PoMaH 3X0X HHTepaxypeH h anoöo^HeBeH onHOBpeMeHHO. Hejib3$i, ^Hxan ero, He BcnoMHHaxb nocxoHHHO, CKaxeM, jiepMOHXOBCKMň po-MaH, a eme öojibiiie — «npeciyxuieHHe h HaKa3aHHe». Hejib3« He cono-cxaBHXb MaKaHHHCKoro repoa c ero npe/xmecxBeHHHKaMH — «Ma^eHb-KMMH jiKMbMH». PecJwieKCHii repoa qacxo HanpaBJieHa hmchho b oöjiacxb Be^HKoň pyccKOH jiHxepaTypbi. Ho He;ib3fl h aôcxparHpoBaxbCsi ox ce-ro/xromiHeH HeycxpoeHHOCXH, rpa3H h HHinexM, ox Bcenpo^aBaeMo-cxH, ox ycxpaiuaiomero Hcqe3HOBeHHH KyjibTypbi; Bee sxo b ßojibiuoM npocTpaHCXBe pOMaHa noKa3aHO noJXpoÖHO, JXH^epeHUHpoBaHHO. Pea^bHbiH — Bnojme yjxaqjiHBMH, ycneuiHbiň — MaKaHHH HanH-caji KHHry o HeyaaHHHKe. DiaBHbiři repon — «He BMUie/iiiiHH h3 amie-rpaynaa» nncaxejib, Koxoporo oojimhiihctbo nepcoHaxeö no-CBOöcKH Ha3biBaiox neTpoBHqeM. rleTpoBHH — jj,ymenpHKa3HHK. K HeMy XHHyr-cfl oÖHxaxeJin orpoMHoro oömexHXHH (MaKaHHH bboahx Mexa(J)opy «oömexHXHe KaK cxpaHa»), hxoöm H3JiHXb Jiymy. 3xa JXOMHHaHia po-MaHa BCTynaex b npoxHBopeqne c npHBMHHMMH yxe neccHMHCxnqe-CKMMH paccyJKaeHHüMH 06 oöiixecxBeHHOH poJM nHcaxejifl b HaiiiH jxhh (t. e., no cyxH, o ee OTcyxcxBHH). JJ,eňcxBHxejibHo, oômecxBeHHyio pojih ropa3/io jierne onpeJxeJiHXb /xjih HOBOHBJieHHOro cxapoo6pa3Horo Kyn-na «rocnoflHHa JJyjioBa» h euy noaoÖHMX, HexejiH /jura Henenaxaio-meroca (He xejiaiomero nenaTaxbca!) nexpoBHHa. ÄHTHxe3a ITexpo-BHH — rocnoflHH JJyjioB — ojwa H3 caMbix apKHX b pOMaHe. B «bmmh-paiomee JinxepaiypHoe noKOJieHHe» 3anHCbiBaex ceôfl h caM ITexpOBHq. Ho, Moxex 6bixb, pojib nHcaxe^a b 3Ty flB^eHH0H raacHocxH? Ilo npH3HaHHK) nHcaxejibHHUbi, HMnynbCOM k XBOpnecxBy fljw Hee weTCH qbfl-xo 6e/xa: HannHaeuib /jyMaxb, KaK noMOHb qejioBeKy, — xaaexcH paccKa3 tum nbeca. 327 neTpymeBCKaa jik>6ht h yMeeT cjiyinaTb jkhboh h3mk TOJinbi. B op.-HOM H3 HHTepBbK) OHa 3aMeraiia: «Mm ctohm, 3axaTbie b Tonne. Tojina roBopHT. OHa He b cmiax cziepacHBaTbCji h roBopHT, roBopHT, roBopHT. HHKy^a He 30BeT, He BezieT... O Ham bcuhkhh h Mory^HH, npaBÄHBbift h CBOĎo^Hbiň pa3roBopHbiH, oh MejieT HTo nonano, ho HHKoraa oh He jiaceT. H HHKoraa oh, stot h3mk, He rpjoeH». ripH HTeHHH ee npoH3Be,neHHH c03^aeTca omymeHHe, 6yzrro caM aBTopcKHH rojioc KaK 6bi H3 ryjia tojuim B03HHKaeT h b tot «e yjiH4-HbiH ryji yxoaHT, hto b CBoe BpeMH h 6mjio noßMeneHO kphthkom H. BopHCOBoň. rieTpyíueBCKaíi He nonypanacb bbccth HenpHHyaczjeH-Hbiň pa3roBopHbiň cJior b ôojibinyio JíHTepaTypy. 3HaMeHaTejibHO h ee TBopnecKoe Kpcuo: «JlHTepaTypa He npoKypaTypa». Bce sto no3BOJweT cy^HTb o «jinna HeoômeM BbipaaceHbe», npHBJíeKaeT HHTepec HHTaTe-jieň h 3pHTeneň, nopoacaaíi nopoň oacecToneHHbie ÄHCKyccHH jik>6h-Tejieň JíHTepaTypbi h npo(J)eccHOHajibHbix kphthkob. riepBbiM onyônHKOBaHHMM npoH3Be,neHHeM nHcaTejibHHUbi 6bui paccKa3 «%pej hoah», iioíibhbiiihhcíi b 1972 r. b acypHane «Aßpopa». 3to TOHKaa ncHxojiorHHecKaa 3apHCOBKa anynaňHoň Bcrpenn OTyx co3ÄaHHbix apyr njifi Äpyra jiKweň, KOTopbie h ômjih-to cnacTjiHBbi, jiHiiib Koraa iiijih bäbocm nepe3 nonsi — OHa k no^pyre, oh k HeBecre. riyônHKaiiHH npoiiuia He3aMeneHHOH kphthkoh. C Tex nop ôojiee ,ne-CHTKa jieT npo3a rieTpyíueBCKOH b nena™ He noHBJUuiacb. rieTpyuieBCKyro-apaMaTypra cyacaeHo 6buio «pa3rjumeTb» caMoaeji-Te^bHbiM TeaTpaM. Ee nepBan 3aBepmeHHaa nbeca «YpoKH My3biKH», HanHcaHHaa b 1973 r., 6bma nocTabvneHa P. Bhkttokom b 1979-m b Tear-pe-cryzwH JjBopua Kyjibrypbi «MocKBOpenbe» h nonra cpa3y 3anpeiue-Ha. ribeca HanenaraHa jiHiiib b 1983 r. IIocTaHOBKa «HnroaHO» BnepBbie 6buia ocymecTBJieHa Ha no^MOCTKax cryzieHHecKoro TeaTpa «ľayneaMyc» bo JIbBOBe. npo(J)eccHOHajibHbiM ace TeaTpaM, hto6m cbirpaTb noaoÔHyio apaMaTyprHK), npHiimocb 6m oTKa3arbCJi ot MHorax cjioacHBiiiHxcii cne-HHHecKHX ctepeoTHnoB. B nbecax neTpymeBCKOH co cneHbi 3ByHHT KaK 6bi 3anncaHHaH Ha MarHHTO<|)OHHyio ruieHKy XHBaa pa3roBopHaa penb coBpeMeHHHKa, BocnpoH3BO^HTCH ao Mejionen y3HaBaeMaa peanbHaa XH3HeHHaa CHTyanna. npHBbiHHaa CTpyKTypa ÄpaMaranecKoro noBe-CTBOBaHHH y Hee pa3Mbrra, oTcyrcTByeT «HepHO-ôejibiň» kohcJwihkt, HeT 0flH03Ha4H0H HcnepnbiBaiomeH oueHKH repoeB: nepcoHaacH hc-cjicnyioTCíi b ecrecTBeHHon jlih hhx o6cTaHOBKe, TaK CKa3aTb, «cpenH CBOHX», BHe MopajibHoro noe^HHKa c nojioacHTejibHbiMH repojiMH. KaaceTca, aBTop KaK 6m 4)OTorpa(J)HpyeT cpe3 KaacaoAHeBHOH o6bi-aeHHOH acH3HH. ľepon Ha cueHe nwoT, ewr, pa3roBapHBaK)T o nycTfl-Kax, a b 3TO BpeMH, coBceM no ^íexoBy, «cjiaraeTCíi hx cnacTbe h pa3-ÔHBaioTCíi hx XH3HH». BcTpenaK)TCH Tpoe rhu, MyxcKoro nojia 3a bm-nHBKOH, roBopHT o ôyTbuiKax aa o KaKHx-TO ßOjDKxax apyr Äpyry, o ceMeÖHbix Heypflaimax h npeanonaraeMbix KBapTHpHbix oÖMeHax, cjim-uihtch: «aÄH MHHyry», «3aKycb», «H3 ropna 6yaeM?». B xo^e hx HeMya-peHOH öece^bi B^pyr BbiacHaeTCii, hto sto He KaKHe-HHÖyab 6hmh- 328 aJiKauiH, a npeacTaBHTenn HayHHO-TexHH4ecKoň HHTennHreHUHH, OÄHH H3 hhx b KOMaHHHpoBKy 3a rpaHHuy o(J)opivuiHeTCH aaace. BcKpbi-BaeTca h Tpareana: bot nejioBeK 3a «ropioHHM» b Mara3HH cMaTbiBa-eTCii, ocTpHT, aHeKÄOTbi «TpaBHT», BpeT, 4T0 cneuiHT aoMoň, a TO xeHa He nycTHT, a Meacay TeM y Hero b KapMaHe cnpaBKa o cMepTH MaTepH. Haao 6m Ha noxopoHbi noToponHTbca, jkhbbix iibctob Ha MorH^Ky KynHTb, KaK npocnna noKOHHHiia, ho nponHTbi aeHbrn, h He BoneH nejioBeK b cbohx nocTynKax. 3a 3arpaHH4HbiM HanHTKOM «HHH3aHO» npoaon^caiOTCH pyccKHe MyxcKHe nocvmejiKH («VuHsa-HO», 1973), a TeM BpeMeHeM 3a TeM ace 3aMopcKHM nHTneM (ôo^binoň 3aB03 «HHH3aHO» B 1970-e rO^bl) COÔpajIHCb 6jIH3KHe hm xeHmHHbi — xeHa, noapyra, cocnyxHBHua — Toace b KOJinnecTBe Tpex neJiOBeK OTMeTHTb aeHb poacaeHHH («flem pooKdeHUH CMupHoeoü», 1976). Tyr ■CBOfl aceHCKaa éonTOBHfl o6 anaHCOHCKHX KpyxeBax, coapaHHbix co «CTaporo 6a6yuiKHHoro noaoaeanbHHKa jlih hoboh ko(J)to4KH, 3^opaa-Hbie aceHCKHe «noaKO^bi» HacneT Toro, hto y Koro-TO H3 hhx H3yMpya : 6pHnnHaHTaMH h n^aTHHa noxoacH Ha HeuicKyro OH^cyTepHio. Tyr ace -CKOJIb3b H ynOMHHaHHH O .HHCCepTaUHHX, KOTopbie Bee HeT BpeMeHH 'aKOHHHTb, 06 onepeÄHx Ha 3onoTO (obrno TaKoe b 1970-e) h Moae Ha !