TcopcIHMCCklIMII. iJ)m.iik.ik)k.khmh m xtcth-mcckhmh npoíi.R-MaMii jiHTcpaiypu laHHMaercu li ciuihx iiayMMU" linccapnoii I pwopi.ťBHi Ih- ihihkhH < IXII-I84X)-()h pa ipafiai u»ai"r Bonpo-Chi pca.'iiiriiľicckuH iioiiiiMi n h i cink m. itiia.ni wpy- ľl ll|MHI nu- ICIIIIH llxlllkllll.l. jlcpMl......H.l II lotO.IH n yn.lii.iii.ui n.i iii.mciiiic iix uiopiiec i na ii.iajii.nc-uicM paimiiiiii jiHicpaiypu. Pcuiaioiuyio pojih cbi-ipa.i kpiiuik lípu ofipa umanuli «narypa.'ii.iioií ujko--11J» ^MMHHCkHH latlilkiaC T IHaHHTClbHOe imcto upil l|xipMII|xi|lilllllll KpilTlIMCťKolt MblC.lll ii H CHpOIieH-CKOM KOHTCKCTC. Cil* 11. MCXny TpaflHUHHMM aeKaÓpHCTOH h pt'bo-ihiiihoiihijmh ,'lCMOkpa i atXIH, fleHTe;ibHOCTb KOTO- pi.ix pa miiiiacicH n 5(1 - 60 roaax. iipciCTanjisieT \ UKian ip.i Hit;......iiihíi I epueiia (INI.1 1X70) n Hhku iiih Il.iaKiiiHHMHii Olapena (181.1- 1X77). B 30-wx li 40-m x n. onu fibi.iH ywacT-inikaMii ranni.ix ofiinccTH. h 50-wx r. cra-iii .iMiirpaH-laxní u ocHoiioiio.ioAHiikaMii ncpiHiil choíhuhoIÍ pyc-. m.h m-Maiii it Jloiuouc n n llliiciiuapiiii (AypHaA • Kmiikti.i-, ii uaiiacMi.ill t 1X57 ľ. no 1X67 r.). Bľki m onu fiujiH ľbh uiiii.i uiyfxikoll apy aooíí. ofia yMiipaHii nUMBO or Pixcmi TaJiaHT lepucna ;inycropoinniii - on laiiiui.i o ceíic KaK cim(i u k.ik iiHĽareJih. I1o;ioahi! ikhobm pyc- ckoii MaiCpita.lHC i Iľll i kuli .|>li;l(K'(KJ)llll. oh o,1H0ll|K- mciiho covwer xyniUKecmcHHhic ii|x>nmeiieHH!i -cainpíľuvKiic- iioiiOť-rn tjjmmjp Kpynoa» a-Copoku- 40 - 60-ue roflbí Ha ncpc.ioMC 40-nx h 50-nx rr. HaňimmacTCíi n .iiiii-paiypiioM npouccce oiipe.ie:ieiiiian oamamiH, Hii.mMiiuaHcn pc ly.ni.TaTOM oňwecTBCHHoil oócra-iioiiKH h Pocenu. llpaiiineJii.cTHCHni.ie Kpyni. nany- I.IIIIII.IC pCBO. Ili >l 11 li > 111 i 1.1M AHHACHHCM II 1'HpillIC. opraiinioBa.iH cyaetmoc ne/io c neipauieRuaMii -ii.icnaMii KpyAKa yTonimecMix couHa.iiH.Ton, ycujiH-iiacrcH uch iypa. ( íahh.ichhc HacrynaeT nocjie CMep- iii ll.ip i MlIKO.naH I II nu. l.' lip. nu |>.IHIU.II KphlMCKOÍi boAhn. Bonna noKau.na .>KoiioMHHCCKyH) oTcra- JlOCTb MOliapxlIH ii pyCCKOe npaBHTejlbCTBO HhlHX a aopoam» (1846), poMaH «Kmo stiHoeam?», b m phix HbipaAaeT npOTecT npoTMB KpenocTiioro CTpo: BepuiHHoii nmepzTwabix. cTpcMJieHiift TepueHa min+l K)Tca MCMyapw iStLuie u dyMhi» (1852-1868). KHiin npencTaBJíHeT xyAOACCTBCHHyio ju-touhci. oGiu,e> cTiieHHoií ahihh b Pocchh n 3anaAHoň EBpone. 3t| iicnoBeab coBpeMeHHoro McnoBeKa, b ahihh KOTopo. ro oTpaiHJiacb HCTopna. TegueH b KHiire piicyeT nop. •rpcTbi peajibHbix jiKi/tea-ÍHanp- BejiinicKiiii, napb Hk-MUiaii), oniichiBaeT nojrjiHHHbie co6biTna, CBHfleTejiei KOTopwx oh CTa/i, ho nocpexiCTBOM 4>aKTimecKoro on I Bbic-KaibiBaeT cboh B3ni5iAbi Ha nponcxoijHiuee. (Dop.1 Ma npoH'íBCACHMa - CMHTe3 SHorpacJjHMecKoro poMaHí h xyiioAecTBeHHbix MeMyapoB - no3BOJinjia niicaTeJii ncpeflaTb fioraTCTBO » myÔHHy cbohx Mbicjiei MyBCTB, ncpeAHBaHnH n pasMMUJVieHHH. TepucH n pil Ha jj jicjK ht k ocHOBono.iOAHHKaM hh i ejiJieKTyajibHOft npo3bi b MHpoBoH JiHTepaType nero HaBH'ibiBaer h pycCKaa MeMyapHaa .nnTeparypi 20-oro BeKa, ocoôeHHO 3peH0ypr. tfTH. n. OrapěB 3MHrpHpoBa/i b 1856 r., coTpyaHif 4aji c TepucHOM npH Bbinycxe ÄKo^iOKOJia*. Oh óbu npcAje Bcero noaTOM, ho onyfijiHKOBaJi n pna cxaTeJ nojiHTHMecKoro xapaKTepa. Ero no33Ha npoflojmaeľ | rpaAjjaHCKyK) jihhhio TBopMecTBa aeKaópncroi n JlepinoHTOBa. CraxoTBopcHHH OrapěBa wacTO ci AepAaT 3nimecKoe anpo - onncbiBaiOT TparimecKyi cynboy npocToro Me^oBeKa, 3Ty TpajiHUHKi b pyccxo! IKB3HH paiBHBaeT Bcnea 3a hhm HeKpacoB. pa*a/ia HapacTawmee HeaoBOJibcTBHc h oTiuiecTBe. Ho >thm iipímimaM ona 6i>Ľia óojicc pciin.iHiiiiioH huD, ncM Apyme eHptiiieftcKHe .ninepaTypw. Ot.ihhh-TCMtKŠ Heprofl pyccKoli nncbMciiiUH.in mopnA iio.ioHiiiii.i iipoiujioro iieKa CTaiioiiinc» ce nocjieao-m.iii- n n.n iianpaiijiciiiiiK.ti. n ,iyxc npinimccMiro peaJin iMa, n paMKax KOToporo pa iHiuiaKvrcx pa muč HHflHBnaya^biiuectimh h nnniu Hcin; i ľ m m .THTcpaTypHhiM tcichhcm 40-ux ni.ion Hii/ineiCH naivpa n.iian iiikii la • Komp.iH ■DC i nr/ia Ďo^buioro pa ibhthh h 50-ijx h 6()-ijx ro-flax. VJé cocraB o4eHi> pa nuxKÍípa