BMKTOP OAErOBMH nEAEBMH (poAMAcn b 1962 r.) «51 BeAb KorAa yoeraA, OTcrpeAMBaAca. Tw-to noHMMaeiub, hto a crpeAaA b coTKan- HMM COOCTBeHHWM CTpaXOM npM3paK, HO BeAb Ha TopOXOBOM 3TorO He OÖbaCHMTb. To ecTb a xe AonycKaio, hto b CMor 6w sto OObflCHMTb, HO OHM 6w o6a3aTeAbHO OlDO- CMAM — a noneMy, coocTBeHHO, bw no npn-3pakaM crpeAseTe? BaM hto, He HpasaTca npM3paKM, KOTopwe 6poAHT no EBpo-ne?» — TaK paccKa3waaeT o CBoěM 6ercr-Be ot npMUieAuiMx apecTOBbtaaTb ero neKM- CTOB n03T něTp riyCTOTa — TAaBHWH repofi poMaHa Bmaopa (TeAeBMHa «Hana-eB m nycroTa». 3to coMMHeHMe buuiao b 1996 r. m cpa3y 3aBoeBaAO HeBMAaHHyio nonyAjipHocTb y doccmmckmx MHTeAAeicry- aAOB. riO OT3WBaM KpMTMKOB, «...AeTeKTM- Bbi, AexaBiuMe b Mara3MHe Ha oahoh noA-Ke c „HanaeBbiM", npuxoAMAM b arnaaHMe OT 3aBMCTM: HMTaTeAM OTAaaaAM BBHOe npeAnoHTeHMe 3tom KHMre Aaxe nepeA ca- MblMH AMXMMM OOeBMKaMM». B poMaHe «HanaeB m (TycroTa», caMOM 3HaMeHMTOM npOM3BeAeHMM (leAeBMHa, BMAHW Bee xapataepHue Hep™ ero npcew. B neAeBMHCKMX poMaHax m noBecrax TAaB-Hue repoM XMByT m AeňcTByioT b HecKOAb-KMX peaAbHocrax. (Těrp nycroTa 6exMT ot HeKMCTOB B OAHOM peaAbHOCTM, BMAMT 06 3TOM coH b ApyroPi, npnHMMaa ynacTMe b ceaHce rMnH03a, npeöwBaeT b TpeTbeR, m Bcě sto BpeMJt Ha BTopoM nAaHe npncyr-CTByeT HeTBěpTasi, caMaa peaAbHaa peaAb- HOCTb, TAe TAaBHUH TepOM 0C03HaěT, HTO CTpeAneT He b hckmctob, a b npM3paKOB, coaAaHHux ero coocTBeHHbiM co3HaHMeM. Co BceMM peaAbHOcrsiMM (KpoMe nocAeA-Hefi) oh OKa3biBaeTC$i He b AaAy. KaK mo- XeT OH OObaCHMTb AfOAflM M3 HK, HTO eMy b o6iueM-To 6e3pa3AMHHa coBeTCKaa BAacTb, oh en He Bpar m He Apyr, ecAM ero ODBMHBIOT B HeHaBMCTM K npM3paKaM, KO- Topwe 6poAsrr no Eßpone (3to $pa3a M3 ca-Moro HanaAa «MaHMcpecra KoMMyHMCTMHe-ckom napTMM» K. MapKca m CD. 3HreAbca)? C peBOAIOUMOHHOM peaAbHOCTbK), peaAbHO- cTbio 6poHenoe3AOB, MaTpoccicMx naTpy- AeM M KOCHOB3blHHblX KOMMCCaDOB, riyCTO- Ta bbho He MOxeT HaPiTM oďlumPí 33biK. Era He noHMMaioT. B Apyroň peaAbHOCTM oh — nauMeHT cyMacweAiuero AOMa, k kotodo-My npMMeHsiiOT KaKMe-TO yMonoMpaHM-TeAbHue, qbaHTacMaropMHecKMe MeTOAW AeneHMa. Aa m AMamo3, Marxo roBopa, crpaHHbiM — pa3ABoeHMe aoxhoH amhho- CTM. TpeTbfl peaAbHOCTb COCTOMT M3 TMnHO- TMHecKMX rpe3 m amkom MeuiaHMHW nony-AflpHux KMHoepMAbMOB. TAaBHOMy repoio CAOBHO A3IOT nOHflTb, HTO peaAbHOCTM, B KOTopbix oh