«HeTneHKy» — KHHrn 06 HCKyccTBe, o pmhohhoh aoporoBH3He, o 6o-jie3HHX h CMepTHx poaHTejieH h, KOHeHHO ace, o aeTHX h MyacHHHax. Te 'ace rpyôoBaTbie BbipaaceHHH, KaK h y MyxHHH b «HHH3aHO», Bpoae «mm Bac 3Ba™ BbiroHH^H, a Bbi nepjiHCb He xoTenn». H 4epe3 3Ty "paBaay h ooapanecTBO omymaeuib, KaK o^HHOKa h HecnacTHa Kaac-ÄaH H3 aceHiuHH. OaHa HmeT CBoero cnHBaiomeroca Myaca, apyran BJia-«HT cymecTBOBaHHe MaTepn-oaHHOHKH, nonynaiomeH b KanecTBe ajiH-.MeHTOB BOceMb-aecHTb pyôneň, TpeTbH He MoaceT 3a6biTb c^ob Bpaqa, CKa3aHHbix eň bo BpeMH hhctkh naTHMecanHoro njioaa: «3x, KaKoro iapHH 3ary6nnH!» Ho hto noaenaTb, BCUb Henb3H «poacaTb ot Monoace eéfl», «aa erne h kotopmh He xoneT peôeHKa 3HaTb». B nHK 3acTonba HaMenaeTca ccopa, ho OHa KaK-TO He3aMeTHo b Tex ace caMbix pa3roBO- ax cxoflHT Ha HeT. K hhm npnxoaHT oähh HS apy3eň — BaneHTHH, tot "aMbift, coÔHparomHHca 3a rpaHHuy, yace H3BecTHbiň HHTaTe^HM no ibece «HHH3aHo». )KH3Hb npoaojiacaeTca cbohm nepeflOM, KaK h o6mk-HoBeHHoe cnacTbe h HecnacTbe Kaacaoro h3 repoeB. HeT hh xopouiHX, HH nnOXHX, HH npaBblX, HH BHHOBaTblX. OflHaKO Bp5m jm nejibjo ÄpaMaTypra HBnaeTca crpeMneHHe noKa-3aTb bo hto 6bi to hh CTajio npecnoByryK) «npo3y acH3HH». 3to yaen epcoHaaceň — ocraBaTbca b 3aMKHyroM npocTpaHCTBe 6brra, 3pHTe^b ;ce aojiaceH caM npopBaTbca 3a o6o3Ha4eHHbie npeaenw. Abtop Ha6pa-MBaeT Jimsih KOHTyp HBneHHH, KOTopoe 3pHTenb aonaceH aopncoBaTb, nnpaacb Ha cooctbchhwh acHTeňcKHH onbrr. B «Ypoicax Myjbucu» npea-"aB^eHa, Ka3anocb 6bi, 6aHajibHeHiiiaH hctophíi. ^l,eMo6HnH30BaHHbiň "3 apMHH CblH K03nOBbIX HHKO^aH npHBOJIHT B flOM He3HaKOMyK) ae- yuiKy, KOTopan aoMonaanaM hbho He no BKycy: pa3ManeBaHa, Ky-HT, Bbi3biBaiome ceôa BeaeT h, KaK hm KaaceTca, HMeeT Bnabi Ha hx 329 KBapTHpy c oßcTaHOBKOH. Hm xoTejiocb 6w BH/jeTb b KanecTBe xeHbi jnoÖHMoro cbma cKpoMHyio coceacKyio aeßyuiKy HHHy. 3na.ii, hto Ta 6e3 yMa ot HHKOJiaa, h Hcnojib3y*i npn stom cjiojKHbie oraomeHHii b ee ceMbe, Kyna He/iaBHo h3 3aicmo4eHHfl BepHyjica coxcHTejib MaTepn, poaHTejiH HHKOJiaa npHrjiaiuaiOT HHHy b tocth h ocraBJiHioT y ce6«. CblH He npOTHBHTCfl, 5KHBCT C HhHOH KSK C JKCHOH, He COÖHpajICb Ha Heft xeHHTbcfl, ho b to xe BpeMH He MoxeT 3a6wTb cbojo npejKHioio jiioßoBb Haaio, CTapaeTCH MeHbiue 6wBaTb aoMa. PoiiHTejiH B03Myme-Hw ero noBe^eHHeM, Be/ib ohh 03a6o4eHbi ero ßynyiUHM. KaK-TO pa3 npHiuefluiaji 6epeMeHHaa Ha/xa, no cyra, BbicTaBJiaeTca hmh h3 flOMy. CuejiaB, no hx mhchhio, ÖJiaropoaHbin xecT b OTHomeHHH Hhhm, ohh He 3a6biBaiOT hhoh pa3 HanoMHHTb eň o cbohx ßjiaroneflHHflx h npeBocxoflCTBe. Ho aBTop He cneiiiHT ocy^aaTb hx, ohh BOBce He moh-CTpbi, paBHo KaK He TOJibKo xepTBbi b aaHHOH CHTyauHH Ha/xa h HHHa. He Ha30Beiiib npHBjieKaTejibHbiM HHKOJiaa, noryÖHBiiiero cyjjbßbi ixByx aeBymeK, ho h He TaK y>K oh HecnpaBe/xnHB, npHnoMHHan pojjHTejib-CKHe ipeiiiKH mojio/xocth h 3aHBJiHH b OTBeT Ha penjiHKy oTua: «Tbl ceßfl c HaMH He Moxeixib paBHHTb! CpaBHHJi!» — «íl TaKoň xe nejio-BeK». C ne m xe HMeeT jjejio b jjaHHOM CJiynae 3pHTe;ib? C aBTopcKoň HHflH(j)(i)epeHTHocTbio? BcenpomeHHeM? ^a h HyacHbi jih b HCKyccTBe öeccTpacTHwe KonHH JxeňcTBHTejibHOCTH, nycTb jxaxe caMbie TOHHbie?.. nbecw neTpymeBCKOH Bp>m jih ßeccTpacTHbi, cKopee xecTOKH. BMecTe c jjpyrHMH npencTaBHTejraMH JxpaMaTyprHH «hoboh boji-Hbi» — A. Ta^HHbiM, B. CjiaBKHHbiM, B. MepejKKO, JI. Pa3yMOBCKOH — nncaTejibHHua npo/jojixaeT pa3BHTHe npHHUHnoB Teaipa A. BaMnHJio-Ba, cyMeBiuero Ha ypoBHe 6biTa OTpa3HTb jjpaMy coiiHa^bHoro 3acToa. B ee nbecax, KaK h b npoH3BeaeHHHx A. BaMnHjiOBa, npn oTcyTCTBHH np«MOH Ha3imaTejIbHOCTH, MOpa^H3aTOpCTBa, npH Ha^HHHH HeCKOJIb-KHX TOHeK 3peHHH Ha npOHCXOJXHIUee, CHJIbHbl 3JieMeHTbI OCTpaHeHHO- CTH, CHMBOJiHKH. TaK, Ha nepBbiň B3rjum «ßbiTOBaa» nbeca «Ypoioi My3biKH» HeojKHaaHHO 3aKaHHHBaeTc« BbicBeHHBaiomHMHCfl Ha/j cne-HOH rnraHTCKHMH KanejiHMH, Ha KOTopbix «Me/xnemio h nena^bHo B03-hochtch» HHHa h Ha£H c fleTbMH Ha pyKax. XlBHxeHHe Kanejieň Ha6n-paeT xo/x, HeB03MOXHO npoHTH cpeflH hx ßecnopjmoHHoro MeTaHHH. OTeu HHKOjiaa CTaHOBHTca Ha HeTBepeHbKH h nojoeT Ha KyxHio. CaM HHKOJiaň «Bee rjiyßxe yxojiHT c tojioboh b Kpecjio h 3acTbiBaeT noHTH b ropH30HTajibHOM nojioxeHHH, 3a/ipaB Horn KBepxy, hto6h OTra^KH-BaTb Ha^eTajoiJJHe KanejiH». neTpymeBCKaH nojxHHMaeT Tpe6oBaHHa k coBpeMeHHOMy nejiOBeicy jjo BbicoTbi 4>HJioco4)CKoro o6o6uieHHH. nbeca Ha3BaHa «YpoKH My3bi-kh». KaKaa xe My3biKa 3ByHHT b nbece? Ee3JxapHO h npeTeHUH03HO noeT poMaHC «JiHixib TOJibKo Benep onycTHTCH chhhh...» OTeu, Hhko-jiaa; bkjijohhb Ha nojiHyio MOiuHOCTb pa/XHO, «TonnyTCH Ha MecTe», «npHxaBiiiHCb flpyr k apyry», noa «AflaxHO» h3 «JleéeflHHoro o3epa» HaňKOBCKoro h «TaHeu c caßjuiMH» XanaTypHHa HHKOJiaň c Haaeň; oflHHM na^biieM Ha nnaHHHO HaTpeHbKHBaeT Haaa BeHHoro «Hkjkh- 330 a» (HeKOTopbie pexHccepw aejiaiOT ero My3biKa^bHHM 4>ohom Bcero neicraKJiH). Koraa-TO b aeTCTBe yHHJíc« b My3biKa^bHoň uiKo^e caM THKOKaň, ho, noxoxe, oh HcnbiTbiBaeT k My3biKe TaKoe xe OTBpame-He, 4TO h k aeTHM («ílo nero He jhoöjho aeTeň, TepneTb He Mory. OIUHO CMOTpeTb» H «íl Jjaxe B apMHH CKpblBa^, HTO 3HaiO HOTbl»). . MOxeT, oh Ma^o neMy HayHHJicH b My3WKa^bHoň uiKOJie? Beflb 6po-Hji, a to 6bi «cnpaBKy HMeji». TaK h no «m3hh H^eT, He cjibiiua apy-íx, He yiviea noroiTb 4y«;oH 6ojih. noa craTb eiviy h apyrne repoH. 3to beca, KaK h Bce npoH3Be/ieHHfl neTpyíueBCKoň, 06 yxacajomeň He- y3bIKajIbH0CTH, pa306meHHOCTH JIJOaeH, O TOM, KaK TpyHHbl 3TH ypOKH ocTHxeHHH apyroro nejiOBeKa — ypoKH My3biKH, ypoKH rapMOHHH eJiOBenecKoro oßmexHTHH. Bo MHorHX npoH3BeaeHHHx neTpyíueBCKoň aBTopcKaa no3HUHH aJiH3yeTCH HMeHHo b Ha3BaHHH. BTeaTpa^bHbiň ce30H 1988—1989 rr. a cueHe cTaporo 3flaHHH MXATa npoimia ee nbeca «Moacoecicuü xop», ocBHiueHHaíi TeMe peaon^HTauHH noc^e XX cbe3fla napran 6e3BHH- o penpeccnpoBaHHbix, TeMe, BbObiBaBHien b to BpeMH HeH3MeHHbiň "HTepec 3pHTejieň. PeneTHUHH Mockobckoto xopa — jieňTMOTHB cneK- KiM. B pe3yjibTaTe co3aaeTCH omymeHHe, hto caMo cueHHHecKoe no- CTBOBaHHe nepepacTaeT B 3BynaHHe orpoMHoro MHororojiocoro xopa, KOTopoM cJiHBaiOTCfl 6Horpa(j)HH MHornx ceMeň. 3aecb h apeBHHe apyxH, nepexHBiiiHe cbohx crapHKOB, h ßbiBiune aeTH ocy»cneH- bix, xjieÔHyBiuHe ropenb HacHJibCTBeHHbix ccbmoK. Hx rojioca Bn^e- kdtch b CKopÖHO-BejiHHecTBeHHyio Me^oflHio Baxa. A bot eme oaHa nbeca — «Tpu deeyuucu e zoAyôoM» (1980). B Hen ireňcKaji hctophh npHTíi3aHHH mojio/jmx xeHiijHH Ha aojiío aaHHoro OMa h ynacTKa, a Taic*:e Heaojiroro yBjíeneHHH ojhoh h3 repoHHb eHaTMM My>KHHHOH, pajJH KOToporo oHa Ha HeKOTopoe BpeMH 6poca- H 6ojibHyjo MaTb, h ßojibHoro peßeHKa, no3BOJiHeT 3pHTejno h hh- "Tenio yBHfleTb b Tex, o kom OHa noBeaaHa, He TOJibKo rjiyÔHHHyio Tb, HO H HeHTO pOMaHTHHHOe. «TpH aeByiUKH B rOJiyßOM» — CJIOBHO a3BaHHe npeKpacHOň KapTHHbi Ha (J)OHe neň3axa. Bo3moxhm h acco-auHH c nexoBCKHMH «TpeMH cecTpaMH», rae 3ByHHT Ta xe TeMa epeajiH30BaBuieňcH MenTM. B Ka«aoň CBoeň nbece neTpymeBCKa« WTaeTCH noflroiTb cbohx repoeB Haa oßbmeHHOCTbio h HHKoraa He "paeT Bepw b nejioBeKa. IIoBecTByH o npo3e xh3hh, OHa nopo^aaeT b me 3pHTejiH h HHTaTejiH noTpeÔHOCTb b no33HH. Y neTpyíueBCKoň TOHKoe nyBCTBO lOMopa, ^io6oBb k jinrepaTypHO-y SKcnepHMeHTy, noHHMaHHe TBopnecTBa KaK nrpw — c repo«MH, c *TaTejDiMH, c caMoň C060K). y Hee HeMano nbec — OTKpoBeHHbix yroK. TaKOBa nbeca «Andanme» (1975), rue jjeňcTByiomHe JiHua ho-T cTpaHHbie HMeHa (MyxHHHa — Maň, xeHiuHHbi — Ay h Byjibfln) roBopHT KaKHe-TO CTpaHHbie, HenomiTHO hto o6o3HanaiomHe cjio-: «nyjibi», «MeTBHUw», «6ecKaňTw». Ojiho h3 noaoÖHbix cjiob — «nyp-ejijia» — no KOHTeKCTy ocKopßjieHHe, pyraTejibCTBO — boiujio b cjio-pb HOBeňuiHX c^oBoo6pa30BaHHň, H3flaHHbiň b 1992 r. b MocKBe. 