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riepBbíMH «noioiUHMH nosTaMH» coBeTCKOH anoxH CTajiH M. Ama-poB h B. OKyzpKaBa, HanaBiiiHe b 1940-e, a b 1950-e HMeBiime y»ce He TOJibKo 3aMeHaTejibHbie necHH («Kan-Kan» — AHnapoB, «Haae^ma, h BepHycb Toraa» h «Ro CBHaaHHfl, MajibHHKH» — OKyzpKaBa), ho h 3aMeHaTejibHbix e/XHHOMbiímieHHHKOB-nocjieflOBaTejieH (b ochobhom h3 CTyaeHHecKoň cpe/xbi), rjioTHyBiuHX CBexcero B03/iyxa CBo6o/ibi b Hana-jie «OTrenejiH». H. MaraeeBa, K). BroGop, A.^KyuieBa, K). Khm, E. Kjmh-
KHH, A. TopoaHHUKHH,  KXKyKHH — 3TO «nepBafl BOJIHa» aBTOpCKOH
necHH. BnponeM, Tor/ja ee Ha3biBajin eine He aBTopcKoň, a CTy/xeHne-CKOH huh TypHCTCKoň, opHCHTHpyHCb Ha npeHMymecTBCHHyio ccpepy 6biTOBaHHH h TeMaTHKy. KoHeu 1950-x ro/xoB 6bui STanoM «skctchchb-Horo» pa3BHTHH xaHpa: ot «KaMepHoro» HcnojmeHHH, «Kor/xa nosT nHmeT My3biKy h b y3KOM Kpyry noeT cboh cthxh no/x rnrapy, Bbipa-xaa cepbe3Hbie HacTpoeHHK» (E.OKy/x»caBa), no MHorojiio/XHbix (name, npaB/ja, HeocJmiiHajibHbix) KOHiiepTOB.
1960-e ro/xbi xapaKrepH3yiOTCH He TOJibKO TeM, hto xaHp craji no-HCTHHe MaccoBbíM (KJiy6bi caMO/xeflTejibHOň necHH no Bceň CTpaHe HacHHTbiBajiH 2 mäh. nejiOBeK, npoBO/XHjiHCb rpannH03Hbie c|)ecTHBajiH no/x CaMapoH co cTOTbicHHHoň ay/XOTopneň cjiymaTejieň), ho h tcm,
HTO C npHXOaOM TaKHX HpKHX TBOpHeCJCHX HHflHBHayaJIbHOCTeH, KaK B. BblCOIIKHH H A. Tajím, He3aBHCHMOCTb H Onn03HUHOHHOCTb 3TOrO JXBPDKeHHH no OTHOUieHHK) K 0(|)HIIHaJIbHOMy HCKyCCTBy CTajia OCO-
6eHHO HBHOH, a nosTHKa 3HaHHTejibHO o6oraTHJiacb. Boo6me 1960-e ro/xbi, BHflHMO, mo)kho CHHTaTb BpeMeHCM OKOHHaTejibHoro yTBepx-aeHHH 6apiiOBCKOH necHH KaK caMOCTOHTejibHoro tchchhh b OTene-
CTBeHHOM HCKyCCTBe. KaK y BCHKOľO HCTOpH^eCKOrO HBJíeHHH ÖbIBaeT
CBoe «a/xpo», nepno/x, onpe/xejwiomHH cy/xb6y 3Toro hbjichhh, TaK h y aBTopcKoň necHH 6bui TaKoň peinaioiuHň nepno/x — 1960-e ro/XM. Hmch-ho Ha ero MaTepnajie h cjie/xyeT HaiHHaTb pa3roBop o ee rayGHHHbix HMnyjibcax h 3aKOHOMepHOcrax.
AßTopcKaH necHK /xo chx nop ocTaeTca npe/XMeTOM HenpeKpamaio-
IIIHXCa CnopOB. Ee npOTHBHHKH 3aflBJIflK)T O CaMOUeHHOCTH n03THHe-
cKoro cjiOBa h HeHyxcHOCTH My3HKajibHbix «no/xnopoK» k HeMy, 3amHT-HHKH b OTBeT npe&naraioT hm nonpo6oBaTb aoÔHTbCH TaKoň xe rapMO-HHH cjiOBa h mcjio/xhh, KaK y 6ap/xoB; npoTHBHHKH yrjiyÖJiHiOTca b nosTHKy h o6jiHHaioT ynpomeHHbiň CHHTaKCHC h ocjia6jieHHyio MeTa-
(|)OpHHHOCTb aBTOpCKOH neCHH, 3amHTHHKH yrJiyÖJIfllOTCfl B HCTOpHK) H HanOMHHaiOT 06 H3HaHajIbHOM CHHKpeTH3Me JIHpHKH. 3aMeTHM, HTO
nocjie/xHjra npeTeH3HH k 6ap/xaM CTaHOBHTca Bce MeHee aKryajibHoň: flOCTaTOHHo npHBecTH b npHMep BecbMa MeTacJ)opHHHyio h b stom cmmc-jie xapaKTepHyio /jjih 1990-x roaoB nosTHKy M. IHep6aKOBa.
KaKoe 6bi MecTO mm hh 3aHHMajiH b sthx cnopax, 3/xecb caMoe
BpeMH BCnOMHHTb MblCJIH IIjiaTOHOBa 0 HOBOM HCKyCCTBe-«HCHCKyC-
CTBe». H BflyMaTbCH b cjiOBa coBpeMeHHoro nosTa: «... JlyquiHe h3 6ap-/xob h He necHH-TO BOBce nncajiH. H He cthxh. H He My3WKy. Ohh ce6a nncajiH. IlHcajiH TaK h tcmh cpe/xcTBaMH, KaKHMH hm 6bmo y/xo6Heň,
384
cno/jpyHHeň. <...> Hyxno roBopHTb o 6ap/xax KaK o hbjichhh a6cojiiOT-
HO CaMOCTOHTejIbHOM, BHejIHTepaTypHOM. 3tO OflHH H3 xaHpoB ayiiiH»
(E. BepniHH). OcTaBHB b CTopoHe HecJ)HJiojiorHHHOCTb paccyxcfleHHH, OTMeTHM, HTO ucKpeHHocmb, Henocpe^CTBeHHOCTb, oTcyrcTBHe aKTep-CKoro Hanajia h ecTb, /xeňcTBHTejibHO, rjiaBHbiň, hcxoahmh npHHunn aBTopcKOH necHH h cnocoô ee cymecTBOBaHHH.
