Key to
Exercises
UNIT 40
40.1
1 is 6 seems
2 suggests 7 are
3 is 8 is
4 appear 9 are (or more
5 has colloquially 'is')
40.2
2 university refuse/ refuses
3 audience ... is (A singular verb form is more likely here as the focus is on the audience as a whole rather than individual members.)
4 orchestra perform/ performs
5 jury includes (A singular verb form is used here as 'include' focuses on the group as a whole rather than individual members.)
6 class have (A plural verb form is used as this is something the individuals did, emphasised by the use of 'all'.)
7 press presents/ present
8 The United Nations has/ have
40.3
1 atmc- comes top
2 ✓
3 detail-details the crimes
4 are-is one of
5 ✓
6 /
7 4wve-has to clear
8 are- is used
9 / ('...need to be kept...' is also possible)
10 ate- is a party game
UNIT 41
41.1
1
b  any of his early paintings remains/ remain
c   any of the food tastes
d any of Dr Jones's acquaintances knows ('know' is also possible, but a singular verb is perhaps more likely in the formal context that this example suggests)
2
a   the number of vegetarians is
expected b a number of other museums ...
charge
c   A number of medicines relieve d  the number of victims ... exceeds
3
a   Each of the pieces lasts/ last
b each of these factors influences ('influence' is also possible, but a singular verb is perhaps more likely in the formal context that this example suggests)
c   Each player tries
d   Each of the cars are/is tested
41.2
1 are - wants
2 think - has (more likely than 'have' in this formal context)
3 has or have - has
262
4 claim - constitutes (more likely than 'constitute' as 'the wreck of the ship and its cargo' constitute together, as a single item, a danger)
5 is or are - have - are or's
UNIT 42
42.1
1  / ('have' is also possible) were ✓ is
was have
7 / ("were' is also possible)
8 is
9 /
10 go
11 arc
12 seems
13 / ('has'is also possible)
14 /
15 has
16 ✓
17 </ ('were' is also possible)
18 is
19 is
20 say
21 /
22 want
42.2
1 have - have
2 is ('are' is also possible, but less likely) - expect/ expects
3 is - blames/ blame
4 was ('were' is also possible, but less likely) - has/ have
5 admit/ admits - were
6 were - have
7 shows - is - believe
8 have - says/ say - are
UNIT 43
43.1
1 a /   b a computer programmer   c a film star
2 a /   b girls' school   c the car door   d a cut on the/ her head
3 a / b / c a bottle of milk d a packet of biscuits c some toothpaste   f /
4 a / b songs about pollution ('pollution songs' is not a well-known class of songs)
5 a tool shed   b spiders' webs
6 a armchair b / c the 500-piece jigsaw puzzle d glasses case
43.2
1 cover up
2 broken out
3 stopping over
4 get together
5 set out
6 stopover (related to 3)
7 get-together (4)
8 cover-up (1)
9 outbreak (2) 10 outset (5)
43.3
2 middle-of-the-road   3 round-the-clock   4 step-by-step   5 once-in-a-lifetime   6 down-to-earth 7 man-in-the-strect (alternatives are: man/ woman in the street, or man or woman in the street (usually without hyphens))   8 larger-than-life
UNIT 44
44.1
1
2
3
4
5
an
a an a
a ('MiG' is said /mig/) an an
a a 9 an
10 a
11 a
12 an
13 an
14 a
44.2
1 -one-a
2 /
3 -a-onc
4 one-an
5 /
6 -one-a
7 ane-a ('one' would imply 'one and no more'; 'a' is more likely if this is a more general invitation to 'have some cake')
8 / ('one' implies 'one and only one')
9 / (both 'one' and 'a' arc possible)
10 one-a
11 -uue-a ('one' would emphasise the number and seems less likely than 'a' in this context)
12 / (both 'one' and 'a' are possible)
13 a-one
14 one-a
15 -a-one
16 / (both 'one' and 'a' are possible)
44.3
1 one/ a one one
one/ an a
one
7 one/ a
8 an
9 one
10 one
11 one/ a
12 A
UNIT 45
45.1
1 a the world   b a world
2 a a bright future   b the future
3 a the past;   b a past
4 a a deserted beach   b the beach ('a beach' is also possible here, meaning a particular but unspecified beach)
45.2
1 a customer
2 the individual/ an individual (similar meaning)
3 the car
4 The television
5 the smoker
45.3
2 pleasure
3 importance
4 a sound
5 grammar
6 iron
7 a shampoo (= 'a type of shampoo'; 'shampoo' is also possible)
Key to Exercises
8 Sound ('Sounds travel' would also be possible)
9 shampoo
10 a real pleasure
11 a grammar