ich, oT)i.c;innncr n cbohx psi.iax .lyiiiiiiix npc.iclanuic.icii .iincpai) pii 1 ii'iiiiiii.i ii.iu.iM iiiľia.ioM «iiaiypa.'ii.noň iiimi iu CilHIaCTCH BbinyCK CIHipillIMHI «(&U WOltOMUH líc mepóypea* (1844-45) n «IleTepóypicKiiit c6opmB» ( 1X46) CTlopilHKH COCTOIUTH b n. Holin, im ni Ta k Ha-ll.lliaCMMX l|lll 1IH1.IDI IIHOCklIX IHIC[1M)I1 llx aiiTopi.i oiiiipaHiroi na ayTeíiTHHHbie i|i,ik i i .i h pea/ibHwc npo-Toranbi, h loCpaAaioTca flpSMN mcjikhx ncTcpGypr- CKHX miHOBHHKOB. -llOaell H'l COUIiajlbHblX HHIOB H f>C 1I.IMHIIIII.IX l npu u MIX II k-pcHCHCMIX GcjlHHKOH. B HCKOTopbix nponiBe/iCHHHx na6jiK)AaeTC)i TeHfleH-miH k onHcaTeJihHocTH, ho inaMCHHTbic npoiaiikii SToro TeMCHHH, Hanp., TyprcHCB, ToHMapoii, cyMe/in HHKO/iafi raBpHJTOBHH MepHbIUJeBCKHii iieHO Gbijio noAoiíTH k . mócpa. m i.uiiui o6ujecTBe*j Hbix ycjiOBHH, m to iipHBe/io k oTixieHe KpenocTHor lipana. 3th TeHAeiiuím HauiJin oTpaacemie h b jime-l paiypHOM npouecce. B OTAimne ot mhotiix pa íbhthxJ cBponelicKHX cTpaH, rae b nojioBHHe 19-oro Besa aK-r thbho fleiíciBOBa.ni fleMOKpaTHMecKHe nHCHiryuHH,| oómecTBa n oTHocHTe.ibHo AeMOKpaTUHecKiie napJia-MeHTw. peujaK>miie BaAHbie no.nHTimecKHe npoĎJie- Mbl, b POCCHH Ae 3Ty DOJlb nOMTH HCKK)MHiejIbHO| 1 -1 -1 ■1 ■ 111 -. : i jiHTepaiypa n HCKyccTBO. PyccKaa jiHTe-paTypa oTpaAa^a onnoiiiuHOHHbie HacipocHHH n bM- npcoaojicTb y mne paniku eé iio.iihkii n inopMCCKH ei pa mu 11. K «HaTypajibHOtl hjkojic- oihochich ,lMHipnii I'..m ll ll i i;n'i I pni ..puiiirl ( 1X22-1900). knliipblll B cbohx noBecTKX 'HtptHHM- (1846) h *AwnoH ľope-MIMW (1847) c oonuiioA xyfloxecTBCHiion yocnH- TCJlbHOCTbK) ii loTipa lll.l i pal HIM AH1HII pyCCKHX KpCCTbHH. Ilony iiiiikoM 'iiai vpa. ii.iioll HlkManc. KaK h b npyiiix lipouiiiciciiiiHx. cyineji nncaTe/ib no- KaiilTI. Bil A H Ne lipof).'ieMI.I h|X'MCHH B OlVlHHlie OT iic.iiiMix pyccKiix pcajiiicmii on fuiiiAe k eiiponeltcKO-My naTypajiniMy, na6jiK)aaK)rcn napa^^e^n c Tiiop-•KCTHOM (|)painiv xkoro pOMMMM 'fcviH. riocvic oTMeni.1 KpeiiocTHoro npana 11 1861 r. Ha-MeMaeTca Morymiň pixT pycckoll pemuiHiuiioniioll ACMOKpaTHH, HO rVUlBC KOTOpoň CTOHJ1 II. I". Hepilbl-" UieBCKHft. K pcBO.lKHHlOIIHhlM ACMOKpaiilM lipillia io* 11 iipeA ic in'ci n npc k i .inu i c. in nu i c. i. litr cinnin HCflHOpjlHCKOK) npOHCXOAAellllH - pa lllililHIHII.i (1828-1889) POAHJICH 'IcpilNUieBCKIlii B CapaTOBC b AOHOJlbHO Ky^biypHon cexibe cBHiiicHHHKa. Oh noecuwi niM-HaniK), noTOM iKx.Tynn.1 b rieTepCypicKiili ynmiep-chtct. rioc^e ero oapOTUOU oh CTa.i paooTaib npe-noaaBaTeJieM jimepaTypbi h poanoM CapaTone. H. ľ. MepiibiuieHCKiiň - ipe inuiailiio onapciinaH ^hh-nocTb. On luiajeji iiecKojibKiiMii flMTfMTI. aKiiimio paGoTaii b oQjiacni if)ii.iocoi|)iin. no.iimi»iecKolí .iko- HOMHH. h JTHTCpuTypHOH kpilTlIKt" 11 OC^JieTpHCTHKC. MepHbiuicBCK hh paiiiepHyji cboki acHTejibHocTi, h AypHajie «C(Mi>eMeHHUK», rne b 1855 r. onyCjiHKO-Baji .i...i-. AiiccepTamiio «06 scmemuiecKOM omiio-utenuu ucKyccmaa k deúcmaumejiMU>cmu». . Iiľiii.ľj eyab6a MepHhiuieBCKOio cjiOAH/iacb He oHCHb yflamio. Koraa noc.ic OTMenbi KpenocTHoro npaBa (1861 r.) ii.iii.i.iiici. k pec i i.hiicmic mKCTaHnn. HhkomU laBpHJMBHM tep"'..... 24 25 npaiiiiic.ibciHo iipcMCHMii 'laiipemao inaamie «ColipcMCHIIHka». II McpHUWCBCKItH 6lJa niXilACH ii llci|xni.iii.iiiiK'KyK) kpciioori.. [liiBoaiiM k apccTy inxay*H.io mici.Mo Icpiteiiu 0 ho .moahocth ■SflB-H.ii i. Aypiia i ii . loiiaoite, Ii Ii CH« in C .ii mm yflOMH-iia.iixb nun McpiiMinciiciuiro Cocroxaocb cyacG-iiiic ncJto. h KoioptiM fxiahiuyio piiai. mpaaii i|iu.ii.iijiiiiMc CBiiacicaii m. xom iic 6biao aoKaia-TcabCTB, imcaTc.il> 6w;i iipw oHopcii k 'ic ri.ipiiaa-iiam roaaM CCN.1KM B CaparoB oh CMor iiepHy.i.cx i.kn ii 18X9 i . n nixaeaiiiiH i i>a ein ic» am hui. I Ipoii iiK-aciuic - 'Imo dfjiamb?» Haniicaiio h (pOO- MC ICMCHIIOIII pilM.MI.I C I.ICMCHIaMII MpilK.'lKIMCIIIIH. B neuipc HHiiMaiiiiH cHiAcra .liicpniHiiax ii oöax-ic.n.iiax acuyiiixa Hepa II.ih.kihiu Po ia.ii.cxan. ()na ahiici ii McniaiicMill ccmhc. ii MaTi. cüfnipaercH ee iiLiaaü. UMyA ia fic iiipaBcmeiiiioin iii|niucpa. Bc-pa llaiuioBiia iiuikomhtcx co CTyacHTOM