331 B yji ba h. Béfl3H 3K0Háň3, HypHxejuia. K) ji h. Hyp^xejma, Hyp^xejuia. aviá Hypoxemia. ByjibÄH. B6ä3h 3K0Háň3, hhhäh. K) ji h. (Pávia Tbl nHHÄH-B y ji bfl h. HypMxejuia iihhäh. K) ji h (jKueo). <řaMa Hyp^xejuia ühhäh. Cynep HypHxejuia, cynep ruman... O tom, KaK co3flaioTCH npoH3BeaeHna coBpeMeHHoň apaMaTyprHH, aa npHTOM b coaBTopcTBe, moxho y3HaTb H3 nbecbi «CtcaMeütca-npe-MUH» (1983), yxe b Ha3BaHHH KOTopoň omyrHMa npoHHa b aapec HaiuyMeBiiiHX nbec A. TejibMaHa. TeaTpaabHbie 3aKyjincHbie HpaBM npe/j-CTaioT b ocTpoyMHoň «Keapmupe Koaomôuhu» (1981), rae H3BecTHbie ôajiaraHHbie nepcoHaxn KoaoMÔHHa, Ilbepo, ApjieKHH aeňcTByiOT b COBpeMeHHOH ÔblTOBOH OĎCTaHOBKC ŕlbecbi neTpyíneBCKOH rycTO 3acejieHbi repoaMH KaK cneHHHecKHMH, TaK h BHecueHHqecKHMH. OaHaKO y Hee ecTb h nbecbi-anaaoní («CmaKan eodbi», 1978; «HsoAupoeaHHUŮ ôokc», 1988), h nbeca-MOHOJior («Ilecm XX eeica.»), aaBinaa Ha3BaHHe côopHHKy ee apaMaiypraH (1988). yaneqeHHe TeaTpoM, opneHTamífl Ha co3aaHHe hjdiio3hh «Mammo-4)OHHoro» cthjm iiHCbMa oöycjiOBHjiH h ocoôeHHOCTb npo3aHHecKnx npo-H3BeaeHHH nHcaTejibHHixbi. IloBecTBOBaHHe b hhx npenopyqaeTCH pac-CKa3HHuaM. ripo3a nerpymeBCKOH hocht HcnoBeaaabHbiň xapaicrep: «Mo-xeT 6biTb, b HanHcaHHOM ecTb KaKoe-TO 3epHO cnaceHHa: tm yxe coo6-mHJi, tm yxe oöpaTHJica k jhqzxhm. Beab aioan noneMy apyr apyry pac- CKa3bIBaiOT? HtOÖM OT 3T0H TflXeCTH H3ÔaBHTbCa». 06pa3 paccKa34n- Ubi — 3TO CBoero poaa aBTopcKaa MacKa. HHoraa oHa aoBoabHo npo-3paHHa, TaK hto rcmoca toh HeHa3BaHHoň xeHinHHM, hto Be/jeT noBe-CTBOBaHwe, h aBTopa caHBaioTCíi {«CAoea», «Hepe3 nojix», «IIo dopoze 6oea dpoca»). B apyrax cjiynaax no3HUHa aBTopa OTaHnaeTca ot no3HUMH paccKa3HHUbi («Ctcpunica», «Cíiaôue tcocmu», «IIo33ua e oku3hu>>). 06pa3 paccKa3HHUbi moxct HccjieflOBaTbca KaK nepeBonjiomeHHe nyxoii cyob-6bi («BpeMa HOHb») hjih onpeaeaeHHoro THna co3HaHHa («ľlecHH boc-tohhmx cjiaBHH»). B cooTBeTCTBHH c TBopnecKoň 3aaaneň rTeTpymeBCKafl npHBHOCHT b Ha3BaHHH UHKJioB CBOHX paccKa30B xapaKTepHbiň OTTeHOK. B nepByio onepeab eio aaeTca ycTaHOBKa Ha BOcnpHírrae ycTHoro pac-CKa3biBaHHH. TaK, paccKa3bi h3 c6opHHKa «BeccMeptnuan Atoôoeb» OHa noaeanaa Ha aBe nacra: «Hcmopuu», noanepKHBan He JiHTeparypHoe, He BbmyMaHHoe, a hko6m xmencKoe, aocTOBepHoe hx nponcxoxae- HHe, — B HHX paCCKa3HHUa HRHaeTCH nOCTOpOHHHM, OTCTpaHHBHIHMCH ot onncbiBaeMbix coömthh jihuom, h «Mohoaozu», rae noBecTBOBaHHe mieT ot nepBoro anua. HHoraa cioaa noMemaioTca Te xe xmeiicKMe HCTopHH, ho BocnpoH3BeaeHHbie ot TpeTbero JiHua, bhuhmo, oco6eH-HO noTpflciiiHe hjih B03MyrHBiiiHe aymy KaK noBecTBOBaTeabHHUbi, TaK h aBTopa. EcTecTBeHHO, hto cioxeTbi noBeaaHHbix xmeHCKHx HCTopiiH h xeHCKHx MOHOJioroB b 3THX HHK/iax HMeioT oco6oe cipoeHHe, nepe-aaiomee xapaKTep qacTO B3BOJiHOBaHHoň, HepeaKo ajiorHHHoň xeH- 332 CKOH penn, nepecKaKHBaiomen c oflHoro coöwthh Ha apyroe. Bpaa jm : ITeTpyuieBCKaa cneuHajibHO KOHCTpynpyeT cboio (J)pa3y, ocoöhm o6pa- '30M paccTaBJiiieT cjioBa. KaxeTca, hto OHa, nocTOHHHO cnbima ycTHyio peqb aioaen TOJinbi, npocTO caeayeT 3a Heio. Bo 4>pa3e neTpyuieBCKon, KaK b xeHCKOM pa3roBope, rae ero ynacTHHUM cTpeMaTca BbiCKa3aTbca cpa3y peiiiHTejibHO 060 BceM, nepeMeuiHBaeTca rnaBHoe, aaeKBaTHoe caMOMy TeneHHio >kh3hh, h BTopocreneHHoe, BHeiiiHe Heo6H3aTeirb- Hoe, cnynaHHoe. «Ä nejioBeK xecTKHH, xecTOKHH, Bceraa c yjibiÖKOö •Ha no^Hbix pyMHHbix ryöax, Bceraa ko BceM c HacMeiiiKoň. HanpHMep, MW CHaHM y MapHiiiH. y MapHiiiH no naTHHuaM coop rocTeň, Bee npHxoflHT KaK oaHH, a kto He npHxoaHT, to Toro, 3HaqHT, ^h6o He nycKaioT aoMauiHHe hjih aoMauiHHe oöcToaTejibCTBa, jih6o npocTO He nycKaioT cioaa, k MapHiue, caMa xe Mapnma hjih Bee pa3T>apeHHoe oomecTBo: KaK He nycKajin aojiroe BpeMH AH^pea, KOTopwň b nbHHOM BHae 3aexaa b rjia3 HameMy Cepxy, a Cepx y Hac HenpnKOCHOBeH- HOCTb, oh Hama ropaocTb h BejiHHHHa, oh, HanpHMep, /jaBHO bhhhc- "hji npHHunn noJieTa JieTaiomnx TapejiOK. Bmhhcjihji Tyr xe Ha 060- poTe TeTpaflH ana pncoBaHHa, b KOTopoň pncyeT ero reHHajibHaa OHb», — roBopHT rjiaBHaa repoHHa — noBecTBOBaTejibHHua b paccKa- e «Ceoü Kpye» (1988). Opa3a y neTpyíneBCKOH, KaK npaBHJio, nepe- acbimeHa h nepeHacejieHa: Tyr h «a», h Mapwma, h AHapeň, h Cepx íunoc ero reHHajibHaa aoHb, Tyr CTaaKHBaeTca HacToamee h öyaymee peMH, TecHO apyr c apyroM coceacTByioT oaHOKopeHHbie cjioBa, Ha- H3HHBO 3ByqaT nOBTOpbl. ABTOP BOCnpOH3BOaHT CTHXHK) yCTHOH peHH : npHcymHMH eft HenpaBHabHOCTaMH. KocHOH3biqne paccKa34HUbi He ceraa nponcxoaHT H3-3a 6e3ipaM0TH0CTH nan HeaocTaTKa o6pa30- aHHOCTH, HO, BHaHMO, H OT CKOpOľOBOpKH, H OT npHBMHKH He npH- aBaTb 6oabiuoro 3HaneHHa rpaMOTHOMy o4>opMaeHHio CBoen ycTHOH eHH: «51 HHoraa xoanaa b xo3aňcKHH aoM CMOTpeTb TeaeBH3op h bh-eaa hx npocToň, HenpnxoTaHBbiH HapoaHbiň 6mt: hto TeTa CnMa aaBa b aoMe, BaaaHK aioOHMbiň cmh, 3nHa CTapmaH aoHb, a MpHiu-a BHyneHbKa, a aaaa Tpnuia thxhh qeaoBeK, kotopmh aaň aa noaaň, a He xoaH no MbiTOMy noay, — thxhh qeaoBeK, caecapb Ha 3aBoae, HTbaecaT naTb aeT» («JJadx Tpuma»). HHTaTeabCKOMy BOOöpaxeHHio npeacTaBaaeTca Bbipa3HTeabHbiří 6pa3 paccKa34HUbi. 3to, no BHeiiiHHM npH3HaKaM, KaK npaBHao, eHiUHHa cpeaHHx aeT, xopouio 3Haiomaa 6mt h HpaBbi pa3aH4Hbix "HH, BoaHyeMan THnHHHO jkchckhmh npoôaeMaMH h orroro c 6oab-HM HHTepecoM npncMaTpHBaiomaaca k noerynKaM, npoaBaeHHio ipaKTepa, cyaböaM npeacTaBHTeabHHU CBoero noaa, OKa3aBiiiHxca flaoM — b öoabHHHHOH naaaTe, b aoMe OTabixa, b aaabHeň noe3aKe iH npocTO XHBymHx no coceacTBy. Koraa xe noBecTBOBaHHe BeaeTca ot hmchh nosTeccbi, KaK b noBe-H «BpeMH HOHb» (1992), rae aBTop npnôeraeT k aaBHO H3BecTHOMy b JuepaType npneMy aKoöbi oÔHapyxeHHOH qyxoH pyKonncH, 4>pa3a, acTO ocTaBaacb no-npexHeMy no-xeHCKH MHorocaoBHoň, «nepeHace- 333 jieHHoň», BopoHKOo6pa3HOH, nopoH npHoôpeTaeT pmopHHecKoe 3By-MaHHe: «Ax, apy3bH moh, h b crapnecKOM Tejie MepuaeT oroHb yMa!», «O HeHaBHCTb TemH, Tbi peBHOCTb h hhhto apyroe», «MaTepH, o MaTe-pH. CBHToe cjioBO, a CKa3aTb noTOMy Henero hh BaM peôeHKy, hh pe6eH-Ky BaM. Byaeuib jnoÖHTb — oynyr Tep3aTb. He 6yaeim> jnoÖHTb — Tax h TaK noKHHyr. Ax h ox». A zuiHHHbie 3aimcH, cnejiaHHbie repoHHeň Ha Tejierpa4)Hbix öjiaHKax, KaK h noJioxeHo b rejierpaMMax, nopoň 6e3 ToneK, 6e3 3aroiTbix, 3BynaT TparHHecKHM nocjiaHHeM b HHKyna. B «Ileciuix eocmoHHbix CAaexn» (1991) xeHCKoe «h» aBTopa-noBe-CTBOBaTe^H npHoôpeTaeT HOBbie nepTbi. 