REGRESSIVE   ASSIMILATION

   

   1. Place of articulation

   

   o   alveolar consonant    ←   non-alveolar C

               /t,d,n/                           /p,b,m,k,g/

                  ↓

           non-alveolar C

   

               /t/         that person,                  that bag,           that man

               ↓

              /p/         /d-aep p3:sn/     /d-aep baeg/    /d-aep maen/

   ---------------------

               /d/        good person,               good bye,        good man

               ↓

               /b/     /gʊb p3:sn/         /gʊb baІ/     /gʊb maen/

   ------------        

               /n/        ten people,                   ten bags,          ten minutes

               ↓

               /m/     /tem pi:pł/        /tem baegz/    /tem mІnІts/

   ------------

               /t/         that colour,                   that garden

               ↓

            /k/    /d-aek k∧lə/          /d-aek gɑ:dən/

   ------------

            /d/    good girl,                     red colour

             ↓

            /g/    /gʊg g3:ł/            /reg  k∧lə/

   ------------

            /n/    in case,            ten couples,                 ten girls

               ↓

            /ŋ/    /Іŋ keІs/             /teŋ 
   k∧płz/         /teŋ g3:łz/

   

   

   o   alveolar C    ←   non-alveolar C

               /s,z/                             /j, ʃ/                           
   assibilation

                  ↓

         non-alveolar C

   /s/                    this year,          this ship,           this young man

   ↓

   /ʃ/          /d-Іʃ  j3:/     /d-Іʃ  ʃІp/    
   /d-Іʃ  j∧ŋ  maen/

   -----------

   /z/              those years,      those ships,                  as you know

     ↓

   /ʒ/           /d-əʊʒ  j3:z/    /d-əʊʒ 
   ʃІps/      /əʒ ju  nəʊ/

   

   o   alveolar C    ←   non-alveolar C

               /t,d/                                 /j/                            affrication

                  ↓

         non-alveolar C

   /t/              don’t you,                    won’t you

    ↓

   /tʃ/          /dəʊntʃ  ju/             /wəʊntʃ  ju/

   -----------

   /d/              would you,                   could you

    ↓

   /dʒ/            /wʊdʒ  ju/            /kʊdʒ  ju/

   -----------

   Examples in Czech:

   pan král /paŋ kra:l/          sedni si /seďni si/            hanba /hamba/

   

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   

   2. Manner of articulation

   

   o   plosive C    ←   nasal C                           

           ↓

         nasal C

   /d/        good night

   ↓

   /n/    /gʊn naІt/

   

   o   plosive C    ←   fricative C                       

                ↓

         fricative C

   /t/         that side

   ↓

   /s/   /d-aes  saІd/

   

   

   Examples in Czech:

   dětský /ďecki:/         bohatství /bohactvi:/                       kanadský /kanacki:/

   

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   

   

   3. Assimilation  of  voice  (only regressive!)

         C lenis=voiced       ←    C fortis=voiceless

            ↓

       no voicing               (eg.  leaD through the crowd,  oF course, etc)

   

   !!!  if  C1= fortis + C2 =lenis    -->   C1 remains VOICELESS!!!

   Unlike in many other languages, assimilation of voice in English NEVER takes place in this
   case:

   eg. I like that black dog.

    /aІ  laІk  d-aet  blaek  dɒg/     not  */aІ laІg  d-aed 
   blaeg  dɒg/

   

   Examples in Czech:

   svědek byl /svjedeg  bil/    kdo  /gdo/     kresba  /krezba/   trubka /trupka/  led /let/