Jlonyxo-hmm. nofl cio iiaiixiiiicM oiia ocoiiiacT ciioe mccto ii oTiinccTBc. yxoaiiT ot puaiiTC/iel) H tak.miHaeT 0 imm i|nikiiiiiin.ill Cipan Hii.i opiaiiinyci iinicniiyHi MacTcpcKyKi. ii Koropoll aKiaii iic iu.ii.mi cobmcctho paooiaMii. ho ii jipyAlio Aiüiyi iuxae paoon.i. Mcpc i iicxoiopoc iipcMX Jloiiyxon iioIImct, mto Hepa iioriH r ero apyra Kiipcanoiia Oh aoriponoai.no yxoaiiT Hiee am um. acaaci bim, mto iioxoHHiiacco-fxift. I na i.imiim aejic yciAacT h Axicpiiky. Bcpa llaii.Hiinia iiMxoaiii KiMyA ia Kiipcaiioiia. Jloiiyxon iioa apyrod i|iaMiiaitcfl. ioac Acnaii.iM. iioiiipaiuacr-cx ii l'occiiHi. ii ui'ic iiapM Aiuiyi ciaci-iiiiio. «Hto ac/iaTb?» oxnHMaeTca ot TpaaiimioniM.ix pca.iiicni'icckHX poManon 'Icpni.iinciickiiii cipcMin in npexae iiccm k iion.ioinciiiiKi iiaca/roB o ahihh, k.iMni cc noa ii.iiiHHiicM yioniiMcckoro comiaaiiiMa iipcacTaBanan pciioaKiuiioniibic acMoxpaTbi. 3to iMiiViniii 'ic iku iii p.i A.icTCH ii <|ianiacTimcckiix ma-iiax. ii koropi.i\ oinu.iiii.i CUM Bcpu llaii.iniiiM.1 o iiv 1> IIK-II A II Ulli II COUIta.iMCTHHCCKOH PoCCHH. '/(•mmv'mwii COR lltphi Htm. HMMM (omphltlOK) H audum Hepa lltituioaiia, 'tmo tmo mak, ace mak... 3ojwmucmuM onvmaoM cuxem nutia; nokpixmo tiaenuiMU mute, pamepmuaammex comnu, mbicx'iii uoemoa na KycmapmiKe, onoxcuaaiouieM nojie, .ie-jieneem u uiemtem nodhLvaiouiuücx ia kycmapitukoM ripOH IHeaCHHH JlHTcpaTypiio-KpHTHHecKHe Tpyjbi 06 JcmemwteckoM omiiouicHim uckyccmaa k dem ■inmwwjibHocmu (1855) O'icpku locaneacKoio nepuoda pyccKOÜ jiumepamypbt (1856) Po MBH llmo dejiamb? (1863) nee, u oh aecb neempeem ifeemOMU; apoMam iiecem-cn c luiubi, c Jiyea, ia nycmapnwca, om HanojmsaA iuux Jiec iieemoa; nopxaiom no aemKOM nmuifti u mbicx'iu eojiovoo nveymex om oemaeü UMvane c apoMamoM... y nodouiabi eopu, na OKpaune .neca, epedu «oemy-utux Kycmapnukou abicoKux eyemux ajijieü ao:idam-cm daopeii... H noaciody tojKHbie depeabn u uacnibi; oecb doM - epoMaÖHbiü 3umhuü cad. Ho Kmo mwem a 3mojn doMe, Komopbiü eenwco-jiennee deopifOB? 3decb ■xuaem mhozo, oneitb Mimen; udu, Mb» yeuduM ux. Ohu udym na öojikoh, au-cniyiHtHHiaiü m aepxneeo sma'Aca eajiepeu. Kak xe Bcpa flaajiooHa He laMemiuia npexde? FJo imiuM nunoM pacceuHbi cpynnbi Jiwdeü; seide Myxciunu u ikeHiuuHbi, emapuku, MOJiodbie u demu a.Mecme. Ho (iojibute Mojiodbix; cmapuKoe mcuio, emapyx cuie Mciibiue, deinen fiojibute, ne.\t cmapuKoa, ho ace-ma-KU ne otenb MHoeo. Bojibiue nojioaunbi demeü oema-yiocb öoMa januMambCH xo3HücmeoM: ohu dcjiaiom no'imu ace no xo3xücmoy, ohu onenb jm>6nm 3mo; c humu necKojibko emapyx, A cmapuKoa u emapyx OHeHb Majio nomoMy, imo 3Öecb onenb nondno ema-iioaamcH umu, 3Öecb sdopoeax u cnoKoünan TKU3HÄ oho coxpanxem coexeemb. Tpynnbi, pa6omamutut na Huaax, nonmu ece noiom; no Kakoü pa6omoii w-iiumbi? Ax, smo ohu yöupamm xjieS. Kak öbicmpc udem y hux pafioma! Ho cuieSbi ne udmu eü Obicmpo, u etifg 6bi ne nemb um! noimu ace dejtaiom 3a hux MOUIUHU, - u xnyrn, u axxym enonu, u omao3Hin Um ■ juodu no'imu mojibko xodam, e3bnm, yiipaajinioin MamuHOMii;... Ho aom puOoma kOH'tena, ace udym k idanuio. «Boüde'm onmnb a 3an, nocMompuM, Kak ohu ßydym itCxdamb'. - eoaopum emapwax eeempa. Onu axo-dm a (ümmj CmjibUtoü u.i oepoMHbtx 30M. IfaMMM e,v cmiuiOMU, - cmojibi yx Hakpbimbi. - CKOJibkO ux! Cko/ihko IM mviii fiydem ofiedaiouiux'! «mi««'» mucH'ia ii.iii fio.ibuie: n3deeb ne .»r, t,,v\ v.'iwIm». ooedaiom ocoCio, \ ceCx»; nie < nhi/>\ \u, emapuku. demu, komopbie ne ubixodujiu u nojie, npu-.■(imooiL in ace smo: "Tomoaumb kyuiaHtx: turnt-Miiim*» xotxücmuoM, npuvupamb u koMiiamax -.tmo cumtkOM jieeka» paOoma djw dpyeuxpyic. • eo-luipum cmapuniM eeempa, - en> cjiedyem lanitMami,-cn meM, kmo euie ne Moxem ujiu yxe ne Moxem de-jitimb nu'ieen dpyeoeo». Bejiukojiemiax cepnupoiika. Beci> ajiHiMUiiiiii u xpycmujib; no cpedueü no/ioce umpiikux cmojioa paccmaajienbi aa3bi c uaeimiMti, Cwuoda yx na emojie, aouuiu paOomamuiue, cadxmcx hi nfied, u onu, u comooiunuue otSed. «A kmo xe 6y-dem npuc.iyxiKiamb'.'» - «Koeöa? ao npcMX cmojia? HiueM.' Bedb aeeeo nxmbutecmb Ojihh): me. komo-pue dojixiibi (ibinib eopx'iue, noemaanenu na makux Mecmax. >imo ne ocmhinym;...