industrialization - industrializace
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New England textile mill, 1820s


Winslow Homer, The Old Mill (1871)
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Homer, Bell

Winslow Homer, The Morning Bell, 1873 (in Harper’s Weekly)
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Homer, Bell, eng

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Thomas Anshutz, The Ironworkers’ Noontime (1881)
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Thomas Pollock Anshutz-747674.jpg

Robert Koehler, The Strike, 1886
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Koehler, Strike

Charles Demuth (1883-1935), End of the Parade: Coatesville, Pa. (1920)
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•Demuth’s ancestors migrated to Pennsylvania from Šanov, Moravia in the early eighteenth century.

Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927
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•The Demuth Museum, Lancaster, Pennsylvania: http://www.demuth.org/
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•George Bellows, Both Members of This Club, 1909


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•George Bellows, New York (1911)


Philip Evergood, American Tragedy, 1937
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Evergood

Thomas Hart Benton, America Today murals, 1930
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Benton, America Today

Diego Rivera, Detroit Industry (South Wall), 1932-33
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Rivera, Detroit

immigration - imigrace
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some statistics
from the Austrian empire, 1820-1840: 2,534,617
Czech-speaking, 1820-1840: 120,013
1870 census: 40,289 reported being born in Bohemia or Moravia
1880 census: 85,361
1890 census: 118,106
1900 census: 156,891
1910 census: 219,214
1920 census: 362,438
1950 census: 491,638
1960 census: 227,618
1970 census: 160,899
1980 census: 112,707
1990 census: 87,020
2000 census: 83,081

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•Joys and Sorrows of Ellis Island, by Lewis Hine, 1905


Jacob Riis (1849-1919), muckraker (hnůj + hrábě)
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•Jacob Riis, the third of fifteen children, was born in Ribe, Denmark. He worked as a carpenter in
Copenhagen before emigrating to the United States in 1870. Unable to find work, he was often forced
to spend the night in police station lodging houses.
•In 1877 Riis became a police reporter for the New York Tribune. Aware of what it was like to live
in poverty, Riis was determined to use this opportunity to employ his journalistic skills to
communicate this to the public. He constantly argued that the "poor were the victims rather than
the makers of their fate".
•In December, 1889, an account of city life, illustrated by photographs, appeared in Scribner's
Magazine. This created a great deal of interest and the following year, a full-length version, How
the Other Half Lives, was published. The book was seen by Theodore Roosevelt, the New York Police
Commissioner, and he had the city police lodging houses that were featured in the book closed down.
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Riis


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•Martha Walter  (1875-1976) - Czech Immigrants at Ellis Island -  1922
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•Scandinavians come to Minnesota


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•“Problem Solved” c 1900


Prosperity in America in a Czech Periodical (late 1800s)
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Czech Immigrants in Wisconsin (1937)
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•reaction to the Chinese Exclusion Act in the 1880s


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•corrupt politicians and employers welcome immigrants!


Immigration issues today
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• undocumented immigrants (taking work from Americans, or doing work that no Americans want? using
public services?)
•costs of US Border Patrol
•“Secure Communities” program (allows local law enforcement to share fingerprints of arrestees with
the Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) agency to examine their status and criminal history
for possible deportation.)
•state versus federal laws (example: Arizona’s  law: requires police officers to determine the
immigration status of suspects they've stopped, detained or arrested if a "reasonable suspicion"
exists that the person is in the country illegally.)
•NSA spying