3aecb b noapa3yMeBaeMoň pac-cKa3HHu;e (noBecTBOBaHHe BeaeTca ot TpeTbero jraua) omymaeTca >KeHIHHHa «HH30BOÍÍ» KyjIbTypbl, C THľOH K CTpailIHOMy H TaHHCTBeH- HOMy, Bepoň b nyneca h HaHBHoň Haae>KflOH Ha HeMHHyeMoe B03Me3-jme 3a coBepineHHoe 3Jio. CioxeTaMH 3Toro HHKJia aRJiaioTca «mockob-CKHe cjiynaH», KaK h yKa3aHO b no,n3arojiOBKe. B nepecKa3e cTpauiHbix HCTopHH 06 oxHBiuHX MepTBeuax, o penpoziyKTope, roBopameM rojio-COM y6HToro Ha BoňHe cojmaTa, 06 yMepineň xeHe, npeBpaTHBiuencH b KOiiiKy, cjibiinaTCH He tojimco peneBbie HenpaBHJibHOCTH, ho h ypoa- JIHBbie, npHMO-TaKH rpOTeCKHbie CHHTaKCHHeCKHe KOHCTpyKUHH, oc- HOBaHHbie Ha coneTaHHH npocTopeqHH c o6pa3u;aMH coBeTCKoro ho-BOH3a: «6yKBajibHO, hto Ha3biBaeTca, c tojimm 3aaoM», «ero 3acTaBH- JIH XeHHTbCH BIUIOTb HO HCKJIIOHeHHa H3 HHCTHTyTa». HyBCTByeTCfl, HTO xeHinHHe He BäXHo, o kom paccKa3biBaTb, jxna Hee BaxHo, hto pac-cKa3biBaTb. riosTOMy noHTH Bce «cjiynaH» HaHHHaioTCH npHMepHO o«h- HaKOBO: «O^HH MO^OÄOH HejIOBeK...», «O^HH H&JIOBeK...», «o^Ha xeH- iHHHa». Cnynaň He HRrraeTca JiHTepaTypHbiM xaHpoM b crporoM cmhc-jie anoBa. Ero bo3boäht b stot paHr ľleTpyíueBCKaíi, Be^a, no onpezie- JieHHK) KpHTHKa H. HßaHOBOH, «nOHCKH HOBOH UejIbHOCTH, B03HHKaK>- meň Ha 3CTeTHHecKOM pa3Bajie HMnepcKoro cthjih», B03Bpamaa b jih-TepaTypy «miacTbi >kh3hh, eio, jíHTepaTypoň, xaHxecKH npe3npae-Mbie». B cKpynyjie3HO BocnpoH3BefleHHbix «cjiynaax» aBTopcKoe otho-uieHHe CKa3biBaeTca, KOHenHO xe, He b HaHBHOM MopajiH3aTopcTBe paCCKa3HHUbI, XOTH H OHO TOXe ÍIBJIfleTCH COCTaBJIHIOlUHM aBTOpCKOH II03HUHH, ho b caMOM #boíikom Ha3BaHHn UHKíia. CTpauiHbie «c;iy-naH» — sto cop, Hecepbe3Hoe, Bpoae h He JíHTepaTypa BOBce, ho sto to, neM XHByr MHorae jnoflH, hto y hhx HaxouHT otktihk b otjihhhc ot HeHCKpeHHero meojionraHpoBaHHoro o4)HiiH03Horo HCKyccTBa, Ha-BH3biBaeMoro iiiKOJibHbiM BocnHTaHHeM, ra3eTaMH h paflHO. 3to h to, HTO BbipbIBaeTCH H3 HiyÔHHbl ÄyiUH KaK HeHTO JIHpHHeCKOe — «necHH». B uHKJie «necHH BOCTOHHbix cjiaBHH» HajiHHo OTrajiKHBaHHe ot nyiii-KHHCKHX «neceH 3anaiiHbix onaBflH». Ho penb 3necb, bhuhmo, cjie/iyeT BeCTH He CTOJIbKO O MHHHHH H TeMaTHHeCKOH nepeKJIHHKe, XOTH H 3TO HMeeT MeCTO, CKO^bKO O IIOJieMHHHOCTH H JlSÚKt napOflHHHOCTH 3aniaBHH h xaHpoBoro onpeae^eHHH y rieTpyírieBCKOH no cpaBHeHHK) c nyuiKHHCKHM. HMeHHO b HeM cocpeaoToneHa r^aBHaa cyrb aBTop- CKOH n03HIIHH. 334 H y nyiiiKHHa, h y FleTpyíiieBCKOH b aaHHOM c^ynae mm HMeeM eJIO C ^HTepaTypHblMH MHCTH4)HKaUHiIMH, uejib KOTOpblX C03aaTb Ta- le npoH3BeaeHna, r^e, no c^oBaM ľ. MaKoroHeHKo, «Hapoa cbo-~aHO paccKa3biBaji 6bi o ce6e». JJjm stoto Hcnojib3yeTca «nyxoe» c^obo aCCKa3HHKa. MHCTH4)HKaiIHa, COÔCTBeHHO, H COCTOHT B yKa3aHHH Ha ocTOBepHOCTb HCTOHHHKOB (y IlyuiKHHa HKo6bi nepeBoa, a no cyrH ojibHoe nepe^oxeHne hji^hphhckhx neceH «3 côopHHKa n. MepHMe ľy3Jia», KOTopbiii caM hb^hctch MHCTH^HKaiiHeň, y neTpymeBCKoň — cJibimaHHbie «c^ynan»), a Taicxe paccKa3HHKOB (y riyimcHHa — neB- bi-ry3Jiapbi, 6Horpa4)HH o^Horo H3 hhx npHBO^HTCH b HHKJie, y neT- ymeBCKoň — 6e3biMHHHaa xeHLUHHa h3 Hapoaa). TaM h 3^ecb nepea HTaTejieM HMHTauHH 4>o^bKJiopa, OTHOCHineroca, o^HaKO, k pa3HbiM noxaM: y nyuiKHHa — ko BpeMeHH naTpHapxajibHO-poaoBoro CTpoa, neTpyíueBCKoň — k HaniHM äH5IM, (pojibKJiopa, npHHaaJiexamero aBHHaM — y nyuiKHHa 3anaflHbiM, a TOHHee ioro-3anaaHbiM, y neT- yiueBcKOH — BocTOHHbiM. üo npoH3Be^eHHaM no^oĎHoro xapaKTepa "o>kho cynHTb o tom, hto npHB^eKaeT BHHMaHHe xyaoxHHKa B MHpo- i33peHHH Hapoaa, ero 3THKe h sctcthkc B 4>ojibKJiopHbix necHíix Bceraa oth6tjihbo cjibimajiacb repoHHecKaa "Ma, CBH3aHHaa c 6opb6oň Hapo^a npoTHB HH03eMHbix 3aBoeBaTejieň. CTb OHa h b HHKJiax H3BecTHeňiiiHX ^HTepaTypHbix HMHTaiiHň: b «noa-"ax OccHaHa» flx. MaK(J)epcoHa, b «ry3jie» n. MepHMe, b «necHHX "najiHbix cjiaBjm» A. rTyniKHHa. B uHKJie «neceH...» nerpyuieBCKOH 3Ta "Ma nojiHOCTbio oTcyrcTByeT. Xoth aeňcTBHe MHorax «onynaeB» nponc-"flHT bo BpeMH BejíHKOH OTeHecTBeHHOH BoiÍHbi, BHHMaHHe paccKa3- Ubl COCpeaOTOHeHO HCKJIIOHHTe^bHO Ha ÔbITOBOM. B OCTajIbHOM xe Te- THKa iíHKJioB nepeiaíHKaeTCH. Ohm paccKa3biBaiOT o HenoroiTHOM, HHCTBeHHOM, MHCTHHecKOM, nopaxaioineM BooôpaxeHHe npocToro JiOBeKa. noBecTBOBaHHe paccKa3HHKOB npoHHKHyrbi xaxnoň cnpa- "aHHBOCTH H B03Me3aH5I 3JIMM CH^aM. OflHaKO HaHBHO-naHTeHCTHHe- iň HapoflHbiň B3rjiíia Ha xapaKTep B3aHMOOTHOiueHHH xhbmx h yMep-íx b HHTepnpeTauHH nymicHHa npoHH3aH cbohctbchhoh ero nos3HH eTJiOH nenajibio, b to BpeMH KaK b unicne neTpymeBCKoň HyBcreyeTCH "xaTojiorHHecKHH yxac coBpeMeHHoro ne^OBeKa, Hamero cooTeHecTBeH-Ka, KaK 6bi BocnpoH3BOflHTCH ero noaco3HaHHe — pe3y^bTaT «ncn- "naTojiorHH oobweHHoň xh3hh» (3.peňa). B Ha3BaHHH, KaK h b HpoBOM onpcuejieHHH, oinymaeTCH ropbKaa aBTopcKaa hpohhh. KaK BcnoMHHTb BOCKJiHuaHHe HeKpacoBa, cJibiiuaBiuero 3ayHbiBHoe Hne ôyp^aKOB: «3tot ctoh y Hac necHeň 30BeTca!» Bbixo^HT, crpam- le HCTOpHHKH H eCTb neCHH BOCTOHHbIX C^aBHH, a HMeHHO pyCCKHX, BeTCKHX c^aBaH, KaK cKa3aji 6bi K. PbmeeB, «nepepo^HBuinxca». 06o6maioiHHe xaHpoBbie onpeaejieHHH paccKa30B, aaHHbie nnca- JibHHueH (xpoHHKa, cKa3KH, peKBHeMbi, c^ynaH, necHH), JioMaa HBbiHHbie npeacTaRneHHH o xaHpe, no3BOJiaioT HenpepbiBHO nepe- aHBaTb yro^ HHTaTejibCKoro 3peHna Ha aeHCTBHTe^bHocTb, BOcnH- BaioT HOBoe xyaoxecTBeHHoe Mbiin^eHHe. npo3a neTpyíueBCKoň bo 335 MHoroM npoflOJDKaeT ee apaMaTypraio KaK b TeMaTHHecKOM imaHe, TaK h b imaHe HcnoJib30BaHHa xyaojKecTBeHHbix npneMOB. ITpoH3Be,ae-HHH nHcaTenbHHUbi npcacraBJiaiOT coôoň CBoeo6pa3Hyio SHUHioione- aUíO XeHCKOH 2CH3HH OT IOHOCTH flO CTapOCTH. TaK, B IJHKJiaX «HCTO- PHH» h «Mohojioth» nepea HHTarejieM npoxoaHT nejiaa Bepemina hhhcm He npHMenaTe^bHbix .neBymeK c hx He3aMbicjioBaTbiMH >KH3HeHHMMH nepHneTHHMH {«upuKinoneHua Bepu», «Hcmopua Kaapuccbi», «Cme-Ha», «Centu u AoeyuiKu», «lOnocmb»). /Jjia repoHHb hhcto no-xeHCKH BaacHo ycTpoHTbCH, 3aKpenHTbCH b >kh3hh, BbDKHTb b Heň. ITeTpyuieB-CKaa coBepmeHHO CBoeoflHa ot npHBMHHbix iuTaMnoB connanbHoro aHanH3a, xapaKrepHoro ajifi 1960— 1970-x ro^oB, Koraa sth paccKa3bi co3flaBMHCb. He crpeMjieHHe nepeBbinojiHHTb nporaBoacTBeHHbiň roiaH, Bbi3BaTb Ha copeBHOBaHHe OTCTaiomyio ôpHraay h TOMy noaoÔHoe npn-BJieKaeT repoHHb nHcaTejibHHUbi. Macro eio HCcjicnyeTca (J)eHOMeH xeH- CKOrO BpaHb«, B KOTOpOM OHa BHflHT npOTHBOCTO»HHe XeCTOKOCTH 5KH3HH B «fl03aMy»ÍHIOIO» HJIH BOBCe B «6e33aMy>KHIOIO» nopy 5KCHCKO- ro 6biTHH. ITo3TOMy no othouichhio k repoHHaM cbohx paccKa30B «QcpHmca», «Cnaôbie kocth», «CMOTpoBaa miomailKa» aBTop, b ot- JIHHHe OT paCCKa3HHUbI (a HX n03HUHH RSülCKO He OflHHaKOBbl, KaK MoxeT noKa3aTbca Ha nepBbiň, noBepxHOCTHbiň, B3rjum), He BCTaeT b no3y rpo3Horo o6jiHHHTejia, CHHTaa, hto «jiojkb — CBHTaa Bemb, Kor-aa jdkct 6e33amHTHbiH, cnacaacb ot chjimímx». «MHe HpaBHTca, Koraa nejiOBeK BpeT o ce6e, a oxotho miy eMy b stom HaBcrpeny, npHBeT-CTByio sto h npHHHMaio KaK HHCTyio npaBfly, noTOMy hto 3to TaK h MOxeT OKa3aTbCH. 