BnojiHe JiornneH Bonpoc: a KaK xe «pojieBbie» necHH — aaxe nejibie UHKjibi! — ľajiHHa, BbicouKoro h /xpyrax? fleňcTBHTejibHO, Bwcoukhh nejí ot jiHua mo(|)epa, cnopTCMeHa, ncnxHHecKH 6ojibHoro; yroHneH-Hbiií HHTejuiHreHT TajiHM nepeBoiuiomajica b HeaajieKoro KjiHMa IleT-poBHHa KojiOMHHueBa — npo(J)coK)3Horo aKTHBHCTa... Ho, KaK hh crpaH-Ho Ha nepBbiH B3r^m, sto aa«;e h He «HcioiioHeHHH h3 npaBHJia», a npocTO HHOH ypoBeHb toh xe 3aKOHOMepHOCTH. OrcyrcTBHe aicrepcTBa Ha 3T0M ypoBHe ecTb OTcyrcTBHe OTryxneHHocTH. «A» aBTopa 3aecb pac-uiHpHeTCH h npHoömaeTCH k apyroMy «h», BÖnpaa ero h jienaa nacTbio ce6a. Ot BHHMaTejibHoro cjiyuiaTejui-HHTaTejiJi He ycKOJib3HeT tot (|)aKT, HTO h ľajiHH, h BbicomoíH noHUMdfom CBOHX He3ajj;aHjiHBbix repoeB, cocmpadaiom hm, omymaa oômHOCTb, no 6ojibiuoMy cneTy poacTBO c HHMH b HecBo6o/XHOM h a6cyp/iHOM MHpe. BnponeM, aHajiH3HpyeMoe CBOHCTBO — o6mee njw Bcero HCTHHHoro HCKyccTBa, npocTO b aBTop-CKOH necHe TaKoe «B6npaHHe apyroň äh3hh» b CHJiy 3aKOHOB xaHpa 6ojiee pe3KO, 6ojiee HenocpeacTBeHHO omymaeTCH BocnpHHHMaiomHM.
B 6ap/ioBCKOH necHe npHHUHnnajibHo HHoe, HexejiH b 3CTpajxHoň, 3HaHeHHe hmciot aBTopcKaa HHTOHauHH, MaHepa HcnojiHeHHH — bo-o6me Bce npoHBJíeHHH HHaHBHHyajibHoro Hanajia. «M», npHBHeceHHoe OKyaxaBoň h /xpyrHMH GapaaMH b coBpeMeHHyio necHio BnepBbie, KaK nncaji A. ropoaHHmaíň, «nocjie ÄOJirnx JieT MapmeBbix h jihph-necKHX neceH Ka3apMeHHoro «couHajiH3Ma»... TaK Hanajiacb peBOJiio-UHOHHaH anoxa aBTopcKoň necHH, b kotopoh o6pejia cboh tojioc
HHTejIJIHreHUHH». OTTOrO-TO CTOJIb BajKHbl, CTOJIb peBHOCTHO JieJieKJTCH
jno6HTejiHMH xaHpa h KaxyTCH npHHUHnnajibHO — <othhcckh» — He
BOCnpOH3BOÄHMbIMH  KeM-TO TipyrHM  «MeJIOHH»  aBTOpCKOH  MaHepbi.
H HeoxHuaHHaH nopoň «pa3roBopHOCTb» Bn36opa — aaxe b caMbie
JIHpHHHbie MOMeHTbl, H «flpOCTHafl» (J)OHeTHKa BblCOUKOTO («Cbcxhh
BeTep H36paHHbix nbHHH^TM...»), h, ec^H 3anuiHyTb b ceroaroi, ocoöaH MHľKOCTb Ojiera MHTHeBa — He TOJibKO b TeM6pe rojioca, ho h b KaKOM-
TO «paCTBOpHKJmeM» OTCTaBaHHH CJIOBeCHOH (|)pa3bl OT My3bIKajIbHOH...
KoHeHHo, Bce sto He omymajiocb 6w TaK apKO, He 6y/xb oGteflHHHK)-mero, ueMeHTHpyíomero CBoňcTBa aBTopcKoň necHH, — toto, hto A.^KynieBa onpeae^HJia KaK «pe3yjibTaT pa6oTw jihhhocth Hau co-6oh». Pa3yMeeTCH, c|)opMyjia 3Ta He BbiÄeJweT Ham xaHp H3 HCKyccTBa Boo6me, a JiHiiib 3aocTpHeT Bce to xe otjihhhc ot necHH oc|)HUHajib-HOH, o(J)huho3hoh, KOTopyK) no aHajiorHH mo)kho 6biJio 6bi onpeae-JíHTb KaK pe3yjibTaT pa6oTbi no co3aaHHio MHpa o6e3JiHHeHHbix, cyp-poraTHbix nyBCTB («Bo/xa, Bo/ia... KpyroM — BO^a...» — H3BecTHaa ne-ceHHaH cTpoHKa H3 1960-x MeTacJ)opHHecKH BbipaxaeT 3Ty TeHfleHUHio).