« Tbl xopouio xuaeiub, mix jnoCmuib xopouatü cmoji, naemo y meftx finaaem inakoii oCied! - «Heckojibko paS a tob», - «Y hux .tmo oöijknoneiiiiiiiü; KOMy yeodno, mom UMeem Jiymue, kukoü yeodno, MO moeda ocoObiü paciem; a kmo ne mpeßyem c*6e oeoffemoeo npomua tnoeo, imo dejia-emex djix neex, c meM neni nukakoeo paciema. H nie «lux: mo, 'imo Moeym no cpedcmooM caoeü kOMiia-null ace. tum npuxomi, - paciem». «HeyxeAU x amo Mbi? Heyxejiu 3mo naiua .ieM-jix? R cjiHuiajia naiuy iwchhi, ohu eimopxm no-pyc-cku». - «Jla, ihn iiiiduuib ni'tidajiekepexy, - jmo Oku; miu jiHidu Mbl. nedb c moC>on> x, pycckan!» B poMaiic «Mio acian.?» ccn. ofipan.i Tax na ii.ina cMbix. «Hoiibix jiKiaeti». K niiM oTHocsTca Jlonyxon ii KnpcaHOB, .tto qecTHwe 6aaropoaHhie nparManiKii ii ux rpya HanpaB/ieH Ha 6jiaro Hapoaa. Bcpa IlaBJioB-iia HpcacTaBjiHeT b nponiBeaciiiin Tun pacxpcnouicH-iiiiil ACHiiiiiiii.i. Ohü He laMbixaeTcsi b ccmcühoII ahi- HH II iaHHMaereB ofimeCTBCHHOH aeHTCJlbHIKTBK). ()co6ciiiiocn.Hi poMaHa hhjihctch yiacTiie aiiTopa I ah um i cpix'ii. oh ficccaycT c HHTaTeaeM ii ae/iaeT OTca-ynacHHH ot ochobhoH ckiacthoü amiiiH. BiiiiMaiiiic lacayAHBaeT h aHTepaTypiio-KpiiTHHc-txaH acHTc.ii.HiKTi. McpiiiJuiciicKoro, oh npoAo/ixa-ct Tpaaimiiii Hc.iiiHCKoro. H. r. McpHNiucBcxiift laiinxiaci BaxHoe mccto b iiciopiiii pyccKoA ny.ibTypbi, ero BcecropoHiiHH ae-aTC/lbH(X.Tb cpamiiiMa c rakiiMH iiciiixaiiaMii cBpo-ncHcxolt ky.ii.rypu kax iianp. JIcchim, '(napo h;ih Komchckhh. /jlpyroM ii copariuiKOM Mcpiii.iuiciickoi o hilihctc« Huhu lau \ ii ki an ipoiiH'i , lofipu 1106011 (1836 1861). (höh ncpiibie kpyiinijc .iincpaiypoiieaHecKiie ciari.H oh iianiica.i 6yaynn ewe cryacHTOM. Hccmo-ipn na in. mo im yMcp 11 25 aciiiCM 110 ipacrc, oera-Biia pn.i 11p01111naTca1.111.1x pafxiT. ii koTopux aat'T OllCIlky IipoHillCaCHIIHM COlipCMCIIIINX iiiicai cjicH. Hanp., - 'Imo mtikne oTuioMottuiuna'.''» (1859) o poxia HC 'OfijtOMIHI* I nll'l.ipnH.1 iuih «JlyH (NM ti mi'm-hom uapemae» (1860) o nnecax Ociponcxoio lUlii «lafiiribic JiKiaii» (1861) o npoic QoCTOCaCMTO, C npiixoaoM 11 .inicpaiypy niicaic.icli iicanopHii-cKoro npoiicxoAaciiiiH iiaMCHaKrrcH 11 cc pa ihiitiiii 111-MCHCima. XyaoAcciHciiiiaH npoia r.iyfxiKO ;uh|i<|ic-pciiiiiipyci'CH ocoucHiio 11 oTuiacni Aaii|xiii. IIcxd.ih in lpa.niiiiiH "Haiypa.ii.noll iiiko.ii.i», ii neu i|MipMiipyHii CH aiic ixHoiiiihie icuaeiiuiiii. IIcpiux. n|x-acraii.icii nax iiiopHccTBOM Ca.iibikoiia lUcapima, Jlcckoiia, 11a poaiiiikoB, iiaci no nyni mik.ni «mini onepKOB. B paMKax BTopoll reiiacnnini iiafiaKiaaercx npo-ueec coeaHHeiiHX coinia.ii.iioro anaaii ia. xapaxTep-Horo a.ix i|ih HioaoniHecKoro oHepxa. C anajiii «1x1 ncHxoaornhcckhm. yrnyO^xcTex ^THHCcxax npoR^c-MaTiixa. K Heft caeayeT othccth THopneeTBo bc/ih- KHX pOMaHHCTOB HTopOÜ IIOJIOBHHI.I 19-OrO BCK3 (Typi ciicii 11 npcAac iiccro Toacioil 11 /'ixtix'hckiiII). B npoic 60-ux loaoii eyuiecTByKir Taxac eyobCK-niiino-aiipiiHeckiic 11011ecTBOBaTC.ii.ilMC crpyKlypi.i. nii.iy'iniinnic 11 aa.ii.iiciiiiieM pa iunnie 11 niopHCcnic Kopo^eHKo ii IapiniiHa. B aineparypiioM koinckcic 6()-i.ix niaini iwahix' mccto iaiiHMaKir aeMoxpaniHCCKiie npinaiiKH, Ha-iMBacMbie ia ux HeaiiopxiicKoe npoiicxoAaeHHc «MyXIlUKHMH li'Mi'l I .1 ' .1M II ■ DO CpailHClIHKl e o6pa loiiaHHMMn 11 Marcpiia.ibHii iiueeneHeiiiii.iMM ailopHHCkllXIH nilCaTCJlXMH, OHH CO'iaaMIT CBOII lipo HiBCaCHHX H AOBOJIhHO TpyaHblX ycVlOBHXX. BOOBH- TMiiaanci. 11 o6pa lonanne niuiynajin b npaiiocjiaiiiii.ix ccMiinapiixx iiiiiMiro ypoimx 11 bcki aiiuii. hm npii-xoan.iixi. lapafiaii.inaii. cpeacTBa Ha xhihb. Ohii HHixxi ii aiiTeparypy onwT en«x;H Tpyanoft cyai>fii.i. 11 iiiopaAaKiT pyceKoro iiHTcajiiireHTa-pa ihohiihii.i. cm iiuciiinaiiiic 11 An iiicniii.ic ncpcnckTiiBM. 26 27 CaMUM KpynHMM cpcAM nMcareAeft-pa ihomhhucb XH.ixctc» llHKO.IUH IrpUCHMOBHM lIoMHAOKCKMH (1835-1863). B KHHrc -Oiepku Oypcbi* (1862) airrop oiincbiiiaci tipoiiecc Hociiiiiamix ii npawKViaBHoJi ce-Miiiiapiiii (fiypcc). ;iacr ra.iepcKi acctokhx h nbXHbix yimcACH. kinopuc yfiiiBaMrr y cryaeHTOB HHTepec k lUYkC ÄIIIIICIIIIUH II) II, HCAHopXHCKOm HHTeA.Tll- icHia nokaiaii b noBccrxx (MNMONCBM (•uicmbe» (I860) m 'Mwtomw (1861). Mhko iaM Huch.ii.i-hhm >'riH'iii'KHH (1837-1889) nofipaxan b cBoiix nponMnenax aepciiHK). 