3to HHKaK He MemieT Moero OTHomeHHa k nejioBeKy. 3to ropa3flo jierne h npeKpacHee — npHHHMaTb nejiOBeKa TaKHM, Ka-khm oh xoneT caM ce6a npcacraBHTb», — noflTBep)Kii,aeT Kpe.no nnca-Te^bHHUbi repoHHH paccKa3a «Caobü». HnTaa ITeTpyiiieBCKyio cero^Ha, He yaHBjiaenibca, noneMy mho-thm ee paccKa3aM npumjiocb aojiro jiexaTb b crojie: Beflb nncana OHa O TOM, O HeM rOBOpHTb 6bIJIO He npHHHTO. OopMHpOBaHHe nCHXOJIO-THH npOCTHTyTKH, MHpOOmyineHHe 3anHBIUeň MaTepH-OßHHOHKH («JfoHb Kcenu», «Cmpana») npHBJieiüiH BHHMaHHe nHcaT&iibHHnbi 3anojiro no 6yMa xypHanHCTCKHX nyôjíHKauHH Ha no^oÔHbie TeMbi. Torfla, Koraa cHHTanocb, hto b Hamen jiHTepaType He MoxeT 6biTb TeMbi «MajieHbKoro nejiOBeKa» b tom CMbicjie, b KaKOM ee noHHManH b nponuiOM BeKe, ITeTpymeBCKafl noKa3ana TaKoro nejiOBeKa. YMHpa-eT b ôojibHHne noxHjiaa xeHUiHHa — oaHHOKaa h HHKOMy HeHyx-Haa, yMHpaeT «b rHOHme Ha CKB03HHKax b Kopimope». 3Ta 6e3bicxoa-Haa, TparHHHaa HCTopna hocht Ha3BaHHe «Kmo omeemum». Kto xs OTBeTHT 3a HeBHHHbie, 6eccHJibHbie CTapnecKHe cjie3bi Bepu ITeT-poBHbi? Koro BHHHTb? Bepa ITeTpoBHa «hh b neM He 6biJia BHHOBaTa. He BHHOBaTa — KaK h Bee mm», — oaH03HaHHo yTBepxflaeT aBTop, HeniacHO 3acTaBJiaa HHTaTejia ycoMHHTbca b 6e3flyMHO-6oflpflHecKoň ^opuyjie, hto, mo^, ne^oBeK caM h TO^bKO caM Ky3Heu CBoero cnacTbfl. 336 3aMeTHaa (J)Hrypa cpeflH npoHHX xchckhx nepcoHaxeň ITeTpy- IUeBCKOH — XeHLUHHa-MaTb. MaTepHHCTBO — 3TO H nOHCKH KaK 6bl B nOTeMKaX HeBHflHMblX, HO Xe^aHHblX CBH3eň C pOflHbIM He^OBeKOM («CAyiaü Eozopoduu.bi»), h HepeflKO HeyMe^bie noTyrn BoenHTaHHH bo HMH jioxHO noHHToro CHacTbH CBoero flHTHTH (paccKa3 «Mucmu-Ka» H3 uHioia «PeiceueMbi», 1990), h Bceraa — ycH^ne no cnaceHHio coôcTBeHHoro peôeHKa {«ľuzuena» h3 nnioia «Cümu xopouiu», 1990; «Mecmb» H3 «ITeceH boctohhmx c^aB«H», 1991). «^KemitHHa c^aôa h HepeuiHTe^bHa, Koraa aejio KacaeTca ee ^hhho, ho OHa 3Bepb, Koraa HfleT penb o fleTHX», — 3anncbiBaeT b CBoeM flHeBHHKe repoHHa no-BecTH «BpeMH HOHb». HHoraa sto aaxe noflBnr, rpaHMHamnn c ca-Mono)KepTBOBaHHeM, KaK, HanpnMep, b noBecTH c noncTHHe uioko- BblM B03fleHCTBHeM «CbOH Kpyr». JIlOflH TaK COCpe^OTOHMBaiOTCfl Ha ce6e, hto He bhaht h He cjibimaT CBoero ô^HXHero, h htoöm npoöy- flHTb HX OT 3TOÍÍ T^yXOTbl, MaTb H3ÔHBaeT B KpOBb HH B HeM He nO- BHHHoro coôcTBeHHoro cbma, aaöbi ohh, b tom HHC^e OTen MajibHH-Ka, B03MyTH^HCb h He aanH crHHyrb peôeHKy b actckom flOMe, TaK KaK caMa OHa 3HaeT, hto CKopo yMpeT. Kphthk B.KaMHHOB yBHfle^ npHMyio 3aBHCHMOCTb (J)opMHpoBaHHH yMa HauiHX corpaxaaH ot «npaK-THKH ^ornnecKHX ynoBOK h cneKy^HUHH», ot HccyuiaiomHx ynpaacHe- HHH «B nyCTOH, HO npe^nHCaHHOH CO(J)HCTHKe», HaBH3aHHbIX TOTajIH- ; TapH3MOM. «H pa3Be He o tom paccKa3ajia JI. TleipyineBCKaíi, — nnuieT ■ kphthk, — KaK 5KCHCKHH yM ee repoHHH CTan yMOM-H3BpameHueM, ŕ BbiyHH^cfl flOBOfl HaHH3biBaTb Ha flOBOfl, öy^TO Kojnonyio npoBonoKy pa3MaTbiBaTb, ^aöbi on^ecTH eio h noaaBHTb ecTecTBO?» ^a, mm, ce6e Ha rope, npnTepne^HCb k aôcypay >kh3hh b HauieM connyMe h coraa-maeMCH c hhm, noKa öecnomaiiHbie b3pmbm, noaoÖHbie TeM, koto-pbie ocymecTBJiaeT b CBoeň npo3e JI. neTpyuieBCKaa, He npHKOBMBa-K)T k 3TOMy aöcypay Haine BHHMaHHe. neTpymeBCKaa cmotpht Ha aôcypa xh3hh no-xeHCKH, a 3HanHT, b nepByio onepeflb, no-MaTepHHCKH. Hy pa3Be He He^enocTb, ec^H OTen s 3aBHjiyeT TanaHTaM h bhcuihocth npHHTejien aonepH, a Ha coôctbch- Horo HeTanaHT^HBoro, rHH^03y6oro h TOHKOHororo cbma nocTOHHHO KpHHHT? Pa3flpa*eHHe ero naeT, B03MoacHO, h He ot stoto, ho «eH- m,HHa-paccKa3HHua BcnoMHHaeT Bee hmchho TaK: «Ko^a, a ayMaio, BbmeTe^ KaK npoÔKa h3 Hamero ceMeňHoro rHe3^,a, htoöm He BHUeTb • CBoero oô^HToro mohoh cbiHa, Ha tohkhx Horax, apoxamero b mok- - pbix Tpycax. Koraa Ko^a b nepBMH pa3 3acran, npocHyBuiHCb ot Ajie- uiHHoro miana, 3to 6e3o6pa3He, oh caaaHy^ Ajiemy npaMO no meKe ^ianoHbio, h Ajiema noKaTH^ca oöpaTHO Ha cboio MOKpyro, KHC^yro nocTenb». 3Ta HaTypa^HCTHnecKaa cneHa no^Ha noaiiHHHO MaTepHH- CKOH 6ohh. He MO)KeT h He flOJijKHO poflHoe flHTH 6biTb ana poflHTejieíí ' hh HeKpacHBMM, hh nocTMJiMM. H TeM 6o^ee ycHJiHBaeTca BnenaT^e- ■HHe aôcypaa ot toto, hto ec^H My^cHHHa-OTen aeňcTByeT nofloÔHMM :o6pa30M nofl B^naHHeM ceKyníHoro HMnyribca, to xeHUiHHa-MaTb co- BepmaeT to xe caMoe oôayMaHHO h oco3HaHHo, npecneaya cnacH- 337 TejibHyio ona CBoero peôeHKa nejib, TaK KaK ähh kkh Hee, 6ojibHoíí HeH3JieHHM0H 60Jie3HbK>, COHTeHbI. B 3TOH noBecTH IleTpyiiieBCKaH ßnarHocrapyeT CBoero po^a couh-ajibHyio 6o^e3Hb: crpeMJieHHe yňra ot ce6a, ot CBoero Bbiôopa b mo-pajib «KpyroByio», 6oH3Hb OKa3aTbca Hae^HHe c caMHM co6oň. Kabbln b yroay KaKHM-To HenncaHbiM npaBHJiaM HipaeT He CBoňcTBeHHyio eMy pojib. KaK 6bi xejiaa npcwimb MOJiOÄOCTb, repoH noBecTH, b no-aaB^HiomeM 6ojibuiHHCTBe otum h MaTepn, coonpaioTCii TecHOíí kom-naHHeň no irarHHuaM 3a 3acTOJibeM, BiononaioT Ha bcio rpoMKOCTb MarHHTO(J)OH, Meiuaa cnaTb Bceň yjinne, h TaKHM o6pa30M HaTjoKHo BecejMTca. Hx pa3BjieHeHHH cjiobho iuioxoh TeaTp. Ckpomhmh Tpyxe-HHK )Kopa, no HonaM KopnaiuHň Hau ÄHccepTanneH jluh CBoeň xeHbi, OTeu TpoHx neieň, H3o6pa>KaeT HeHacbiTHoro apoTOMaHa, bmkphkh- BaeT B (J)OpTOHKy npOXOÄflLUHM IUKOJIbHHKaM CKa6pe3HOCTH. JleHKa MapnyKaňTe, «cymecTBO coBepmeHHO xojiOÄHoe», 3anpocTO «mnoxa-eTCH» Ha kojichh k jno6oMy MyxHHHe, «nrpaa b ceKcyajibHbie Hrpbi c öojibiiiHM xjiaíHOKpoBHeM». MapHina noÄiZepxHBaeT pojib ôoxecTBa, AHapeň-cTyKan — poMaHranecKyio pojib 6pomeHHOro Myxa, a noTO-My h npHBO^HT pa3Hbix HeoöbiHHbix ÄeBHU THna Haan c BbiKaTbiBaio-iUHMCH Ha meKy, «KaK hhuo BCMHTKy», ma30M, KOTopaa b cboio one-pe^b, 6yzryHH no Bimy «hhm^ctkoh», «HcnopHeHHoň», CTpoHT H3 ce6a «6a6y»: «to-to OHa CBapHjia, TaK-To Anupeň nun h oHa ero He nycKa-jia». Cepx npeacTaBJífleTca reHnajibHbiM HenpH3HaHHHM H3o6peTaTe-jieM, Hy a caiwa repoHHíi-paccKasTOna BbiônpaeT Macxy HeyMHoň, 6ec-TaKTHoň oxajibHHUbi. HyíKflbie po™ HyxcHbi hm, hto6h He nyBCTBOBaTb cboio MajiosHaHHTe^bHocTb, HTOÔbi oÔMaHbiBaTbCH CBoeň npnoômeH-HOCTbio k neMy-TO, ooteAHHflioineMy hx