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^OKyMeHTajibHa jih 3Ta aHeKUOTmecKaa CHTyauHíi — cjiyiuaTejw He HHTepecoBajio, xoth ero He Mona He no/iKynaTb cnocoÔHOCTb rajima nepeBoruiomaTbCH, ecTecTBeHHOCTb HHTOHauHH, 4>OHeTHHecKafl TOHHOCTb («Y xeHe Moeň cnpocure, y J\auin, \ Y cecrpe ee cnpocHTe, y KjiaB-kh») h t. n. GnyiiiaTeJib nyBCTBOBaji, Kaie 3a nepBbiM, komhhcckhm cjio-eM HeyMO^HMO npocTynaeT BTopoň — xecTKO carapHnecKHÖ. Jln^HOCTb
B OÖmeCTBeHHOM C03HaHHH HaCTOJIbKO OÖeCUeHHJiaCb, 4TO HHflHBHUy-
ajibHbie ee rpaHHUM Hepa3JiHHHMbi — He noMoraeT aaace nojioBOH npn-3Haic! A raaBHoe — coBepuieHHO ecrecTBeHHO, KaK hh b MeM He 6biBa-jio, 3By4HT h BOcnpHHHMaeTCH npoTHBOnocTaBJieHHe «cnacTbe — mhmo» h «aejio MHpa», h nepBoe 6e3ycjiOBHO «KOMneHCHpyeTca» BTOpbiM.
neceHHoe cjiobo y Tajiima pacKpenoiiiaeTCJi He TOJibKo comtajibHo, ho h HCTopHKo-Ky^bTypHO — «BpacTaa» b pyccKyio n033HK» XX B. H «npopacTaa» eio. 3to, b nepByio onepe/ib, uejibin uhkji neceH, nocBJi-meHHbix pyccKHM no3TaM h iiHcaTejiHM: «CHOBa aßrycT» — A. AxMaTo-BOH, «Ha conKax MaHHxypHH» — M.3omeHKO, «Jlereitna o Ta6a-Ke» — ^.XapMcy, «Bo3BpameHHe Ha liraicy» — O.MaituejibiiiTaMy, «IlaMHTH B.JI.ITacTepHaKa». HcnojmeHHio sthx neceH Ha KOHuepTax ľajiHH o6fl3aTe^bHo npejinocbuiaji /jOBOjibHO oöteMHoe npeancjioBHe-3nHipa(J) o jihhhocth h cyjibôe noSTa, a caM TeKCT oömibHO Hacbimaji peMHHHCueHiiHiiMH H3 ero npoH3BeaeHHH.
Hajo cKa3aTb, hto ľajiHH BbipaxaeT 3jj,ecb oömyio TeHjieHiiHio «B3pocjteHHH» aBTopcKOH necHH. ÜHa Bce Mame o6pamaeTca k cepbe3-HOH (h no ôojibmeň nacTH «3aKpbiTOH» Tor/xa) iio33Hh; 3a4acTyio 6ap-JXbi — h b Te ro/xw, h no3xe — nejiH TOJibKO nyaoie cthxh (b nepBoň BOJiHe — B.BepKOBCKHH, bo BTopoň — C.Hhkhthh) hjih nyxHe Ha-paBHe co CBOHMH (caMbiň HpKHH npHMep — HanaBiiMň yxe b 1970-e A. CyxaHOß); noHBHJiHCb h nosTbi, TOJibKO nnuiymne /xjih 6apaoB-«HC-noJiHHTejieii» (H.Cyxapeß).
Bo3BpamaHCb k ľajiHHy, 3aMeTHM, mto ero cjiobo coejxHHiuiocb co
CJIOBOM npeflUieCTBeHHHKOB He TOJibKO OnHCaHHbIM Bblllie CIIOC060M.
B pflae neceH sto coe/xHHeHHe nopa3HreJibHO opraHHHHO, n «BbOBaH-Hbin» H3 öbuioro rojioc He npocTO OKa3MBaeTCH bhíithhm b HHoe Bpe-MH, ho n oôosHaHaeT HOBbiň aeHb KaK oflHH H3 jxHen BeKa:
O, 3T0T cepbiň lacTOKOJi —
AßaÄuaTbrä onyc,
Fue KajKflHH fleHb, KaK npoTOKOJi,
A H04b, KaK 06bICK,
Tue Bce 3a3pa h Bee He to, H Bce HenpoHHo, KoTopbiH qae, h to hhkto He 3HaeT toiho. JlHiiib HeH3MeHeH KajieHflapb B npHMeTax BeKa — HoMHaa yjiHua. OoHapb. KaHM. AnTeKa...
388
TpyjxHO onpejxejieHHO cKa3aTb, BbinojiHmia jih aBTopcKaa neciia k KOHiiy 1960-x CBOK) CBepx3aaany — Bbipa3HTb neceHHbiM cjiobom npaB^y o HejiOBeKe cBoeň snoxn, BepHyTb 3TOMy nejiOBeKy Bepy b caMoueH-HOCTb JIH4H0CTH. KaK 6bi to hh 6biJio, b 1970-e OHa yace BCTynajia c HOBbiM «napTHepoM» no aHjierpayHjiy...
POK-n033H5I
CHHTeTHHHOCTb 3TOTO xaHpa npoHBJiHeTCH ropa3jjo 6ojiee HpKO, HejKejiH b aBTopcKOH necHe. PoK-KOMno3HUHH h co3jj,aeTCfl, KaK npa-BHjio, b pacqeTe Ha to, hto h cjioBa, h Mejioana, h apaiDKupoBKa jiHuib b MOMeHT HcnojiHeHHH npoH3BOJ0iiT 3ajj,yMaHHbiH xyfloxecTBeH-Hbiň 3(J)4)eKT. /JajieKO He nocjiejjHioio pojib npn stom HipaioT BOKaJib-
Hbie jaHHbie pOK-My3bIKaHTOB. «HeXHTpblH» My3bIKajIbHbIH HHCTpyMSHT
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«HenocpejicTBeHHOM» KanecTBe. PyccKHH poK-TeKCT, HanpoTHB, Ha nepBbix nopax npnoopeTaji nojiHoneHHOCTb jinuib b CBH3Ke c 3a4acTyio o^eHb «XHTpoH» HHCTpyMeHTajibHOH napTHeň. Bojiee Toro, b KOHiie 1960-x — Ha^ajie 1970-x no33HH b stom TeKCTe — 3a pejinanuiHMH
HCKJHOHeHHHMH — npOCTO He ÖbIJIO.