npeßwBaeT, npeAcraBAaioT C060M cpMAbM, TeaTpaAbHoe npeAcraBAe-HMe, HenTo öpeAOBoe. rieAeBMH ocraBAfleT (TeTpy ľlycTOTe eAMHCTBeHHUM BHXOA M3 6peAa, BOMHbl M cyMacweAiuero AOMa: oco3HaTb, hto Bee 3TO MAAI03MH. B OAHOR M3 peaAbHOCTefi OH pa3roBapMBaeT c öapoHOM lOHrepHOM. Tot MrpaeT poAb ooAXMcaTrebi — 6yAAMCTbi Ha3WBaioT TaK Tex, kto Aocror npocBeTAe- HM«, OTOpBaACa OT 3eMHOrO MAAI030pHOro MMpa, HO AOÔpOBOAbHO COXpaHSeT C HMM CBíBb, crpeMacb m ApyrMx AioAeH CAeAaTb npOCBeTAěHHUMM. Emě OAHMM AyXOBHHM yHMTeAeM rAaBHoro repoa craA HanaeB. rieAeBMHCKMM HanaeB He HanoMMHaeT repoa KOHHbix aTaK m rpo3y oeAWX. B nepawti nac 3HaKOMCTBa c rAaBHUM repoeM oh co-oöuiaeT: «Hto xe ao MeHa, to a oneHb ABOAio MouapTa. KorAa-To a nocewaA KOHcepBaTopMio m roTOBMAca k Kapbepe My3UKaHTa. Ho c Tex nop MHoroe b MoePi XCM3HM M3MeHMAOCb». KOMaHAMp A3MaT-CKOM KOHHOM AMBM3MM BaCMAMÍÍ klßaHOBMH HanaeB OKa3WBaeTcn «oahmm m3 caMwx rAyooKMX MMCTMKOB». PoAb HanaeBa co-croMT b tom, htoow noMOHb TAaBHOMy re- POK) nOAHOCTb» OC03HaTb MAAK)30pHOCTb OKpyxcaiomeM ero peaAbHOCTM — oTHacrn k stoh MAee něTp nycroTa noAoiuěA caM, 6e3 nocropoHHeM noMouiM. HanaeB noA-TaAKMBaeT ero ABMraTbca AaAbiue. Bot oamh M3 nepBwx «ypoKOB»: «— ...HeAoseK neM-TO noxoxi Ha... no-e3A. Oh tohho TaK xKěATaa crpeAa» (1993 r.) ľleAeBMH ncnoAb3yeT tot xe o6pa3 noe3Aa-XM3HM, HeyKAOHHo crpe-MaiuePica k CMepTO, noKa3WBaa, CKOAb 3Ha- HMTeAbHO OOAbUJMHCTBO AWAePi, OTKa3WBa-lOUiMXCa OC03HaTb 3TO COCTOaHMe. ByKBaAbHO eAMHMUW nOHMMaiOT, HTO B Ta-KOM ABMXeHMM HeT HMKaKOľO CMblCAa M HTO npMBeCTM OHO MOXeT TOAbKO K KOH- HMHe. Ho MaAO kto ocMeAMBaeTca, noHM-Maa 3TO, cnpbimyTb, comtm c noe3Aa, pac- CraTbca C npMBHHHWM MMpOM. TAaBHOMy repoio «HanaeBa m ľlycTO-Tw» yAaeTca HaKOHeu npMPiTM k oco3Ha- HMKJ BCeoGlUePi MAAKJ30PH0CTM. B 3TOT MOMeHT HanaeB npocTO-Hanpocro crnpa-eT OKpyxawmyio peaAbHOCTb co BceMM ee ôoPiuaMM, ropoAaMM, no3TaMM m MopaMM. M TorAa něTp nycroTa 0Ka3HBaeTca b paAyxHoPi peKe, cytuecTByioiuePi c HanaAa BpeMěH. Oh ocBo6oAMAca ot cHa. Bee cymecTByiouiee — oAHa nycroTa, m b Heß j ropMT paAyxHuPi cBeT co3HaHMa; co3Ha- 1 HMe AenMT m3 nycroTu qbopMW aio6om pe-aAbHOCTM, a Bcě, hto xmböt b 3tmx peaAb- 510 HOCTflX — KaMHM M MblCAM, DOM Ha 6ap- pwKaAax m caMaa crpacTHaa AioooBb, — ace 3TO He nepecraěT 6biTb nycTOToň, CHOM C03HaHMH. Becb cioxeT poMaHa coctomt m3 