06-pai ;icpcHHH b ignuM «Ow/ku ttapodhoeo fkmrn (1858-186!) - 3To mccto, rae *HByT npHMiiniBiibie. cycBcpHuc akviii. i lypojioBaHHue hchmhochmoH rK-.iiiiiKin B iio.imn 50 i4x - 60-wx rr. cymccTByKiT abb Ha-iip.iii iciiiim AitopxHCKax iio.vihx «micToro HCKyc-.11.1 ii iio.imx icMokpaniieckax. rpaAAaHcuax. K iicpiuiMy iiaiipaii.icmiKi npiimiAACAar TwrHeB, ci A k 'In.u him. ki> nmptiMy iiapil.'iy c OlapeiiWM ii llikp.Hiiii - Mm i i.ic lui.vri.i» oiiiipaHHCH na poMaH- THMCCKyK) 3CTeTHK.y H (J)H/IOCOCpHK). Kopmi rpa*. AaHCKofi no33HH ciieayeT iicklh i, b TBopiecTBe ;iep. MOHTOBa H AeKa6pHCTOB. eAop Hb3hobhh TiomeB (1803-1873) - opiim. HaAbllblH n03T. B CBOHX CTHXaX CTABHT BOnpiK« o einbiege XH3HH, yKa3HBaeT napaAAe/m Me*ay ay. woii MCAOBeica h npupcmoii, nmueT npeKpacHyK) ak> GoiiHyro Jinpwcy. CTHXOTBOpCHHX BTOporO npeflCTaBHTeAX «mhct0- ro HCKyccTBa» - no3Ta AeTa-IlIeHuieHa (1820-1892) nepeaawT HacTpoeHHi aBTopa. Oh chhtba, mto hcthhh3h no33iia aoaahj yXOAHTb OT fleHCTBHTeJlhHOCTH H nosTOMy c npcHt- opcACHiieM roBopii.T o rpa>KAaHCKoft no33HH, koto-past bhaht CBoe npM3B3HHe b cnyiKemiH HapoAj. Mhoio cthxob y OeTa HamicaHO Ha Tevty pycckoi npiipoAbi. npHpoAa y Hero hc cum ;;uu c weAOBeMe-ckhm TpyAOM, a BbicTynaex . nuni. kbk oobeKT 3CTt-THMecKoro HacAaxAeHHH. BaAHa b no33HH xyAo*Hii-Ka h TeMa aio6bh, oh yineex xopoiuo ncpcAaTk nepeAHRaHiix bakiGachhwx. 40-bix roAOB HcKpacoR c6.ihih.icii c Bcahhckhm II 3to IHakOMCTBO IIOHAHX.to Ha XyAOACCTBCHHUH pocT aBTopa. C 1846 r. oh trraA Boir.naaAXTb «Co- lipeMfllltUk», me COTpyAHHHüCr C -k'Mi >i.j m i mm, cKiifl iiHicAAHreimiicll KpiiTHKa meto orMcMacT «cupuryKi ApaMy» llckpacoBa, oh ak>6ha hccth apitcTokpant'iockiiH o6pai ahihh, ii iBCCTiia cro iTpacTi, k oxo-re h k kapioHimii hi pe, la tth c.iaoo-cTH on co6oii npcHc6|x:i a.i, ho kbk mm iipoHiumei BblCOKIIC lipailCrllCHHbie k.l'lit i li.i B 187() r. HcKpacoH ia6oACA pakoM h nepci Ana roAii yMep. Ero noxopoHbi craAit MaHH(pecTai|Ml BporpccCHBHbiX etui Poccmt, c pen.1(1 BbicrymiA (I) M. /lot'TOCBCKHH. II m. ( lll\(llll(l|HIIHH Kdlhtfx'JIUUlX IUI /iv (HcpiUH IIO.HIIIIIIla 1(1 i.u i 11. II ill I IIi.miiuiiii (iirpiiaii iio.iimiiiia 40-ijx niiinii 3ayku ii Me'tntH - c6opiiHk (1840) Ihi.mi ii spuAdanuit (1856) I'll i.iiuiii.irnuH v iHii>iii)nti.-i> ;«if)jK' u)u (1858) flu Uwi.-e (1860) I'unoph lui 'lue (I860) [Iwi demeü (1860) Ilm . i,'.)/(;/«■ tin im c6opiuik ( I*77| [l03Mbl KopofieüHUKU (1861) Opium, Miimh lojitkimtkax (1863) Moptri-KpacHuu hoc (1863) XCejifimiM <)<)/*>.■<( (1864) AedyuHu (1870) PyccKtie Aeitwuiibi (1871-72) Kom\ im l'yiu Aumu xepowo (1873-78) HllKd.KlÜ A/ICKCCeBHM HeKpacoB (1821-1878) H. A. HcKpacoH - BCAHManuiiilt novi 60 - 70-ux ro-.iiiii. kpyina-lluiiili npcACTaBHTeAb rpa*AancM)h im nun. ho h cowre.ib npcxpacHbix AK)6oniibix Mhko chkm MckpaCdR UHKAOB. TcMa'iH4CCKH ero TBOpWeCTBO CBHiaHO c ropoAOM h AepeBHeii, BbicTynaeT KaK oaAAaAHCT, nyÖAHUHCT H caTHpHK. H. A. HeKpacoB poAHAca na Yspamie b noineuiH-Mbeil ceMbe. fleTCTBO npoBeA b ycaAbße IpeujHCBo b HpocAaBCKoii ryöepHHH. Otcu nosTa 6wa Ma.io ()6pa30BaHHbIM, XeCTOKHM H ACCnOTHMHblM MCAO- bckom, oTqero cTpaAa^a Ao6paa h noKopHan MaTb no;ria. BneqaTACHHH ot HepaAOCTHoro AeTCTBa iiaujjiii orpa^cHHc b MHornx CTHxoTBopeHHHX xy-AojKiiiiKa («PoduHa», «Pbiifaph na nac»). FIoCAe na-THAeTiiero o6yicHiia b JIpocAaBCKofi rHMHaiiiii HeKpacoB yexaji b ricrcpGypr h noirryniiA b yHH-nepcHTer. OTeu, y3HaB o penicillin cbma, OTpcncd or Hero h oTKa'jaA eviy b MarepHajibHoü noAAep*-Ke. ByflyujHii no3T OHyTHJica b nojiOÄeHim HeflBO-pHHCKoro HHTeAAiireiiTa, einy npnxoAHAOci» :iapa6a-TbiBaTb Ha *H3Hb. Oh nHcaA peueH3HH, oiepKH. Aaxe ACTc'KHe nbeew, nepeBOAHA, AanaA nacTHbie ypoKii. 3ra aimiii, noiBOAHAa einy no3HaKOMHTbC>i c comiaAbHbiMii HinaMH neTep6ypra. y>Ke b HaiaAe Iii pi..i i Kiiiira HcKpacoBa «Joyiu m juevmu- öbuia iipiiiiHia KpiniiKoli orpimaTCAbHo. JlHTcpaTypiivK) HIBCCIllOCIb npilHÜC CMy cßtipHHK CTHXOTBOpCllllii I 1856 i. C6optiiiK npcAcraBJiHCT CO0OM Bi.i6op Ayi-uiHX cnixoii aiiropa 40-bix ii 50-bix roAoii. Klima oi KpHMeiCH ACKAapaiiiiiiibiM CTiixoTiiopeiiiieM «llo:mi ii tpaxdaHim». 