Bcex. Hto »ce KacaeTCH paccKa3-MHUbi, HeHaueHHMO 6ojibHoň xceHUiHHbi, ee pacneT 0Ka3ajica BepHbiM: osaôoqeHHbie noanepacaHHeM penyrauHH CBoero Kpyra, 3th jikwh bo hmh, TaK CKa3aTb, «KopnopaTHBHbix» HHTepecoB cnocoÔHM no-HacToa-meMy cnaoTHTbCH, qTO, KaK OHa HajieeTca, h cnaceT ee cbiHa-cnpoTy. Mhmo BHHMaHHH nHcaTejibHHUbi He npoine;i He3aMeHeHHMM h Ta-KOH napaflOKC Hamero THXKOro BpeMeHH: xeHiUHHa-MaTb-ycTpoHTanb-HHua HBJíaeTCfl OßHOBpeMeHHO h pa3pyinHTeabHHueň 5km3hh ny>KHx jnofleň, CBOHx 6jih3khx, a TaioKe h CBoeň coôctbchhoh. «Tyr OHa Bop-Bajiacb h Bce nepeBepHyna, — BcnoMHHaeT b «hohhom flHeBHHKe» o 6biBiueň xeHe CBoero Myxa repoHHa noBecTH «BpeMH HOHb» h aajiee c BoexHmeHHeM npoÄO^xaeT: — yMHHua, xeHLUHHa c acaxyioo pa3py-uieHHH, OHH MHoroe C03ítaioT! Pa3pyiiiHTCH, numb, HOBoe 3ejieHeeT HTO-To pa3pyiiiHTejibHoe Toxe, KaK-to no kocthm ceôx coönpaeT h XHBeT, 3T0 MOH C^yHaň, 3TO npocTO a, npocTo h, h Toxe TaKOBa jvifi ÄPyrHX». B 3T0H nOBeCTH HaH »CeHCKHMH nOKO^eHHHMH OAHOH CeMbH npHMo-TaKH THroTeeT KaKoň-TO HacaeflCTBeHHbiH poK, h6o TeiuH no- HeMy-TO BCeríta CHHTaiOT CBOHM ÄOarOM HCnopTHTb XH3Hb 3HTbHM H BbiCTaBHTb hx H3 ceMbH. repoHH>i-paccKa3HHua TpaTHT HeMaJIO CH^, HTo6bi xeHHTb Ha CBoeň 6epeMeHHoň Ronepu ee OÄHOKypcHHKa, a 338 3aTe\f npHiuiaíbiBaeT He MeHbiue ycitfíHH, *íTo6bi BbCKHTb ero H3 KBap-THpbi: «O HeHaBHCTb TemH, Tbi peBHOCTb h HHHTO Äpyroe!» 3flecb TaK-yxe 4)HKCHpyeTca nHcaTe^bHHueň a6cypü xh3hh, omyTHMbiö noHTH b Ka»caoM ee paccKa3e. XyÄO>KecTBeHHbiH mctoä ITeTpyiiieBCKOH, b ko-TopoM coneTaioTCH 6biTOBH3M, (|>H3HOjiorHfl, HarHeTaHHe TeMHbix Kpa-coK h HarpoMO*meHHe Heaenbix CTopoH cymecTBOBaHHH c HenpeMeH-HbiM (J)h^oco4)ckhm o6o6meHHeM, coBpeMeHHaa KpHTHKa Ha3biBaeT euneppea/iu3MOM. IloBecTb «BpeMa Ho^b» — apKoe BoroiomeHHe stoto MeToaa. B HOHHbix 3anHCHx repoHHH-noBecTBOBareJibHHUbi — ôeacrByio-meň nosTeccbi — TparanecKH npaB^HBo h xecTKO OTpaxeHa acH3Hb Hameň coBpeMeHHHUbi, 0Ka3aBineňcH b 3ananHe: Ha pyKax 6pouieH-Hbiií MajioaeTHHH BHyK, a ro^OBa 6ojiht o HenyreBOH aonepH — iohoh MaMame-OÄHHOHKe, KaK-TO He cyMeBineíí bot yxe b TpeTHH pa3 y6e-peMbCH ot c^ynaňHOH GepeMeHHOCTH, o BepHyBineMca H3 TiopbMbi aji-ÍKorojíHKe CbiHe, o BnaBiueři b iwapa3M CTapyxe MaTepn. Be^HOCTb h 'conyTCTByiomHe eň yHHJKeHHfl, rpa3b MopajibHaa h 4>H3HHecKaa, pac-CMaTpHBaHHe oTBpaTHTe^bHbix acHpoBbix oT^oxeHHH cTapeiomero xeH-"ícKoro Tejia h nenajibHoe 3pe^Hme He^OBenecKoro Hcxoíta, Koraa CTa-pbix Go^bHbix jiKweň Ha3MBaioT He HHane KaK «OTÔpocaMH», — bot icoaepxaHHe 3Toro bo mhoidm nporpaMMHoro juifi neTpymeBCKOH npoH3Be,zieHHH. Ee repoHHa-paccKa3HHua HMeeT ^Hiiib xajiKyio bo3-MOJKHOCTb peajiH3auHH ^HTepaTypHoro Rapa — «b npoH3BeaeHHíix hc-ÍKyccTBa pa30Boro ynoTpeôJieHHH», t. e. b cocTasjieHHH OTKa30B Ha npn-CJiaHHbie b xypHaji pyKonHCH, nocKO^bKy peziaKTop He jik>6ht hobhx BTOpoB, a ee flOHb npoHB^aeT cboh yHac^eflOBaHHbie ot MaTepn cno- OÔHOCTH TO^bKO B TaHHOM ÄHeBHHKe, ľ^e TaJiaHT^HBO OnHCblBaeT nycToiiiHBinyio ee onepeíiHyio «hctophio» c onepeflHbiM MyacMHHOň. ,3H Hau BceM 3THM yflapbi Tonopa coceaKH Hiopkh, pyôameH kocth, ?hto6m CBapHTb H3 HHX cyn CBoeMy MHoro^Hc^eHHOMy ceMeťíCTBy, — iynapbi, pa3ítaiouiHecfl b hohh, KaK nocrynb Cyflbôbi, KaK chmbo^ HHmeTbi, HaBHcmeö He TO^bKO Haa repoíiMH noBecTH. BpeMH Ho^b — Koraa oenaei cboh 3anHCH «Ha Kpaio CTo^a» repoHHa. BpeM« HOHb — BpeMH ayXOBHOH TbMbI H ÔecnpOCBCTHOrO OTHaflHHH Bcero COBpeMeH- oro MHpa, oKa3aBinerocH b TynHKe. B noBecTH «MajieHbKOH ľpo3HOH» (1998) ITeTpyuieBCKaa BHOBb 06-aTHJiacb k flecaKpa^H30BaHHoň eio TeMe MaTepHHCTBa. TepoHHíi poH3BeaeHHH — xeHa BbicoKonocTaaneHHoro coBeTCKOro hhhobhh-ka. B ee cy^böe HaiiuiH OTpaxeHHe HCTopn^ecKne npoueccw CTajiHH-,CKO-6pe>KHeBCKOH anoxH: noayneHHe ceMeňcTBOM Tpo3Hbix orpoMHoň 150-MeTpoBoÄ KBapTHpbi bo BpeMeHa penpeccHH, 3aTeM, noc^e CMep-TH CTajiHHa, B03HHKinaa Heooxo^HMOCTb äjih repoHHH häth pa6o-íraTb — npenoítaBaTb HayHHbiň KOMMyHH3M, Hexe^aTe^bHbie nepeMe-Hbi b cneiipacnpeflejieHHH naüKOB, CMepTb Myxa o^HOBpeMeHHO c 'pOKHeBbIM. Tpo3Haa BocnpHHHMaeT ceÖH rae-TO aax& repoHqecKH. OHa «aep-ajia ÄHeTy» jma Myxa, yxaacHBajia 3a cbiHOM-KajieKOH. Ee OTHOuieHHe 339 k napTHHHocTH cxoxe c pejiHrH03HbiM. OHa He npHHHMaeT nacTHOň COÔCTBeHHOCTH, HCnOBejjyeT HHCTOTy KaK MOpajIbHblH npHHUHn. BblC- mafl pocKOiiib jxjm Hee — HHCTOTa ypojuiHBbix Bemeň. U,eHoň nojiaBJíe- HHfl B CBOHX ľOCTflX n03bIBOB eCTeCTBa OHa XpaHHT B HHCTOTe co6- CTBeHHbiň ÔJiHcraiomHH yHHTa3. CHHTafl MorHJiy cbma noflBeaoMCTBeH-HOň TeppnTopneň, BbinafibiBaeT Ha Heň UBeTbi, nocaaceHHbie ero xe-HOH h aeTbMH. B to xe BpeMH OHa He 0TKa3biBaeTCH ot nojioxeHHoro napTHHHoro naňKa; yBepeHHafl b cbohx 6ÓJibiiiHX npaBax no cpaBHe-HHK) c apyrHMH, 3apaHee BbiMepneT cbokj coôcTBeHHyio Morajiy Ha npecTHXHOM loia/iÔHme. 3Ta xeHiHHHa onpaB/ibiBaeT cbok» (paMHJinio ôojibme, neM ee Tpy- COBaTblH MJOK. OHa COBepiHHJia MHOXeCTBO 3JIOaeflHHH npoTHB co6-CTBeHHHX HeCHaCTHblX CblHOBeÄ, HeBeCTOK H BHyKOB, npOTHB CBoeň KaBKa3CKOH pOflHH — H BCe paflH TOTO, HTOÔbl HHKOrO He nyCTHTb B orpoMHyK) KBapTHpy. CueHbi n3raaHHH H3 KBapTHpbi jxeTeň h hx ce-MeňcTB noHTH ÔHÔJieňcKHe. TepoHHe yjxaeTCfl coxpaHHTb ceMeňHbiň jtom, ho npH 3TOM oh CTaHOBHTCH coBepuieHHO nycTbiM. B o6pa3e «MajieHb-KOH rpo3HOH» nHcaTejibHHua noKa3ajia He CTOJibKO hobmíí THn repo- HHH, CKOJIbKO eiil,e OflHH THn He-5KH3HH. B 2004 r. Bbimeji hobmíí poMaH ITeTpyiiieBCKoii «Hojwep Odun, wtu B cadax dpyeux eo3MOJKHOcmeü», b CTHJiHcraice KOToporo coneTaiOTCfl (pmiocofpCKHH rpoTecK, npn3HaKH 3THorpa(pHqecKoro, a TaioKe (paH- TaCTHHeCKOrO OCipOCKUKeTHOľO IIOBeCTBOBaHHfl. B nocjieflHee jiecflTHjieTHe hmh IleTpyuieBCKOH CTajio noHBJíHTbCH h b nosTHHecKHx pyôpHKax xypHajiOB. HanHcaHHbie BepjinôpoM «Ka-poM3UH» (Hobmíí MHp. — 1994. — N° 9) c nojuarojiOBKOM «ŽlepeBeH-CKHH ^HeBHHK» h «H3 AettiHux 3anuceü» c no/i3arojiOBKOM «Kapaiw- 3HHOaepeBeHCKHH JIHeBHHK» (OKTflÔpb. — 2002. — N° 3) BbI3bIBaK)T B naMHTH Ha3BaHne npoH3Be/ieHHfl E(pHMa JXopowa 1960-x ro/iOB, cto-Huiero y hctokob jjepeBeHCKOH npo3bi, b kotopom aBTop, noxajiyň, BnepBbie b nocjieBoeHHoň JíHTepaType nocMOTpeji Ha cejibCKHX xh-Tejieň rjia3aMH ropojicKoro HejiOBeKa h yBH/jeji b hhx He npoH3BojiH-TejibHyio CHJiy, a «noHBy», a b caMoň jjepeBHe — HauHOHajibHbie hctokh. BnpoHeM, HecMOTpa Ha 3Ty BcnjibiBiuyio acconnauHio, cmmcji nepBoro no/xsarojiOBKa b o6meM-TO HeňTpajieH. flpyroe jiejio — oc-HOBHoň 3arojioBOK h cjiojKHoe o6pa30BaHHe «KapaM3HH0/iepeBeHCKHH». Hy npn neM 3flecb KapaM3HH? Be/ib He o caMOM nncaTejie h He o ero repoflx roBopHTCH b neTpymeBCKHX Bepjinôpax. He orroro jih, hto H.M.KapaM3HH Hanncaji «HcTopnio ľocyjiapcTBa PoccnňcKoro», HanaB ee c jipeBHHX nJieMeH Hauinx JiajieKHX npejiKOB h jioBe/ifl n.o Hanajia XVII b., a IleTpyíiieBCKaH Toxe 6epeT Ha ce6« CBoeo6pa3HyK) MHCCHK) HCTOpHKa, ÄBHXHMOrO HeOOXO^HMOCTbK) 3aneHaT^eTb Hbl- HeuiHioio Pocchk) pyôexa XX—XXI CTO^eTHň? Orcio/ja TaKne CTpo-kh: «h I eduHcmeeuHbiü ceudemejib (3/jecb h aanee BbwejieHo mhoh. — ľ. ľl.) I KpoMe Me Ha HHKoro / b stom / TeaTpe // qTO 6y^eT / ecjiH fi OTBepHycb / Bce nponajio». 