JXa, pyccKaa poK-no33HH eme MOjioaa, oaHaKO h HeonbiTHoň ee Ha3BäTb yxe HeJib3H. TeM 6ojiee — HecaMOCToaTejibHoň. Bo bchkom cjiynae ochobhoh BeKTop ee pa3BHTHJi He ocraBjmeT comhchhh b nojiHoneH-HOCTH h nepcneKTHBHOCTH 3Toro HBjieHHH. 3a6erafl HeMHoro Bnepea, nponepTHM stot BeKTop.
Cjiobo b pyccKOM poKe c TeneHHeM BpeMeHH cTaHOBHTCH Bce 6ojiee
pyCCKHM: OT nOHTH nOJIHOH HeMOTbl H H3bIKOBOrO ÖeCCHJIHH BTopoň
nojioBHHbi 1960-x — Hanajia 1970-x, Korjxa y Hac BocnpoH3BOjjHJicji hjih KonnpoBajicH aHrjiOH3bi4Hbiň 3anajiHbiH poK, nepe3 6e3ycjiOBHbie yaaHH 1970-x, onpeaejiHBiiiHe aocTOHHoe MecTo pyccKOH poK-no33HH cpeflH cjioBecHbix xaHpoB anaerpayuaia, — k mouihoh h pa3Hoo6pa3-HOH nosTHHecKOH najiHTpe 1980 —1990-x, CHHTe3HpoBaBiueH c co6-
CTBeHHO  pOK-n03THKOH  CaMbie  pa3JIH4Hbie   BJIHHHHH   —  OT  pyCCKOH
KjiaccHKH ao aBTopcKOH necHH h ropoacKoro (J)OJibKjiopa XX b. TaK, 1980 — 1990-e HBHjracb snoxon, KOTopaü 3aKOHOMepHO BMBejia Ha ca-Moe 3aMeTHoe MecTO 4>nrypy poK-6apaa...
O tom, HacKOJibKO He3aMeTHbiM 6buio pyccKoe cjiobo b OTenecTBeH-HOM poKe k Hanajiy 1970-x ronoB, KpacHope^HBO CBHueTejibCTByeT b cbohx BOcnoMHHaHHJix OJJ.HH H3 nHOHepoB xaHpa, AHnpeii MaKapeBHH. «MauiHHa BpeMeHH» nwTajiacb yxe Torjia neTb no-pyccKH, ho tojioc «TepHJiCH» H3-3a HecoBepmeHCTBa annapaTypbi. «H bot HaM npHBe3Jin 3TH caMbie CBepKaiomne 30jiotom aBCTpHÖCKHe mhkpo4)ohm npjiMO Ha ceňuiH. Mbi 3anejiH, h Bjxpyr h yBHueji H3yMJieHHbie jinua jnoaeň, no-BepHyTbie b Hauiy CTopoHy. Hhkto He TaHueBaji. OKa3MBaeTCH, ohh Bnep-Bbie ycjibimajiH HauiH rojioca h, cooTBeTCTBeHHO, cjioBa neceH».
389
XoT« CTHXH MaKapeBHHa, KOTopoMy Torna He 6buio eine h aßagua-
TH, He OTJIHHaJIHCb H3bICKaHHOCTbK), OHH npHBJíeKa^H HHblM — nOHC-
KOM CBexeň TeMaTHKH:
% CJIHIIian, HTO MHJUIHOHepbl
Jlflsi Bcex Ha 3anaae b npHvrep, Ä 6 Toxe 6mji &hh Bcex npHMepoM, Koraa 6 h 6bui MHJuiHOHep.
vKH3Hb, KaK COH.
Pa6oTbi Jiynuie He Haňfly h,
TopHT JIK)60Bb B MHJIbOHaX TJia3.
Kyiuiio h BaHHy 30JiOTyio H H3yMpyflHbiH yHHTa3.
MoJIOaeXHaH ayaHTOpHH pOK-KOHUepTOB BocnpHHHMajia sth h
noaoÖHbie CTpoKH KaK KneojiorHHecKHň h scTeTHHecKHň bm30b o<})h-UH03y. Ho no-pyccKH stot bm30b 3Byna^ eme KpaňHe pcznco: MaKape-BHH c «MauiHHoň BpeMeHH» b MocKBe, B^ajtHMHp PeicuiaH c rpyn-noň «CaHKT-ITeTepöypr» b JleHHHrpa^e...
KaK HB^eHHe Hama poK-no33H« 3acTaBHJia o ce6e roBopHTb b cepe-ÄHHe H ocoöeHHO bo BTopoH nojiOBHHe 1970-x roaoB. ITocTeneHHO CKJia-awBajiHCb Äße iukojim — MOCKOBCKa« h jieHHHrpaßCKaa (TpeTbíi, CBepa-jiOBCKa«, 3aHBHT o ceôe yxe b cjieayiomeM aecírrajieTHH). B MocKBe HHTepecHee apyrax 6buiH Bce Ta xe «MauiHHa...» h rpynna c «pKO BbipaxeHHoň 3K3HCTeHUHaiibHOH no3THKOH «BocKpeceHbe» (aBTopw
CTHXOB — A. PoMaHOB H K. HHKOJIbCKHH). JleHHHipaa Xe CTa^ HaCTOÍI-
mHM uempoM poK-no33HH. Ha CMeHy pacnaBiueMyca b 1975 r. «CaHKT-ITeTepöypry» npniiieji yroHHeHHbiň h cjierKa 3K30Thhhhh «AKBapn-yM» c BopncoM TpeöeHmHKOBbiM, HyTb no3ÄHee noflBHJicji MnxaHji (Manien) HayMeHKo co cbohmh MHorocjioBHbiMH h pacKOBaHHO-pnc-KOBaHHHMH xaHpoBbiMH KapTHHKaMH JleHHHrpaaa, a 3aTeM h Bhktop Hoň, K)pHH LUeB^yK, KoHCTanraH Khhhcb.