0b0 iiaiincaHO H (|m)pMe AiiaAora, no- H ii i paAAailllH ii IICM CIHipxT o UCJ1HX *n Hin, CMHC- -•ic iicKyccTHa, o pojiH xyAOAHHka n ooiucctbc y*e H ncpBMx npoH iBeACHHHX no3Ta oTpaacacTC» couiiajii,Ho-yp6aniicTiitot MOMCIII CXI ii.iiiaeTCH B CTiixoTHopemixx «Bop», «PpudoK», -BaiihKü'. CrHXOTBopcHHB HcKpacoBa - 3to mhhh.i IKipill.K- liciopilll B COKpaiUCHHOlt ((«ipMC. ck)*ct ko-ropiMX AHlllb HaMCHCH. B OTAHMlie ot HapOAHIIKOB. HcKpacimy nyAAa KHUBCrfc k ropoAy. Oh hbaxct-i» MpcAiiiccriiciiiiiikOM ypfiaiiHcniHCCKoll 110311111. ko-ropax laiiiiMaci na*noc mccto b CBponclk'Kolt ahtc-paTypc. Ha pyccKoii iiohbc 011a pa iBHBacrcx rioiAC. na ncpc.noMC 19 - 20-oro bb.. HanpiiMcp. b 110.1 um ÜAOKa H bpKICOBa. B TBopMecTBe HcKpacoBa yAeAxcxcx ■nam raic*c npo6AeMaTHKC AcpeBHii. TcmoII ero «Aepc- hchckhx» cTiixoit, kak ii "i(i|x>;ickiix•>, "lame Bcero crajia ipaieAiix iipocroro 'icvioBcxa. Ilo.vr iiiuiii 1 cip.i.iaiiiiH Haptvia. cro io|k-, 110 iak*c m.ipa*acr Hcpy 11 cro npaiici iicmibic cn.11,1. Bcpiiiiiiioii xyAoACciiiciHibix crpcM.icmiil llckpa-coiia xii.iHioTcH muMbi. h mix iicno. 11, Kilian iicci. cro no.vni'iccKiili oiibn, ofibciiniciibi pa 1111,1c *aiipom,ic ((«ipMbi ii npiicMu: cnixoriiopiiMÜ o'icpk. (|muii, KAopiiax CKa iKa. npiipoAiiax 11 rpaAAaHCKa» Aiipiika h caTiipa. B DUM «Mopo iKpwiiiiiii 11 iiciirpc HiiiiMa-hhh aiiropa TpanmcCKax cyni>6a KpccrbmicKoli ce-Mi.ii C10ACI iiii'mi.i *Ko.\ty im l'ycii aiiiiii, xopimiii» OMCHb lipiKT. C'CMCpo MyAHKOH ii 1 pa IllblX ACpCBCHI. laxorcAH y inaTb npaBAy - «KOMy KOtlGi bccc-ao h BOAbroTHO Ha Pycii». pciiiii.iii iiaiiiii raKoro CHacr-.HiBoi ii Mc.ioiicka. C'ka iohiioc iiana-io iio:)mi,i - ahuji, yc.ioniii.ill iipiicM. C'ka'himiiiktii HCHC lac'T. KorAa no3T npucrynacT k pcaAiicTHMCCKOMy 11 io6pa*cimio nOAAHHIloli * ii ihm AKIACH. ii MSMB BCTpcMaKITCX Kapniiibi ii i ah iiiii man pa uibix coiuiaAbHux cao-CB pyccKoro o6inccriia. B Ay>iiiiiix npii iiicACHiixx HeKpacoB nocTiiraci lUAHCitlllllC npo6.1CMM CBOCil ;inOXII. Cro TBOpMCCIllO CHI pa.io iiaAiiyK) po.ib 11 pa ibiiiiiii pyccKolt iio> um. 28 2S Müüh (VpicciiKM [yprcHeB (IHM-18X3) liHip>iiviiHi II (' l)|)niiciu iipcacraiUHCT pac HHCT lipilIIIMiVkOII) pCM.IHIMU ß CHOHX lipo Klx OH cyMca iiocthmi. aTMoc<|>epy pyctKofl oouiccthch-noft am um 4(1 70 u\ i o.ioh iipoinaoio c Ki.ieriiH. I ypi chcm |Mi iii i, :l ii ii-mu' IIOMCIllllka /'U'IVKIlf i o- au linearem npoiiiait cpean npcupaaiolt cpeaHe-pyccuoH npupoabi ii ycii.'iiA.* puanreaeil k Ciiac-dUIM-ZlyiOHIIHOHC. iicki.'icmi Ol Op.ia. Iii o Man. .'i lll'l.i i.k i. ACITOMIM, h\ Hol ii HCl kiim XilpaKTL' |Him. ima rpyTxi OMMMflKk K KpciloOrin.iM Kpec-ri.miaM llocvic .loMaiiiiicH iioarinoiiMi TyprcucH MiKiiiiaci ciiü'ia.i.i MotKOHCKllll, iioioM Moiepfiypi - IIhuh C'cpi cchhi TypreHc» CMlII yilHHcpCIITCThl. CboH IHailHH iii) l|)IIJl(K'Ol))IIM Oll COHCpiIlCHtTliyCT H Bcp.'llllICKOM yilHHCpCH ic ic, rac M'iymicT KaaccHHecKyio HCMCUKyK) c|>hjidco-<|>iimi B MiKKiiy oh iicpiiy/n.» ii 1841 r., h tom ac rojiy bctpcth^c« c i'orojieM h h 1843 r. c BeaiiH-imim. in iiyoaitKaiiiiio iicupiiaora o loro-ic, Typre-HCB OlJJI iipcCTOliail ii nOTOM rnciuh noa Haaiop ii CllaCCKOC lllH IC OKOHlaHH« CCM.1KII lipiK-\;i 1 i< llcicpoypr, xoim .ioiio.m.mo -lacTo npciM.iiiaa la rpaiimicli, nyaa cro Kaen.ai) myrxiKoc MyiicTiio k paiiny ickoII iiciiiiuc Biiapao. H taamie poMana «Hukaiiyne» BhriBajio o^ecioHCH-itbie enopu, KpirrHHCcKH k HeMy oTHeoiHCb yiHße-paabiibie Kpyni H npcacTaiiHTcaH aeMOKpaTOB. Oma-Hiiin.iii TyprciiCB xotcji naBccnaa yexaib in Pocchh ii Oma urrbCH ot aiiTepaTypHoro inopHctTBa. B nooieawie accHTiiaeTHH ah ihm y nHcare/isi npe-ofraaaaioT cKenTHHCCKHe h neceHMiicnmecioie Ha-erpocHHH, h ro Haurao orpaAeHiie b «Cmuxomoope-minx (i npoie». >Wp TypreHeB bo OpaHUHii, ero re.no ßiJJio npHBeieHO b Pücchki, noxopoHCH b Ile-repöypre. llptm.iiicdeHUH Ilo.lMbl /7<;/>«km(1843) Paieoaop (1845) An()/>eü (WAS) HoMewK (1845) Ill.CI'bl XonocmxK (1849) /'<< \eoeop na (iojibuioü dopoce (1850) Mecmi « depeoiie (1853) PaccKa ii.i JIiwwiuk jiuiuneeo 'lejioaeKa (1850) 3anucicu oxomnum (1848-1851) My^iy(1852) At-j» (1858) riepeajt jimdoob (1860) Hamme eodu (1872) Flocjie cMepmu (1883) POMailbl Pydwi( 1855-1856) fleopjwcKoe ineido (1858-1859) Hoauatym (1859-66) Omtfbi u demu (1862) Hoab (1870-76) Cmuxomeopewt* «npo3e (1877-83) TeOpCTHHCCKHe CTaTbH TOMjiem u JJoh Kiixom (1860) . lumepamypHbie u Mtmcüaaie eocnoMUHanux (1869) B Haiaae ainepaiypHoro nyiw TyprcMCB cower iio.I1HK). b IlCHaTH nOHBJIHKm cio MO.imij ii .'MipilHC COt oi■iixirrmipcmiH. naniicainibic ruui h.'ihmhhcm |>o M.llllMIM.i. K 40-blM IO.UIM OIIUK.HTCH laKAC CIO apaMUTHMCCKHO noniJTKH, ho oiiii ccioaH» yAe noia-i'iijin. K npotc oii npiicryiiaci b kohiic 40-nx loaim JlHTcparypHyMj cjiaBy eMy iipimccaa ny6aiikamin iiiixaa '.'iiinuiku axommuca», iianciaiaHHoro ii «Co- H|HrMCIIHHKC». Km COaepAHT 22 KOpOTKMX paC- cKata H oHcpKa (b 1880 r. aoniuiHCHa Ha 25). Iliicarc.ib npcoaiwicJi yixiic paMKH iiiutiikh «i|)M-iiioaoi h'icckoh) oncpKa Harypa;ibiioH iiiko.m.i» ii cowa;i iioHbiB h'uvixji na pyccKyKi acpcHHK). flpR- CTHyKHUMMH J1HIWMM «'.iailMOK OXOtllllUKIl» IlblCiyila- k>t upecTbHHe, aBopoiibie aH)an, noMciuHKii. Airrop IIOKa IblliaC I CMOIIX ic'poCIl hc KHK Acp'l'liy lOCMoa, HO aoxa ibiiiacr, »ito oiiii no cboiim iipaHCTBCHiihiM kanc- CTIiaM h LnOCofiltOCTHM ctoht aaAC HhllllC mx B l|H- x^ie BcrpcHacTcx uejibift p«a pa miHifipa tm.ix, BHy-ipmc fforaran iiapoaiibix imiob, B paccKaic «Xopb ii Kti:tii!ti.i't" airrop iiapiicona.i .iiia pa iiii.ix uiiia. mi lopi.ic iion;ioiuaH)r pa iiibiii noaxoa k ahhih. Xopio pa ipcniiiji momciuhk yÜTH ii i acpcBHii ii noceaiiTbCH ii aecy. Tbkhm o6pa iom oh yiuea ot laiiiitiiMocrn IlOMCUIBKa ii CHOHM TpyaOJIKlflHeM H SHCpTHClt DO»- aaa KpciiKoe xo-ihHctbo, cyMCJi HaKoniiTt. acHbrn, Ohl.i b XlipOlUIIX OIIIOMICIIIIHX C oapillloM Ka.lHlll.lM - .»Moiiiioiia.ii.iiasi Harypa, MCMraTcab, Ol Ocaiiocrn oh no crpaaacT, eMy 6c ipa i/ihmho, «b KaKoli h tfic oh Oyaer AHTb», «oh fi.iiiAc k npupoae, hcm k finiauM«. B paccxaic «tleoi^bi» HioGpaAciio rpyaBoc noao-Acinic Ta.iaHTjiiiBi.ix aioacli in Hapoaa b hpciiiKiiiii- HCCKOII POCCHH. PaccKaiu «3anucoK oxomHwea» ofibcaiiiiciii.i oflpa iom paccKa ihiikb - fi^iaiopoaHoro HaO.'iKiaa-reabHoro oxoihiiku, KOTopbill qacTO GcccaycT c ncp-cona*aMii. Oh xhjihctch oaHOHpcMCHHo in.ipa-HiTcacM BimaaoB nHCaTcaa. B khhtc mctko iipoaBaHcrcH itaAiiasi ncpia niWTimecKoro TaaaHTa TyprcHCBa - cnoco6HocTb coiaaßaTb npcKpacHi.ic 06-pa ibi npHpoabi. flec u i mein, (ompMdKu) Oxnma c pyxbeM u COßHKOÜ npehpaata CQMÜ no cefie... ho, nojurxuM, au m podiuiucb oxonuiuKoM; oiw acc- maKU nmfiume npupody... on. cnedoimmejib-no. He Moxemc He laoudooamb möiucmv ßpamy... Cjiyutaüme. '.inaeme :m. minpii.wp, *<«<«• luiiJUiAdenue tibi-exami, ueuioü <)« uipu.' Hu uuxix)ume im kpu.n.iio. . Hu meMHiH-epoM tiefte Koü-ede Mu^amm taeidu; ujiuahuü tiemepok mpedtca iiaöe.iieni .ie.-koii iioji-nun. i.iuiiiimu jw-mue nojiocu npomniiyjiuib tut tieCty, « iHipaeax KJiy-Cmmin napu; xaaopoHku iiiohko nimtm, npedpai-cuemiiuii tiemep noily.i. ii ttuixn niiviumniti fia.-pouoe cojiiiue... mm fiepeumuü Jievok na eope; in im.» Ctojiomo, wydu iep. '.iupx umuxivm noxa-pi>M ii oöxtuimujia iiouiröii. ('o.'imic cudiimcx. Ho:u)\\ nßjunii ktiK-mo ocoCwiiim lipo ipii'ivn, cjiotmo eme-kjikhhuü; iidcuiu jioAumc» MJUKUÜ nup. metviuü im diu); iiMeime ü, n dcpciinm. ii ii u'y. .'<)<• iin iio'iyetne. A mo aenuutb mjioxumb 6i\u»iue dpo-AKU u no-edeuib ii MC na pxö'iuKoa... Born u Jtec. Tenb u mu-utuiiit. Cmamnue ocutiu hucoko jiene'iym MW aa.wu; d/iuHiiue oucxHue nentkit Ctepei e<\ia uietie.ixmoi. MiKytuü dy6 emoum. HM (toett, nodjie kpacuaoü jiu- 31 nbi... flariee. donee, MyGxe o Aec... Jlec cnoxnem.. Heu ir.xt nu.ua x mumuiiti uinaňaem u ňyuis: ňa « »'/>>'-com mak ňpeMomno u muxo. H kiik .mim Ať ta.uuú jiec xopoui nouhteů oce-HhK>... Hempa iiťm. u item nu cojmho. nu enema, nu menu. nu ňauxenux. nu m\Mu: 11 mxckom omňyxe pni mm tnťiiituú untax, iioňoónuu umaxy mina: nuntkuú my.uím • mourn 111)11.111 mu) AC.imuMii nn.ix mu (\mni, ofintiAťmiue, (íypnue tytux i)epein>en Miipiio fic.ieem nenoňauAiioc neíio; Koú-cňe mi :iu-nox mu xm nocjicňnue to.iomuc .nitmi,*. Cupax umím vnpvca noň itn.