_de_zondeval_van_Adam_en_Eva.jpg The Highest Functions of Nervous System46 Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for- blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbický system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing The Highest Functions of Nervous System47 Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for- blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing The Highest Functions of Nervous System48 Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for- blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing The Highest Functions of Nervous System49 Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for- blog-from-J-e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steel it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing The Highest Functions of Nervous System50 Limbic system and neocortex Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System51 The Highest Functions of Nervous System52 http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider ✓ Object oriented ✓ Implicite ✓ Location oriented ✓ Explcite Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA The Highest Functions of Nervous System53 Learning and memory • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) • Based on hippocampus • Explicit information is stored and later recollected • „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) • Based on striatum • Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits • „Construction of the algorithms“ Location oriented: Where am I and what has happened here? Object oriented: Can I eat it and how to eat it? The Highest Functions of Nervous System54 Gerald Schneider https://itunes.apple.com/us /podcast/brain-structure- and-its-origins- 2009/id385157530?mt=2 https://itunes.apple.com/us/ podcast/brain-structure-and- its-origins- 2014/id944293984?mt=2 2014 20142009Anatomical correalte? O´Keefe and Nadel ´70s And othershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwar d_C._Tolman Edward C. Tolman 1948 Cognitive map term definition Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System55 Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System56 https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System57 ✓ Unique ✓ Egocentric, but multiple points of view ✓ Complex https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System58 ✓ Unique ✓ Egocentric, but multiple points of view ✓ Complex https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System59 ✓ Unique ✓ Egocentric, but multiple points of view ✓ Complex https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html Cognitive maps The Highest Functions of Nervous System60 ✓ Unique ✓ Egocentric, but multiple points of view ✓ Complex https://geoserver.geo-solutions.it/edu/en/pretty_maps/wms.html 86. The basic characterization of neocortical functions – language and social brain, basic overview of functional diagnostic methods used in neurology The Highest Functions of Nervous System61 • Communication and language • Language areas – localization and fuctuion including lobulus parietalis inferior, aphasia… • Lateralization of language functions, gender differences • Social brain • Human is a social beeing, so the brain has to be designed accordingly • Frontal lobe and limbic system in behavioral control • Triune brain theory, whole brain model, mentalization. • Functional diagnostic methods (EEG, SPECT, PET , fMRI)