HaHôojiee KOMneTeHTHbiň cneuHajiHCT no OTenecTBeHHoň poK-no33HH AjieKceň .ZJnaypoB (caM hb^hiouihhch aBTopoM tckctob moc-kobckoh rpynnbi «HcKyccTBeHHwe aera») coBepiueHHO cnpaBCzyiH-BO roBopHT o «rjiyôoKoň TpaaHUHH neTepôyprcKOH noiomeňcíi nos-3HH» h «MeMyapHOM MbiuuieHHH» neTepôypxueB, o «ôojiee aeKopa-THBHOM, ôojiee MeMopnaiibHOM», Hexern mockobckhh, neceHHOM
H3bIKe.
CneuH^HnecKHe h oöuine ocoôchhocth pyccKoň poK-no33HH mox-ho HaôjiioaaTb, cjiymaa h nma« cthxh He KopeHHoro JieHHHrpaaua, ho 6e3ycjiOBHO Bpocmero b neTepöyprcKyio KyjiKiypy nosTa h komiio-3HTopa, cojiHCTa rpynnbi «ÄH,T» K). LUeBHyKa.
«ypôaHHCTHHHOCTb», ropoacKoň xapaKTep h ropoflCKoe 3By»iaHHe ero no33HH oneBHzmbi. Moxho cnmaTb, hto MHoro JieT CKJiaabiBaB-uiaflca «MarHCTpajibHaa» TeMa LUeBHyKa b nocjieaHHe roaw cjioxh-jiacb OKOHHaTejibHO — cyaböa Pocchh b cyaböe neTepôypra. He cjiy-
390
naňHO OflHa H3 JiyniiiHX KOHuepTHbix nporpaMM rpynnw b 1990-e roflbí cocTOHT HMeHHO H3 neTepôyprcKO-poccHHCKHx neceH, C03flaHHwx b pa3Hbie roflbí, h Ha3biBaeTC« «HepHbiö nec neTepôypr» (1994). Mom-Haa SHepreTHKa, Tax CBOHCTBeHHaa poxy Booéme, noanHTbiBaeTca xecTKHMH pHTMaMH coBpeMeHHoro ropo^a h b coneTaHHH c npe-ae^bHbiM rojiocOBbiM HanpaxeHHeM LUeBHyKa aejiaeT KOMno3HUHH «/L0,T» MaKCHMajibHO 3KcnpeccHBHbiMH («HoBbie ô^OKaaHHKH», «Hep-Hbiň nec neTepôypr», «PoaHHa» h ap.). 3aecb HepeaKH cth^hcthhc-
CKHe KOHTpaCTbi:
Mbi rjiOTaeM Haaexfly c TOJineHbiM ctckjiom, Mbi jienHJiH jiK)6oBb — BbiuiJia 6a6a c Bec^OM..,
pe3KHe, Bbi3biBaK>mHe MeTa<J)Opbi:
KapÄHorpaMMbi hohhmx <J)OHapeň,
BcxuHnbi cepaeHHO-cocyaHCTbix rpe3,
Pbi6bH CKe^eTbi oceHHHX 6epe3
B napaHflxe pa3BpameHHbix boctohhhx floxneň..,
HaKOHeu, ôeccTpauiHafl roTOBHOCTb poKa k poKy:
Hh uiary Ha3aa, To^bKO Bnepea!
3to C T060K> HaC HOHb 30BeT.
Kyaa nojieTHM: BBepx hjih bhh3 —
3t0 OTBeTHT HaM HaiU KapHH3.
(3th CTpoMKH KaK ôyflTO 3aneyaTJiejiH cy^bôy OAHOro H3 caMbix TajiaHTjiHBbix poK-ôapxtOB — AneKcaHÄpa BauuianeBa, nOKa3aBinero CBoeň rHÔe^biO, KaK nopoH TparanecKH «pH(J)MyeTca» cTpoKa poKa co
CTpOKOH XH3HH n03Ta.)
A bot h neTepôyprcKaa cneuH(})HKa — «MeMyapHoe MbiiimeHHe»:
HepHHH nec IleTepGypr, HOHb ctoht y npHHajia. CKopo b nyrb. 51 He b CH^ax cy^bGy OTbirpaTb, B 3TOH TeMHOH Bofle OTpaxeHbe Hanajia Biixy a h, xaK oh, He xony yMHpaTb.
3^ecb HeoôxoaHMO cae^aTb Heôo^biuoe OTCTymieHHe. PoaHBuiHCb b KOHue 1960-x, pyccKHň poK KaKoe-To BpeMH 6uji aaeKBaTeH CBOeMy CJiyiiiaTejiio — HeH3MeHHO Mo^o^exHoň ayaHTopHH. PoK-My3HKaHTbi Mexny TeM nocTeneHHO B3poc^e^H, ho, KaK npaBHJio, npoao^xajiH paôoTaTb b H36paHH0M xaHpe — ypOBeHb npoH3BeaeHHň ^y^iiuHX H3 hhx cTaji onepexaTb ypoBeHb noaroTOBJíeHHocTH Bce toh xe mojio-ÄexHoň ayaHTopHH. TpyaHO CKa3aTb, MHorne ^h c^ymaTe^H LUeBHyKa ycjibimajM b npHBeaeHHbix Bbime CTpoHKax MaHaejibiirraMa. MajiOBe-poHTHO h to, HTO afleKBaTHO ôy^eT BOcnpHHíiTO BCTynjieHHe k necHe
«HoBbie Ö^OKaaHHKH» C My3bIKaJIbHbIMH peMHHHCUeHUHHMH H3 LUO-CTaKOBHHa, OHeHb MHOrO 3HanamHMH B 3TOH KOMII03HIIHH. H LUeBHyK
3flecb He oähhok...