Aeň- CTBMM, npOM3BOAMMblX BTOABe KOHKpeTHbl-MM AlOAbMM BO BnOAHe KOHKpeTHUX yCAO- bmhx. TepoM poMaHa BwcrynaioT Ha cueHe c HTeHMeM ctmxob, crpeAwoT Apyr b Apy-ra, nbioT bhho m BeAyr AAMHHbie (paAocodp-CKMe pa3roBopbi. Ho Bee 3to noAHMHeHO MOAeAM MMpa, KOTopyo npeMaraioT Hero-Topue uiKOAbi 6yAAM3Ma: Bee — nycroTa, ecTb Anuib nycroTa w cseT co3HaHMn. B HeKOTopwx peaAbHOCTJix (Hanpn- Mep, B COBCTCKOPl) ľlpMMTM K nOHMMaHM» Bceoouieří maaio30phoctm TpyAHee, neM b Apymx. 3th peaAbHOCTM ycrpoeHw TaKMM o6pa30M, HTo6bi HeAOBeK He CMor comtm C y3KOM AOpOrM 5KH3HM, nOCTpOeHHOM cneuMaAbHO aah Hero m npoHHO OTropo-xeHHoPi OT Bcero BHeuiHero. B povtaHe «Omoh Pa» (1992 r.) ľleAeBMH noKa3biBa-eT ABMxeHMe no stom Aopore: ot actckhx act n Ao 3peAOCTM (aah HeKOTopwx nepco-Haxeň —ao caMOfi CMeprn). ľAaBHbiň re- pOM — COBeTCKMň KOCMOHaBT C 3K30TMHe- CKMM MMeHeM Omoh m npo3BMiueM Pa. Oh npOXOAMT nOATOTOBKy B AěTHOM yHMAMlue, TAe He ynaT AeTaTb. 3aieM eMy noKa3bma- IOT, KaK BOAMTb «AyHOXOA», HariOMMHaiO- iiiMM «6oAbuioPi 6aK AA» 6eAbfl, nocraBAeH- HblPt Ha BOCeMb THXěAWX KOAěC, nOXOXMX Ha TpaMBaMHbie». K moacam npMBapeHO MHOxecTBO Hepa6oraioiuHX aHTeHH, Mexa-HMHeCKHX pyK m t. a. «BHyrpM 6wao cbo-6oAHoe MecTO... m TaM crofiAa Hyrb nepe-AeAaHHasi paMa ot BeAoewneAa „CnopT" c neAaAnMM m AByMH mecrepeHKaMM, oAHa H3 KOTopwx 6uAa aKKypaTHO npMBapeHa k ocm 3aAHeH napu KOAěc. PyAb 6wa o6wh-HWM nOAyrOHOMHblM — öapaHKOfl, — ne-pe3 cneunaAbHyw nepeAasy oh Mor Hyrb-Hyrb noBopaMMBaTb nepeAHwe KOAěca, ho, KaK MHe rOBODMAM, TaKOH HeOÖXOAMMOCTM He AOAXHO 6wAO B03HMKHyTb». 3aTeM «UeHTp ynpaBAeHMa ľloAeTOM» mmmtm-pyeT OTnpaBKy KOCMMnecKoro KopaÖAH Ha AyHy, BbtcaAKy «AyHoxoAa», ABMxeHMe ero no «AyHHoň noBepxHocTM». 3tot CpaAbUJMBUH nOXOA CHMMaiOT AAJI AeMOH-CrpaUMH no TeAeBKAeHMIO AOCTMXeHMM CO-BeTCKOM KOCMMHeCKOM TeXHHKM. B TeMeHHe «noAěTa» n «noxoAa» Bee ynacTHMKM co-BepuiaioT caMoyÖHMCTBO (mam mx y6nBa- K)t), 4To6h He OCTaAOCb CBMAßTeAen. TAaB- HWM repoH cAywaííHo ocTaercsi xmb. Ha nepBwPi B3rAsiA Becb c»>KeT poMa- Ha CAyXMT AMUlb OAHOMy — BUCMeaTb npeXHIOK), COBeTCKMX BpeMÖH, AK)60Bb K BeAMMaMlUMM «AOCTMXeHMHM HaOOAHOTO X03flňCTBa» — BOeHHOH npOMblUlAeHHOCTM m noAěTaM b KOCMoc. Ho coaepiueHHO He corAacyeTCH c stmm KOHUoBKa poMaHa. CnacuiMMC« repoň eAeT b mockobckom Me-Tpo m roBopMT ce6e: «rioAěT npoAOAxa-ercH». Oh Bcero-Haecero