12 an importance ('importance' is also possible)
13 an iron
14 conversation
UNIT 46
46.1
1 the
2 -
3 -
4 a
5 a/ the/ - ('a' suggests that there are a number of marketing advisers; 'the' or'-' indicate that there is only one)
6 -
7 -I-
8 -/the
9 the/-
10 a
11 -
12 an
13 the/-
14 a
15 the
16 a/-
17 -/A
46.2
1 the
2 (the)
3 (the)
4 the
5 (the)
6 (the)
7 the
8 the
46.3
1 this/a
2 -
3 - ('this' would be unlikely here as the paint is not the topic of what comes next)
4 the/-
5 a/-
6 a
7 -
8 a/ this ('this' introduces the woman as the focus of the next part of the story)
9 the/-10 the/-
UNIT 47
47.1
1 a Children (a general reference; specific children are not referred to)   b the children (a specific reference, probably to my/our children)
2 a the agriculture (a reference to the agriculture in a specific area) b agriculture (a general reference)
3 a islands (reference to islands generally)   b The islands (reference to a specific group of islands)
4 a the holidays (specific-reference; the holidays that are coming soon)   b Holidays (a general reference to holidays in this part of the world)
5 a rain (a general reference)
b the rain (reference to a specific, understood period of rain)
6 a the money (reference to a specific, understood sum of money)   b money (an observation on the effect of money generally)
7 a parents (= a general reference) b The parents (a specific reference to particular parents)
8 a the fire (reference to a specific fire)   b fire (a general reference)
47.2
1 a a day b a/ the day ('a day' suggests one of a number of days; 'the day' suggests either that it was the only day that I babysat for them or that it was a particular day that the listener knows about)
2 a on Sunday   b on a Sunday
3 a a/ the Christmas ('a Christmas' suggests that we have often spent Christmas in Sweden; 'the Christmas' suggests that we have only done it once)   b after Christmas
4 a by post   b in the post
5 a all afternoon (more likely than 'all the afternoon')
b spent the afternoon
6 a the/ - winter ('the winter' might imply 'the coming winter' however, both 'winter' and 'the winter' might be a generalisation meaning 'any winter')   b the winter
7 a by car   b take the car
(= my/our car; 'a car' would suggest one of a number of cars available)
47.3
1 side by side
2 day by day
3 back to back
4 end to end
5 person to person
UNIT 48
48.1
1 (some)
2 some
3 -
4 (some)
5 (some)
6 -
7 -
8 (some)
48.2 Suggested answers are given
2 Some 30% of all city buses have been found to be unsafe.
3 An unexploded bomb has been found some 5 miles from the centre of Newham.
4 Some 25% of electricity will come from wind energy by 2020.
5 Some 200 jobs are to be lost at the Encon steel works.
48.3 Suggested answers are given
2 He's probably out with some girlfriend or other.
3 Maybe 1 lent it to some student in my geography class.
4 1 think it's in some travel agent in the High Street.
5 Perhaps he's got to finish some report or other.
48.4
1 any
2 any/ some ('any' suggests that I could eat none of the food; 'some' implies that I was able to eat some but not all of it)
3 anything
4 someone ('positive' meaning)
5 anything/ something ('anything' suggests that he said that he did nothing at all wrong; 'something' suggests that he has been accused of a particular wrong-doing but denied this)
6 anyone
7 any
8 any
9 Some (= not all)
10 any
11 anyone/ someone ('anyone' suggests that I don't want to lend it to any person; 'someone' suggests that I may have a particular person in mind (perhaps they have asked me to lend it to them))
12 anything
UNIT 49
49.1
2 ...no-one heard...
3 Not a drop...
4 ...no point...
5 ...nowhere else...
6 ...none of the hotels...
7 ...never going to get...
8 ...nothing wrong...
49.2
1   There aren't any in the cupboard.
4 ...there wasn't any point in protesting.
5 ...he didn't have anywhere else to go.
7 Isn't he ever going to get a job? (or Is he ever going to get a job?)
8 ...they couldn't find anything wrong with her.
49.3
1 There was no television...
2 /
3 ...had no seatbelts.
4 ...there was no signature on it.
5 ...no trees.
6 ...were no sweets in it.
7 /
8 ...there were no newspapers left.
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