391
K coxajieHHK), nocjie/iHee o6cxo3xejibcxBO npoxojiHX mhmo bhh-MaHHH MHorHX My3biKajibHbix KpHXHKOB, Koxopbie ynopHO He 3aMena-lox pe3Koro pocxa oömero KyjibxypHoro ypoBHH poK-no33HH. He bhäht ohh h xoro, KaK B03poc noxeHUHaji pyccKoro poKa b nocjiearoie noji-xopa aecHXHJiexHH, Korna b ueHxpe xBopnecKoro noHCKa MHornx xa-naHXJiHBbix poK-no3XOB OKa3anacb HauHOHajibHafl npoÖJieMaxHKa, KaK
H3MeHHJIOCb CaMO CJIOBO H nOBJíeKJIO 3a C060H H3MeHeHHH, ÄJIH poKa
coBepuieHHO HeoxitnaHHbie.
MHorae poK-no3Xbi Bjjpyr npeBpaxujiHCb b poK-6apflOB — 6e3yc-jiOBHO huh HaBCxpeny aBXopcKoň necHe...
B nocjie,nHHe rojxbi pa3rpaHHHeHHe cxojib pa37iHHHbix noHayajiy xaH-poB cxajio fleňcxBHxenbHO flejioM flOBOjibHO xpyflHbiM. OneHb MHorae poK-My3biKaHXbi cxajiH nacxo Bbicxynaxb nepe/i nyoJíHKoň «Hae/iHHe c rHxapoň», x. e. Bnojme b nojioxeHHH 6apaa. 3xo h A. MaKapeBHH, h K).IIIeB^yK, h K.HHKO^bCKHH, h K).JIo3a, h A.PoMaHOB, h A.Tpaa-
CKHH,  H C. PbDKeHKO...
Ho 6buiH h xaKHe, kxo c caMoro Havana 6mji cjiobho npH3BaH cyflböoH noÄ 3HaMeHa «xpexbero xaHpa» h He mmcjihji ce6a b hhom. CaMaa apKaa HHUHBimyajibHocxb cpejiH xaKHX poK-öapjjoB no npH3Ba-HHK) — AjieKcannp BamJianeB.
HanaB Bbicxynaxb co cbohmh — name flOMaiiiHHMH — KOHuepxa-MH b cepcuHHe 1980-x h HanncaB okojio uiecxHflecaxH neceH h He-CKOJIbKO CXHXOXBOpeHHH, OH HeOXHflaHHO 3aMOJinaji, Koraa, Ka3a-jiocb 6bi, cxajio MoxHO nexb 060 BceM. H He npocxo 3aMoniieui, a yHHHXoacnn xoJibKo Hxo 3anncaHHbiH ajiböoM «Be^Hbin nocx». H no-ineji b caMoyHHHXoxeHHH eme Jiajibüie — no KOHua: Bbiöpocnjica h3 OKHa 17 4>eBpana 1988 r.
B  CBH3H C  3XHM  (|)aKXOM  HyJKHO  CKa3aXb eme  06  O/IHOH  BaXHOH
ocoöeHHOCXH poK-no33HH h poK-Kyjibxypbi Booöme. KjnoneBbiM, oay-xoxBopjnomHM ee noHHxneM HRnaexca npoxecx. Ecjih 3apaxeHH0cxb Ha npoxecx KaKHM-Jinöo o6pa30M yxpaHHBaexca — yxpaHHBaexca, npona-aaex h ca\ía poK-no33Hfl, npnHHMaa KaKyio-xo HHyio 4>opMy. He xax-flbiH no3x, bhjihmo, Moxex npHMHpnxbCH c xaKOH yxpaxoň.
PoK-KpnxHK A. TpoHUKHH OHeHb xoHHO Ha3Baji cjiaraeMbie xBop-necKOH jihhhocxh EaumaHeBa: «Y Cauin BauuianeBa 6buio Bce, h b H36wxKe, — oayxoxBopeHHOcxb, SHeprna, BJiaaeHne cjiobom h Heno-xoxecxb».
nepBbie ÄBa H3 Ha3BaHHbix KanecxB b noJiHOH Mepe moíkho yaocxo-Bepnxb, JiHuib cjiymaíi necHH EauuiaHeBa (sxo aeňcxBHxejibHO nopa-xaiomee CBoen SHepraeö neHne, nonxH b npaMOM 3HaneHHH Bomro-maiomee nyuiKHHCKyio <|)opMyjiy «DiaroJioM xth cepjjna JHo/jeň!»).
H3MK neceH EaiimaneBa nopaxaex He MeHbuie, neM HcnoJiHeHHe, co3flaBaíi cxoHKoe yöexaeHHe, mo xaK c pyccKHM cjiobom hhkxo h3 coBpeMeHHbix poK-no3xoB He paöoxaji. OöpaxHBumcb k HaH6ojiee koh-
UeHXpHpOBaHHO-HaUHOHaJIbHOMy B JieKCHKe — HJIHOMaXHHeCKHM Bbl-
paxeHHHM — h Hacbimaa hmh xeKcx ao npeaejia, oh c noMombio
392
cjioxHeiíuiHX xpaHC(J)opManHH sxhx BbipaxeHHň pacKpbui cmmcji pyc-CKOH HCXOpHHeCKOH cyflböbi:
H Hauia npaB/ja npocTa, ho eň He XBaraT KpecTa H3 coJiOMeHHOH Bepw b «cnacH-coxpaHH». Beflb CBHTblX Ha PyCH — TOJIbKO 3Haň bwhoch! B 3TOM BblCUiaH Mepa. CKOCH-CXOpOHH.
Hjih — pacKpbixHe cyaböbi pyccKoft no33HH, Kax b ajiJii03HBHO Ha-3BaHHOň necHe «Ha xH3Hb nosxoB», nopa3HxejibHO HacbimeHHoň «pyc-
CKHMH (J)OpMyjiaMH 6bIXHH». 3xH (J)OpMyJIbI (nOrOBOpKH, nOCJIOBHUbl,
Kpbuiaxbie BbipaxeHHfl) nepecxaiox ôbixb «aejKypHbiMH», x. e. ynoxpeö-JiaeMbiMH no npeHMymecxBy b cxanaapxHbix kohxckcxhmx CHxyannax. Cjiobho coo6maiouj,Hecji cocyflbí, huhomh B3aHMoo6oramaioxcji c
«OXHBJWIOmHM» HX HeoGbWHbIM OKpyxeHHeM.