BwuieA M3 Harpo- MOXAeHMM, OTpe3aBlUMX ero >KH3Hb OT Bcero BHeuiHero, oh Bcero-HaBcero ao6ha- CH paBHblX C ApyrHMM AlOAbMM yCAOBMM Ha caoxhom Aopore, KOTopaa MOxeT npnae- CTM K OC03HaHWO BCeOÖUieH MAAK)30pHO- CTM. Ha 3TOM Aopore oh ctomt ahacko Aa-xe ot Toro ypoBHa, c KOToporo (lěTp nycroTa HanaA cBoě ABMxeHMe k npocBeT-AeHMio m paAyxHofi peKe co3HaHMa. BoAbUIOM pOMaH «XM3Hb HaCeKOMWX» (1993 r.) nocBíiuiěH oahom TeMe — TeMe Tex naccaxMDOB noe3Aa-XM3HH, koto-pwe He xotsit comtm c Hero mam Aaxe He AonycKaioT TaKofi bo3moxhoctm (xota caM o6pa3 noe3Aa b poMaHe He McnoAb-3yeTcsi). CyAböbt 6a6oMeK, xyKOB, KOMa-poB, MypaBbéB n t. a. — 3TO caMwe pac-npocTpaHěHHue, 3HaKOMue KaxAOMy b coBpeMeHHOM noBceAHeBHOCTM cnoco6w HeAOBe4eCKOM XM3HM, KOTOpwe He MMe-K)T HMKaKOrO CMWCAa, KDOMe CMepTM B KOHue. TaKOBa, HanpMMep, cyAböa xyKa- HaB03HMKa, KOTOpbIM He BMAMT B XM3HM HMHero, Kpovte TpyAa; oh paöoTaeT bcio >KM3Hb, KaTaeT HaB03HUM map, nocreneH-ho yaeAMHMBaa ero m ooynaii TOMy xe cbiHa, a noTOM öeccMwcAeHHO tmöhct noA Ka6AyKOM Mbeň-To TycpAM. Mam, CKaxeM, MypaBbMHaa MaTKa MapMHa, bcio XM3Hb crpoHBuiaa ceMbio: co3AaBaBiuan «yioT-HUM 04ar», OHapoBUBaeujan Myxa, pac- TMBUian M BOCnMTblBaBliiaSI AOHb («Mto-6bl npOÖMTbCfl K CBOÖOAe M COAHeMHOMy CBeiy, HaAO bcio XM3Hb CTapaTeAbHo pa-ĎOTaTb», — roBapMsaAa OHa Aonepn), npMUlAa K OAMHOKOÍÍ CTaDOCTM, CTaAa 6e3o6pa3HOM m HHKOvty He HyxHoň. Mam crpaHHoe cyiuecTBo — noAyTapaKaH-no-AyuMKaAa Cepexa. Oh bco XM3Hb «pwA», He uiaASi AanoK. AeAaA Kapbepy, KonnA AeHbľM, BwexaA 3a py6ex. B crapocTM, BbiMA9 Ha nOBepxHOCTb, oh «3aTpeiuaA CBOMMM rOpAOBMMM nAaCTMHKaMM O TOM, MTO XM3Hb npoillAa 3pn, M O TOM, 4TO OHa Booôuie He MoxeT npoMTM He 3pa, m o tom, MTO riAaKaTb no BceM 3tmm noBOAaM coBepiueHHO ÖeccMwcAeHHO». HeAb3H CKa3aTb, mtoöh Bmktop ľleAeBMH npM3HaBaA TOAbKO OAMH ÔyAAMMCKMM cnocoö bmmtm 3a npeAeAbi Bceooiaefl ma-AI03MM, uiamyTb 4epe3 nopor 6eccMucAM-uu m CMepTM. MHorAa oh ocraBAfieT b cbo-mx poMaHax m noBecTHx HaMěKM Ha to, HTO K 3T0My MOXHO ABMraTbCfl pa3HblMM nyTíiMM — HanpMMep, AoporoPi Mara m Ay-xoBHoro yHMTeAfl KacraHCAbi (KaK b noße-CTH «XíeATaa crpeAa»). BaxHo HanaTb OTHOCMTbCfl K COÔCTBeHHOM XM3HM OC03-HaHHO, MCKaTb BbIXOA M3 6eCCMMCAeHHO-rO ABMXeHMfl OT pOXAeHMSI K CMepTM. HAAKxrrpauMfl k craTbe o B. O. ľleAeBHHe b ra3ete «KHľiXHoe o6o3peHHe». 1999 r. 511