340 /lepeBeHCKne 3apHCOBKH ľleTpyuieBCKOH o XMTbe-ÔMTbe nocTne-pecTpoeHHoň rjiyÔHHKH Ha OKe c xapaicrepHOH jum nncaTe^bHHUbi H^^K)3Heň aBTo6norpa(pH3Ma Hecyr HeKOTopbiň HajieT HflHJuiHHHOCTH co cjiaôoň ajiJiK)3HeH Ha aepxaBHHCKoe «EßreHHK). )KH3Hb 3BaHCKafl». OflHaKO waBHoe omymeHne — xecTKOCTb B3rjifliia aBTopa Ha Hauiy pOCCHHCKyK) ^eňCTBHTejIbHOCTb, BbipaxaiOlHaflCfl B ÔeCXHTpOCTHblX H Hepe/iKO CTpaiiiHbix hctophhx «oaHOce^bnaHOK». Ha /iBope KOHen 2 Tbicjiqe^eTHfl, a KpecTbflHHH b xo3nňCTBe hc-no^b3yeT poraTHHy: «MyxHK CKa3aji / ot nero ym^H / k TOMy npn-uiJiH // ho sto yxe He 1917 / aaxe He cjiaBHbiň 1913 / sto mjih. jiět ao H. 3.!». H onflTb nepeKjiHHKa, Ha stot pa3 c rjiaBoň o «TpyaoBOM cy66oT-HHKe» M3 nosMbi B. MaflKOBCKoro «Xopomo!» («C0UHaJIH3M — 3TO CBOÔoaHbiH Tpya CBo6oflHO coGpaBiuHXCH JiKJfleň»). B noaoÔHOM, ho napo/iHňHO-HpoHHqecKOM anióne H3o6paxaioTCfl y neTpymeBCKOň ce-HOKOc h «no^oTbôa»: «Toxe KaTopra / noTOMy hto Bce JieTO / sto / CBOÖoflHoe flejio / cboôoähmx ^Ktaeň». H ;io6aBJiHeTCH: «ôohíhuxch eo-Aoda». Ilepefl HHTaTejieM npeacTaeT HeMajio KapTHH Hameň HejinuenpHHT-hoh aeíícTBHTe^bHOCTH: ceMeHHbie apaMM, CKBepHOCjioBHe, ajiKoro- JIH3M. HerO CTOHT XOTfl 6bl THnHHHafl HCTOpHfl BbIMOraTeJlbCTBa 6yTbUI- KH bo^kh «roHHOM H3 Aíhho», npHBe3iiiHM paMy paccKa34Hne! Tpa-rHKOMHHecKoe 3ByqaHHe 3aecb ycnjiHBaeT petppeH c ÔHÔJieňCKoň aji-jiK)3Heň: «eMy Be/ib 6bma BecTb / oh nepBbiň BbinbeT 3^ecb». Tyr, KCTaTH, eaHHCTBeHHMH pa3 h ynoMHHaeTCH KapaM3HH: «Kaac-aa« aocKa / no^u / noTOJiKH // hctophh BbinHToň // ôyra- / ^kh // KapaM3HH 6^hh / rae th». H b to xe BpeMH b nocjieaHKJK) Heae^ro npeôwBaHHH b aepeBHe paccKa34Hna He MoxeT He BocioíHKHyTb: «KaK xopouia acH3Hb!». B CTaTbe «Mnp oôpaTHoň /íHajieKTHKH» kphthk M. PeMH30Ba nnca-jia o tom, 4T0 y neTpymeBCKOň hct onno3HuHH «aa» h «hct» — ecTb no3HuHH «h to h flpyroe». He o6 stom jih 3aKJiioHHTejibHbie ctpokh ojthoh H3 rjiaB «KapaM3HHa»: «He CHHMeiiib / He CHHMeiiib / khho npo XH3Hb // <...> XH3Hb B006lU,e / HeJIb3fl / HaÔJIKJJTaTb CO CTOpOHbl // OHa HenpHJiHHHa // 6e33am,HTHa // cmotph Ha 3Be3jjbi / b aBrycTe h AHBape // Ha pomy b Mae / h b MapTe // ohh BeJiHHecTBeHHbi // Bce ocTajibHoe / TaK MejiKo // ho max awôumo». KaK Bcerjia y neTpymeBCKOň, b BbiBO/re coflepxHTCfl 3(p(peKT HapymeHHfl ojKHflaHHH. rieTpyíiieBCKafl nniueT kh3hh yMep- 1IIHX B KOpOTKHX «PeKBHeMaX», nOCBHLUeHHblX HM, HJIH SCXaTOJIOrH- HecKHH yxac noTOMKOB «nepepoflHBiiiHXCH» cjiaBHH, nncaTejibHHua oÖHaxaeT pa3opBaHHocTb co3HaHH*i nejiOBeica h npnxo/xHT k BbiBojxy: npHHHHbi JxeryMaHH3au,HH KpoioTC« bo BHyrpeHHeH HecBo6o;xe hhjxh-BHjiyyMa. Aöcypjx KaK xyjxoxecTBeHHbiň npneM cnocoöeH noMOHb ho- BOMy y3HaBaHHK) flaBHO npHMCJIbKaBUIHXCfl hbjichhh. HCKyCCTBO XX B., OĎOraTHBUIHCb JXOCTHXeHHÍIMH MOJjepHH3Ma, BHecjio HeMajio KoppeKTHBOB b noHHMaHHe TepMHHa «jiHTepaTypHbifí repoíí». He Bcer/xa noBejxeHHe řepo« o6i>hchhmo HenpeMeHHO kohk-peTHoň coiiHajibHOH fleňcTBHTeJibHOCTbio. B OTflejibHbix ciiynanx oh MoxeT HHTepecoBaTb nHcaiejifl He KaK onpejxejieHHbiH HejioBenecKHH xapaKTep, ncuxoJiorHHecKHH THn, ho KaK aöcTpaKuxia, KaK jihuo, jxeň-CTByiomee b toh hjih hhoh cmyauHH, KOTopaa Hyaoia aBTopy jxjih npoBepKH KaKHX-JiHöo coôcTBeHHbix Mbicjieň. PaccKa3bi h noBecTH neTpyuieBCKOH — npHMepbi HeTpajxHUHOHHoň «jxpyroň» npo3M, rjxe OTcyrcTByeT HapoHHraa jxHnaKTHKa, yHHTejibCTBO no othoiuchhio k ^HTaTejíK), r/xe, KaK h b /xpaMaTypntH «hoboh bojihm», aaeTca ycra-HOBKa Ha Hrpy, ocTpaHeHHOCTb. IleTpyiiieBCKyK) HHTepecyioT hmchho CHTyauHH. JlHHHocTb xe paccMaTpHBaeTCH eio KaK KHpnuHHK oömero MHpo3aaHHH, KaK (pnrypa Ha maxMaTHoň jxockc no3TOMy Bp*m jih B03M0XH0 nOBep^Tb repoeB nHCaTejIbHHHbl npHBbWHblMH MepKaMH TH- nHHHOCTH, cjieayeT BHHMaTejibHee BjxyMaTbca b 3aKOHM HCKyccTBa, npHHüTbie caMHM xy/xoxHHKOM. H xoTfl Bce nepcoHaxH nncaTejibHH-ubi, jxaxe HeojiyineBjíeHHbie npe/xMeTbi {«Po3a», «jKwt-öbiA ôydujib-HUK» h t. n.), Hecyr lepTbi CBoero BpeMeHH, ohh npexjxe Bcero Jime-paTypHbi, KaK CKa3ajiH 6bi b npouuiOM ctojicthh, co3jxaHbi «jxjih hc-KyccTBa». npaBHjia jik>6oh nrpw HCKJiioHaiOT nojxcKa3Ky. npoH3Bejxe-HHH «apyroň» jíHTepaTypbi, He HaBíObiBaji aBTopcKyio TO^iKy 3peHHfl, npejxnojiaraiOT B03MOXHOCTb caMbix pa3JiHHHbix TOjiKOBaHHH, noôyx-flaioT HHTaTeJM k coTBopnecTBy. He no3TOMy jih neTpyuieBCKaa TaK jiioôht nncaTb CKa3KH — KaK jxjm fleTeň, TaK h ajm B3pocjibix, KaK jxjih HTeHHfl, TaK H J3JIÍI IIOCTaHOBKH Ha CUeHe? HppeaJIbHblH, CKa30HHbIH MHp BJieneT oGmine HHTarejibCKHX accounauHH. O neM KpoxoTHaa CKH3Ka «>KHJI-6bIJI ÔyjXHJIbHHK»? O TOM, MTO HHHerO He HajIO OTKJiaJXblBaTb Ha noTOM? Hto hhkto He BJiacTeH nepe/j cyzu>6oio? ^Ito HesaziaijiHBOMy repoio-öyjxHJibHHKy, 3aJxyMaBuieMy xeHHTbca, cjiejxoBajio 6bi CHanajia BbiôpaTb KOHKpeTHyio HeBecTy? Kto TaKHe ahhh Hy h Tera Ox H3 o/x-HOHMeHHOH (paHTacTHMecKoíí HCTopHH? Be33ainHTHaji cynpyxcecKafl napa, r^e Myx — nojjKaöjiynHHK, a MoxeT, Hao6opoT, MyacHHHa c 342 xapaKTepoM, — Bce 3aBHCHT ot Toro, c KaKoň HHTOHaiiHen oh npoH3- HOCHT CBOK) ejxHHCTBeHHyio penjiHKy «Hy!». no-pa3HOMy moxho npe/x- "TaBHTb ce6e TeTio Ox a apyrax nepcoHaxeft. ^HTaTejib hh Ha MraoBe- He He BbinycKaeTC3 H3 aTMOccpepw MHoro3HaHHOCTH. HyBCTByeTca, to TaKoíí npHHUHn aHajiH3a, KaK jiornnecKoe roBJieneHHe cyrH, He- flocTaTOHeH, ymepöeH. nepe/x HaMH JiHTepaTypa, noHHMaiomaa, hto BCHKaa KaTeropHHHOCTb cyxÄeHHíí ceroaHa He cpaöaTbiBaeT. 3aecb, ax. b no33HH, 6ojiee BaxcHO HacTpoeHHe, BwpaxeHHe aBTopcKoro iHpoomymeHHH, a OHO nacTO TparHHHO. CKa3KH neipyineBCKaa Haiajia nncaTb 30 jieT Ha3aji. 9to 6buiH CKa3- -nbecbi «^Ba OKOiiiKa» (1975), «HeMOJxaH MenyxH» (1975), «3ojioTaK THHH» (1986), nepBaK h3 hhx jxaxe ojxho BpeMK BxojxHJia b uiKOJibHyio pecTOMaTHK) /zra IV KJiacca. OcoöbiH HHTepec npeacraBJiiuiH CKa3KH HrBHCTHHecKHe, BOcnpoH3BO^HiHHe aeTCKyio peqb, TaKHe KaK «nycbKH HTbie» (1984). B 1990-e rojxbi CTajiH Bbixo/XHTb uejibie uHKJibi CKa30K CaTejIbHHUbl KaK B XCypHaJiaX, TaK H OT/XejIbHblMH H3JXaHHHMH: «CKH3KH B3pocjibix» (1990), «Heuernte KOTa BacHJiixa» (1991), «CKa3KH ma eü ceMbH» (1993), «CKa3KH, paccKa3aHHbie aeraM» (1993), «Hy, MaMa, /!» (1993) (uhkji ynocToeH npeMHH ByKepa b 1994 r.), «npocTbie h OJiuieÔHbie CKa3KH» (1996), «CKa3KH» (1997), «HacToamne cKa3KH» Í1997), «C^acTJiHBbie koiiikh» (2001), «Iopo/x cBeTa» (2003) h /xp. B 1996 r. 6biJio ony6jiHKOBaHO CKa30HHoe npoH3BejxeHHe KpynHOH opMbi — «KyKOjibHbiíí poMaH» «MmeHbican eoAiue6Huu,a», nepe3 roa oineauiee b cöopHHK «HacTOJmwe CKa3KH». B oöpameHHH neipyiueBCKOH k CKa3oqHOMy xaHpy kphthkh bhjxht TpaxeHHe MHoroiiBeTH« TajiaHTa nncaTeJibHHUbi (C. BaBHH), CTpeM-eHHe «noJXHiiTbca Han, 6mtom, HanoMHHTb o npeKpacHOM h bwco-om» (M.