Cxepxoe «no CMepxH jnoÖHXb» B^pyr B03Bpamaex ce6e nepB03aaH-Hyio nojiHOKpoBHoexb, a «ceMb pa3 oxMepb...» Booöme 3JiOBeuj,e nepe-BopaHHBaexcji:
HecnacTHaa xH3Hb! OHa ao CMepTH jikdôht no3Ta. H 3a ceMepwx OTMepaeT. H pexeT. 3x, pa3, eme pa3.'
Box eme HecKOJibKO pa3po3HeHHbix cxpoK H3 sxoh necHH, aocxoň-HOH cneuHajibHoro paccMOxpeHHa:
KaK Bo^bHO hm neTb. H jtbiiuaTb noJiHOH rpyjjbio Ha JiajiaH... IIpopBeTCfl k nepy to, hto aojiro pyÔHTb h py6HTb TonopaM... K hhm Bor Ha nopor. Ho ohh BepHO HMyr cboh cpaM... B 6biTy TSDKejiw. Ho, oflHaKO, jiertcH Ha noMHHKax...
riHcaBLiiHe o BanuianeBe oxMe^ajiH npeaejibHyio nojiHXH3HpoBaH-Hocxb MHornx ero neceH (A.^HflypoB). áo6aBHM, 1x0 axo He npocxo noJiHXHKa, a noJiHXHHecKaa Hcxopna — cyjiböa — Pocchh, HBJíeHHaH XHBOH, pyccKoň, 6oJiHiii,eH flyuie h nepenjiaBJíeHHaa b Heň b yflHBH-xejibHO eMKHe, nojiHOKpoBHbie o6pa3bi: «BbixonxajiH nojie, 3aceBaa He6o...» («JIhxo»), «Ecjih HaM He oxjihjih kojiokoji, | 3h3hhx, 3flecb BpeMH KOjiOKOJibHHKOB...» («BpeMH KOJiOKOjibHHKOB»), «Bes HeBa 6y-flex nexb. H no-npejKHeMy Bnajjaxb b KojibiMy...» («3hmhíih CKa3Ka»).
Onna H3 JiyquiHX neceH EauiJianeBa — «IlexepoyprcKaji CBanböa», nocBflmeHHaa T. KnÖHpoBy, B03Bpamaex Hac k ynoM$myxoMy Bbiuie «MeMyapHOMy» xyaoxecxBeHHOMy MbinuieHHio. HecKOJibKO jiex xh3-hh b ceBepHoň cxojiHne (poflOM BauuianeB h3 HepenoBna) no3BOJiH-jiH noaxy cpojiHHXbCH c ropoflOM h BocnpHHHMaxb ero KaK cBHflexejia pyccKoň HcxopHH XX b. B riexep6ypre, no BaiujianeBy, b 1917 r. obrna cbirpaHa HacHJibcxBeHHaa «CBaflbôa» 6ojibiueBH3Ma c PoccHeň (3aMexHM, Hxo PoccHH-«HeBecxa» — xpaaHUHOHHbiň moxhb pyccKoň no33HH). HcxopHK) 3X0ro jjeHcxBa aBxop oöosHanaex yHHKajibHbiMH no CBoeň ceMaHXHHecKOfi h SMOiiHOHajibHOH HacbimeHHOcxH ajiJiio-
3HHMH.
393
Bot nepBbiH momcht — «cBepmeHHe»:
CrpeMHCb cTaTb cpa3y BceM, HacHJiya HeBeciy, CTpej«uiH Hayraa h Jie3Jin HanpojiOM.
Bot ero «3xo» — e>KeroflHbie npa3aHOBaHHH:
rioa panHoynap MOCKOBCKoro Ha6aTa Ha 6paHHWx npocTbiHax, hto coxHyr no yraaM, Pa3BepHyTaa KpoBb, KaK chmboji CTpacTHOH aaTW, CMeuiaeTca b bhhc c rpexaMH nonojiavi.
«A CBaflbôa b BopoHKax jiexejia Ha BOK3ajibi...» H bot — cyabôa HexeJiaHHbix Ha «npa3flHHKe» rocTeü:
YcaToe «Ypa!» Hyacoft, Heaoöpoii bojih BepTejio 6ot ľleTpa b iuTypBaJibHOM Korcece. HcKanH Bdep HeBCKoro aa b EjiHceňcKOM none H npHBHKajIH 3BaTb OOHTaHKOH EHHceíi.
Bcero HecKOJibKO UHTaT, ho h ohh aaiOT noiwTb, c KaKOíi HenoB-
TOpHMOÍt TBOpHeCKOH HHAHBHJjyajIbHOCTblO, C KaKOH npOH3HTeJIbHOH
no33Heň Mbi HMeeM aejio.
...rio33HeH. C npHCTaBKOH «poK-» huh 6e3 Hee — He BaxcHo. Ha 3T0M ypoBHe npHCTaBKH MOXHO He yMHTbiBaTb. BnponeM, BauuianeB, noBTopHM, xyfloxHHK «TpeTbero acaHpa», bmpociiihh «MeJKny» h «Hajj» poK-no33Heň h aBTopcKOň necHeň.
riocjieflHHfl, KCTaTH, B 1970-e ro/ibi, a eine 6ojiee b 1980-e — Hana-Jie 1990-x, 3aMeTH0 SBOJiiouHOHHpyeT. Oöoramaacb poK-3HepreTHKoň (Gojiee )KecTKHe rHTapHbie phtmm, oojibinafl rojiocoBaa SKcnpeccH« — BnjioTbflo a4«J)eKTauHH), aBTopbi-HcnojiHHTejiH npHÔJiHacajiHCb k poK-rpynnaM h b tom, hto hx TBopnecTBO nepecTajio 6biTb HCK/iiOHHTejib-HO cojibHbiM: Bce name noflBjíaioTCfl jjysTbi (HßameHKO — BacHJibeB, 6paTbH MnmyKH, 6paTbH Pa/xnemco; MHoroHHCJieHHbie ay3Tbi: neBeií — rHTapHCT, neBeu — CKpHnan h t. n.) h jjaace aHcaMÔJiH aBTopcKOH necHH (tpho KJiyöa hm. B.ľpyuiHHa, «CeabMaa Bona», «Uocnejmun
lliaHC» H flp.).
HajiHuo cHTyauHH cMemeHHH xaHpoB. ITocjiyuiaB, CKaaceM, bmc-TynjieHHH A. rpajjCKoro h aHcaMÔJín «TepHbi h arHUbi», BecbMa Tpy/jHO HenocBameHHOMy floraaaTbca, hto nepBbiň HaHHHaji hmchho KaK poK-My3biKaHT, a nocjie^HHe Ha3biBaiOT ce6a aHcaMÔjieM aBTopcKOň necHH.
3tO, KOHeHHO, He 3HaHHT, HTO «HHCTMX» )KaHpOB ÔOJIbllie Booôiue
HeT. AßTopcKaa necira, HanpHMep, npojjoJDKaeT paaoBaTb cbohx no-
KJIOHHHKOB «XeHCKHMH» ľOpOflCKHMH pOMaHCaMH B.floJIHHOH, ÔJieC-
thuihmh caTHpHHecKHMH 3apHCOBKaMH JI. CepreeBa, np03paHHOH JIH-pHKOH A.J],ojibCKoro h A. CyxaHOBa... B cboio onepejib, MHorae poK-no3Tbi npofloJixaioT paôoTaTb (h HHTepecHO paôoTaTb!) JiHiiib c rpyn-naMH". H. KopMHJibueB h B.ByrycoB — c «HaynurycoM IIoMnHJiHy-coM», A. TpHropaH — c «KpeMaTopneM», B.IIIaxpHH — c «Haň(j)».--
394
H Bce «e apMHH poK-6ap,aoB nocTOHHHO nonoJiHHeTca «c o6enx
CTOpOH», HTO CJiyXHT flpKHM CBHaeTeJIbCTBOM nepcneKTHBHOH TeH-
aeHHHH. XapaKTepeH h HHTepec 3thx nosTOB k HauHOHanbHoň TeMa-THKe, 6yflb to otkjihk Ha ceroflHHUiHHe coöbiTHH, B3TJim b ray6b OTenecTBeHHOH hctophh hjih xpHCTHaHCKoe ocMbic^eHHe pyccKoň TeMH. H xoth no3Ta ypoBHH TajiHHa, Bmcoukoto hjih BaimianeBa HaňTH cpean HHX, MO*eT 6biTb, TpyaHO, TaKHe ôapflbí MOJioaoro noKOJieHHH, KaK B.TpeTbHKOB hjih T. KypKOB, TpeBoxacb 3a cy/jb6y cTpaHH, co3flaiOT CTHXH-necHH, BHHTHwe KaxaoMy HepaBHOflyniHOMy poccHHHHHy: ohh npeflynpejKaaiOT 06 onacHOCTH 3a6ßeHHH coöcTBeHHbix hctokob:
PyÔHHOBbix 3Be3fl MepKHeT CBeT. MaTepacb, BeacHT no Pocchh Cßo6oaa. floHOCHTca c Meer. aonro}KÄaHHaa ariacTb flaeT HeôbiBajibie bcxoäh.
H CMyTHaa BecTb Hecnpocra 3aBejiacb B CTeHax HOB03aaHHoro xpaina: Bo3HOCHTca KpecT, htoôh CHOBa ynacTb Hon Hora rpwymero XaMa.
Ha oflHOM H3 Bbiciyn^eHHH oceHbK) 1994 r. TeHHaaHH KypKOB, aB-Top npoHHTHpoBaHHOH necHH, Bbipa3HJi Ha/xexay Ha to, hto OHa He-flOJiro 6yaeT aKTyajibHoň. AjieKcaHjip BanuianeB coBceM He TaK aaBHO To*e neJi: «íl xony aoxHTb, xony yBHfl,eTb BpeMa, | Koraa sth necHH ôy^yr He hjokhh»...
«PoK-6apfl — jxhth Pocchh» — TaK Ha3Ban OflHy H3 maß CBoen khhoi A JXmypOB. XoTejiocb 6h Bepnrb, hto ^hth sto He ocraHeTCH CHporon.
JIirrepaTypa
AeeHocoe B., Ahnydume A. CoBpeMeHHwe pyccKHe nosTH. — M., 1998. KynaKoe B. rio33Ha KaK (paicr: CTaTbH o cTHxax. — M., 1999. PyccKHe no3Tbi XX BeKa. — M., 2003.
CKoponahoea H. C. PyccKaa nocTMoaepHHCTCKaa jiHTepaiypa. — M., 2003. 3auu,ee B. Hctophh pyccKOH no33HH XX BeKa. 1940— 1990-e roaw. — M., 2001.
BoôpuHCKaa E. PyccKHÍi aBaHrapa: Hctokh h MeTaMop4>03bi. — M., 2003.
OHEPKH XH3HH H TBOPHECTBA n03T0B ^.C.CAMOHJIOB (1920-1990)
JXaBvm CaMoňjiOB — no3T, Hpe3BbiHaňHO ocTpo pearnpoBaBUiHH Ha Jiioöbie BHeiiiHHe coomthh. Me/jjieHHO HaKanjiHBajiHCb XH3HeHHbie HaßjiiOfleHHH h flHKTOBajiH CMeHy MHpoomymeHH«, a BCJiea 3a tcm npeTepneBajia H3MeHeHHH h ero nosTHKa, nepe3 3ByK, cjiobo, Meipn-
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