ľpoMOBa) h jxaxe CBoeo6pa3HbiH «btopoh tom "MepTBbix yiu"» (A.BepÔHeBa). HacTO CKa3KH nncaTeJibHHUbi hocht npHTieBbiH apaKTep («^eByuiKa Hoc», «^Be cecrpbi», «CKa3Ka o nacax», «KoTe-OK» h Äp.). íteficTBHTejibHo, cKa3KH neTpyuieBCKOH, ocoôeHHO ajxpecoBaHHbie eTHM, Hecyr b ceôe nojioxHTejibHbiň 3apjm jxoöpa, paJxocTb y3HaBa- "HH TpaJXHUHOHHblX CKa30MHbIX MOTHBOB H OCOBpeMCHeHHblX CKa30H- "bix repoeB, aaioT ycTaHOBKy Ha Becejiyio Hrpy, yaneKaTejibHoe cjio-OTBopnecTBo. HeTpyuieBCKaa — coaBTop cu,eHapH3 3HaMeHHToro yjibT(J3HJibMa K). HopiirreHHa «CKa3Ka CKa30K», yjxocToeHHoro Ha (pe-THBajie b JIoc-AHjixejiece (1984 r.) TpaH-npH «3a JiynuiHO MyjibT-HJIbM Bcex BpeMeH H HapOJXOB». H Bce xe, KaK, Ha Ham B3rjiíW, BepHo 3aMeqaeT O. GnaBHHKOBa b aTbe «neTpymeBCKaa h nycTOTa», sth cKa3KH, «kohchho, He pa3-eKaTejibHbie h He aeTCKHe — HMeHHO noTOMy, ito bo mhotom nocT-seHbi Ha aeTCKHX KoniMapax, ôjiaronojiyHHO 3a6biBaeMbix B3pocjibiM ejlOBeKOM». MHOrae CKa3KH — OCOÔeHHO «flHKHe >KHBOTHbie CKa3KH» 1993—1995), «npHKjno^eHHH yTK)ra h canora» (1998), «MopcKue OMOHHbie paccKa3bi» (2001) — CTajiH, c o/xhoh cTOpoHbi, KaK 6bi 343 yMeHbuieHHbíMH, a c apyroH — ôojiee apKO BbiCBeneHHHMH BapnaH-TaMH ee «HecKa30HH0H» npo3bi. OxHBiiiHe yrcorH h canorH pa3ľOBapH-BaioT Ha H3biKe «ôpaTBbi» h «Ha3HaqaioT cipeaioi» c pa36opKaMH. 06bi-BaTe^bCKH npo3H6aioT loion McTHcaaB, TapaxaH MaKCHM, CBHHba Anna, MOjib HHHa (He cjiyqaiiHo b TpaaHUHHX 6jiH3Koro k o63pHyraM H. OjieňHHKOBa ohh repoH He CKa30K o xhbothmx, a hmchho «ahkhx XHBOTHblX CKa30K>>). H3o6HayK>T MOJIOaeXHblM CJieHľOM CXOflHbie C «^HKHMH XHBOTHbIMH CKa3KaMH» «MopCKHe nOMOHHbie paCCKa3H» O noxojKfleHHKX-npHK-TCioqeHHflx Mefly3bi — b cymHoc™, cepua aHeicao-TOB nopoH c HenpHjiHHHMM orreHKOM. B flaHHOM cayqae moxho OTMe- THTb, MTO H3bIK CKa30K CTaHOBHTCH OCOÔeHHO paCKOBaHHbIM, HľHOpH- pyioiiíHM KaKHe-flHÔo Ta6y Ha ynorpeôjieHHe HenpHCTOHHbix cjiob, hto b o6meM-TO HBjíHeTCfl oflHOH H3 qepT coBpeMeHHOH JíHTepaTypw. Ta-KHM o6pa30M, h b cKa3oqHOM MaTepHajie nHcaTejibHHiia npexcae Bcero 4>HKCHpyeT BHHMaHHe Ha ypoflCTBax Hauieň xh3hh, c noMombio ca-THpHHecKoro 3aocTpeHHH, rpoTecKa co3aaBaa KapTHHy aöcypflHoro MHpa h b nexoBCKHX TpaflHííHHX pncya «McUieHbKoro qeflOBeKa» b hcm — «MafleHbKoro nejiOBeKa» co Been ero noiiraocTbio. npaBfla, b CKa30MH0M KnioHe rieTpyuieBCKafl nbiTaeTca peuiHTb h npoÔJieMy «nojioxHTejibHoň repoHHH». Eio craHOBHTCH Kyícna EapÔH — BapÔH Mama (hm» «EapÖH» coBpeMeHHbifl peöeHOK BOcnpHHHMaeT KaK CHHOHHM cjiOBa «KyKaa»). BapÔH Mama, noarorran c iiomohkh HHiuHM caenbiM yMejibueM fleflOM HßaHOM, tbopht floôpo, corpeBaeT CTapocTb npHioTHBiiiero h BepHyBiuero ee k xh3hh nejioBeKa, TepnHT noflJiocTH Kpbicbi Ba^bKH-BajibKHpHH h Tynoro 3aHKa-CHjibi TpH3-Horo, cnacaeT flpyrnx, ho ceo» 3amHTHTb He MoxeT. «B to xe Bpeiwi CTpyíoypa CKa3KH flaeT noHaTb, hto Bce sto He B3anpaBfly, hto Eap-6h... Ha caMOM aeae He cymecTByeT», — CHHTaeT O. CaaBHHKOBa. KaK, flOÔaBHM mm, He 6buio Ha caMOM aeae KopoHaiiHH MHorocTpaaaabHO-ro «npHHua c 30jiothmh BOJiocaMH» h3 oaHOHMeHHOň cKa3KH, h6o, KaK ca\f aBTop roBopHT b 4>HHajie, «KopoHaima HOBoro BJiaafciKM npo- H30HDia B fleTCKOH, H KOpOHy fleflyilIKa CKJieHJI H3 KapTOHa». H xoTH b CKa3Kax fljiH fleTeň IleTpyíiieBCKaH coxpaHaeT TpaaHUHOH-Hbiň CMacTJiHBbiH KOHeii, npHflyMaHHoe eio BOfluie6cTBO He 3arjtymaeT xecTOKOCTH OKpyxaiomeíí aeňcTBHTeabHocTH IleTpyuieBCKaH nnmeT 06 OTcyrcTBHH oômero CMbicjia >kh3hh. Mepe3 y3HaßaeMbie coiiHEuibHbie jihkh bhähtch Bceoöman pa3flpo6jieHHOCTb MHpa, ero 3biÔKOCTb h HenocTHXHMOCTb. ITo3TOMy h TOjiKOBaHHK ee npoH3BeaeHHH HepeaKO hocht B3aHMOHCKaioqaioin,HH xapaKTep. B npoH3BefleHHax JIioaMHabi ITeTpyiiieBCKOH npeacTaeT eMKHH chh- TeTHHeCKHH o6pa3 ÔblTHfl, BOCC03flaBaeMbIH C nOMOLUblO BTOpOH — xyaoxecTBeHHOH — peajibHoc™, CBoeo6pa3Hoň h HenoBTopHMOH. JIirrepaTypa IlempyiueecKax JI. C. Co6p. coh.: B 5 t. — M., 1996. TlempyíueecKaH JI. C. CnacTjiHBMe kouikh: CKa3KH. — M., 2001. 344 IlempyíueecKaH JI. C. PeKBHeMbi. — M., 2001. IlempyíueecKaH JI. C. HoMep OflHH, hjih B caaax apyrax bcomcokhoctch. — ; M., 2004. EaeuH C. u. 06biKHOBeHHbie hctophh (JIioaMiuia ľleTpyuieBCKaa): Bh6-jiHorpa4>HHecKHH onepK. — M., 1995. riucapeecKax ľ. ľ. Pojib nHTeparypHoň peMHHHCueHUHH b Ha3BaHHH UHíoia paccKa30B JI. IleTpyuieBCKOH «IlecHH boctomhhx cJiaBHH» // PyccKan jiHxepa-Typa XX BeKa: 06pa3, h3hk, Mbicjib. — M., 1995. — C.95—102. ľpoMoea M. H. .UpaMaryprHH JIioaMHJibi IleTpyíiteBCKoň // PyccKaa coBpe-' MeHHaaapaMaTyprHa: yne6. noco6He. — M., 1999. — C. 100—122. KxKiumo H. H. IIo3THKa npo3bi JI. IleTpyuieBCKOH (noBecTb «Cboh Kpyr») // PyccKaa jíHTeparypa XX BeKa: LUkojim, HanpaBJieHHH, Meroflbi TBopnecKoň pa-60Tbr. - M., 2002. - C. 541—552. CnaemiKoea O. nerpyíueBCKan h nycroTa // Bonpocbi jíHTepaTypbi. — 2000. — MapT—anpejib. — C. 47 — 61. Hjih: PyccKan JíHTeparypa XX BeKa b 3epKane kphthkh: XpecTOMaTHa. — M.; CII6., 2003. - C. 508 — 520. C.#.#OBJIATOB (1941-1990) Cepreň JJoHaTOBHH floBjiaTOB npHHajuioKHT k «TpeTbeň BOflHe» pyc- CKOH 3MHrpauHH. B 1978 r. oh yexaji b ÄMepHKy iio/j aaBneHHeM KTB. ITo J ycTOHBiueHCH coBeTCKOH TpaflHHHH, nyOJíHKaiíHa Ha 3anaae npoH3Be- fleHHH, HanHcaHHbix b CCCP: «Mbi» (1927) E.3aMHTHHa, «^OKTop yKHBaro» (1957) B. FlacTepHaKa, «XH3Hb h cy/iböa» (1981) B.ľpocc- ^MaHa, Bemeň A. CHHHBCKoro h íO.^aHHSJiH, paciieHHBajiacb BJiacTHMH í KaK npecTyiuieHHe. Oähoh HS 4»pm HaKa3aHna 3a sto KaK pa3 h CHuranocb «BbmBopeHHe» H3 CCCP. TaK, yexaji no «coôcTBeHHOMy» xejiaHHio Eb- reHHH ŠaMHTHH, yrpo3a jiHiueHHü rpaaKypHaae «HbioňopKep», rae ao Hero H3 pyccKHX nyôaHKOBajiH ToabKO BeujH HaôoKOBa. Tipu xh3Hh riHcaTeaq ero npoH3BeaeHHH 6biaH nepeBeaeHbi Ha HeMeuKHH, aaT- CKHH, IHBeaCKHH, (J)HHCKHÍÍ, HnOHCKHH H3HKH. KaK CBHaeTeabCTByeT 3HaBiiiHH íloBaaTOBa co CTyaeHHecKHX aeT A.ApbeB, «caMMM aecTHbiM o6pa30M OT3biB£uiHCb o JJoBJíaTOBe KypT BoHHeryr h flxo3e(J) Xeaaep, HpBHHr Xay h Bhktop HeKpacoB, ľeop- ľHH BaaaHMOB H BaaaHMHp BOHHOBHH...» 345