-iiMii; nuiokuc. cyxue Ciujiuiiku ne uienejtxmcx; ň.tunitue numu Rjietmxm nu no-ó.ieňnettuieii mpattc. Cnoktiúno ňutuum cpyňi,, 11 na ňyuiy itoxoňum cmponnax mpetioco. Ha titim nu tiHjpti.mii, 11 omheexee none. 111 /utni,. Iltpun ňttxmt, iipnóupa. utt 1. nu 1111 npoccjiixiuuM ňopoctiM, mim, inikniicit. i'n.ii,uiax. Miimii Occkoucí-iiu \ 060 um um oňitoco etviti ňo ňpycoco. 'tepe 1ne-tiíiii tpiiMUf no. is... no.'ico. ňojico eňeme nu... flance, danee.'... Houviu cmennue.wcma. Ijixneun, c copu ■ kuknu mu)' Kpvc.iuc. 1111 ikiic vo.imu pti uiecaiomex utuptikUMu tiojmiiMu; xapocuiue KycmoMU mipacu uiMimt x Mcxňy niiMit; npoňojicotiumuMU ocmpona-Mit po ifípotanu ncCiojiiMtiic poutu; om ňepetmu K ňc-pconc (iccym ytkue ňopoxKu; uepKtiu Cicjiciom... Ho ňanee. ňiviee eňeme ttu. Xojimu oce MCJib'te u mcjii,-hi> iiomcmiiiiiii.i JlarynckOH HaTaAi.a ii HJlKHUiaCTCa ii IICIO HcCMOTpa Ha to. Mto Mail. hc pa ipciiiacr cil Hhixo/WTi, la Hero iaMy*, oHa roioiia pa iaciihti. C hum ciioK) cy;u.(iy. Ho PyAHH oka lajica cviafibíM 11 iicpoiiiiiTcn.iii.iM 'ic.ioiicKOM 11 tipoA-nara-eT HaTa/ibc noAMHHíiTbca MWM MaTcpH. Bee jxtVi-crwia Py.uina KOHMaiOTCs iicyaaieH. noroMy mto oh hc cnocoficH npeonojicnaTi. npcimrcTHiiH. Hcupiicno-O/ichhocti. k m i oTcyTCTBiic n" in acnaioT Py-,'inna "Jhiiiihiim mc^obckom». (' fiojibinoli xyao*e- cTBCiiHoll GBnol Hapiicoiiaiibi b poManc IlopipCTIJ re-potk iipoiiiiMCCKii oniicaH o6pai noMemimw JlaTyH-ckoii - npeAcraBHTe^bHimbi npomiHmia/ibHoro abo-pmicTBii. ncpenaHa aTMoco>epa cTyaeHHccKHx ;~k(5y*kob 30-blX TOflOB. j^clilT poviaHa «floapxHCkoe CHe:iňo» npoiíc-xoAiiT h 1842 r. Cw^eT poMaHa cocTaB^aeT RCTopai inaiiM(K)THoiiieHii(l Kyjii.TypHoro ABopHHHHa Jlaiipcu koř) II flllopHHCKOli ACByUJKH J1h Ibl. JlaBpcuKHií. Kax 11 I'y.iiiii, iipnna,i;ie>KHT k «^hujhhm /ik>amm». Oh hc-kpcimc xoieT CTaTb fijiH^e k pyccKoň fleňcTBirrejib-noem. taHsiTbCsi b cbocí) AepeBHe no-HacTomucMy ccai>ckhm xoihííctbom. Oh CTpaAaeT ot hIMCHW CBOClí ŽKCHbl ii BAKlGjiaeTCH B Ao6pyK), lipaBCTHCHHO m 1)111, BocnnrannyK) i> Ayxe Ayniuiix pyccKiix Ha-poAHi.ix 11.1 [Mínili - AeByuiKy JlH3y. Ohu tojkc jikióht JlaiipcuKoro. ho oh, yiHaB, mto coo6meHiie o CMcpTH *chi.i, (ibiAO ^o^cHbiM, nOKopHAca cyAb6e KaK cAa- OoBOAbHblB HeAOBeK. /lH3a yXOAHT B MOliaCTbipb 11 sinici 11 ycAHHeHHH. Oahhokhm qyBCTByeT ce6s ii JlaBpCAKHH, xot8 BHeUJHe npHMIipHACM co CBOd iKCiioii. B poMaHe ecTb npeKpacHbie onncaHiia npiipo-Abi, nelíia>K wacTO cooTBeTcryeT AyuJCBHOMy cocto-hhiik) rcpoH. B poManax «Pyňun» h «flaopmicKoe cne:>ňo» ino-fipa*CH KpinHC (pcoAaAbHoro CTpoa, Bbipa*CH npo-TecT npoTHB KpenocTHHiiecTBajB poMaHC "Hukaný-ne» HapiicoiiaH oGpa i pyccKoň xhjhh au oimchw KpenocTHoro npaBa. B ;viom iipoinucACHmi. h otah-'inc m npcAbiAymiix, y*e BCTpeMaeTca o6pa> ciiAb-Horo, ueAcycTpcMAěmioro xapaKTepa, Kuiopbiii npii-xoaht Ha CMeny «AiiuiHero HejiOBeKa». DiaBiihiM rcpocM poMana hi.ic rynacr Go.irapcKiiii li vacht Hh-capoii. Ucti. it o aiijhii - ocho6oaaciiiic poAKHhi ot rypciikoio nopaooiiiciiiia. Ilucapoii pa ino'iiiiicu. iionAomaeT HfleH AeMOKpaTHwetKoB HHTe^Aiirctiuini. líni iicpin.iM ApyroM b jkhthh CTaHOBHTca pycckas AciiyniKa li.iciia. Ona civieAaa, aKTHBHaa; npoTHR bo-- ni poAHicjicii HMxoAiiT ia Hero lainy*;. Koma HHca-pon in.iAcii ycxaiT. Ha po.iiiny. EAeHa nu c HUM Hiicapoii 11 Aoporc yMiipaer, ho OHa OTnpaHAaeTca 11 BojirapuBj npmo. 1 Aaib cro acto. bopi,6á Me^Ay TaiUHTHHKaMH CTapoii, ABopaH-ckotí HAcoAoniH li MOAOAěžKbK) onpcAeAacT maBHya TCMy poMaHa -Omyu 11 ňemu». IloAO^HTeAbHbíM re-poeM poiwaHa aBAaeTca Ba3apoB, npeACTaBHTeAb ACMOKpaTHMeCKOH moaoac3kh. Oh - HHrHAHCT, OTpH- uaKimiiii CTapbie npcApaccyAKH h CTepeoniiibi ABopaH- Ckiiio iKiiiíťcma l>a lapoii upne ia.ici co cbohm ip\ iiim Apk.iiiicM KiipcaiiiiKMM 11 yca.Ti.f)> .mocpa.11,110 loiioMciiliika Kiiko.Taa Kiipcanoita. CfiparoM xoihh-Ma - llaiuioM KiipcanoBbiM - oh hcaět cnopu 11a paiiiuc tcmij, 11 mix apko packpuiiaioTca tiiiAiiiiii.iy-a.H.HUC MepTM rcpoeB m mx xapak lepu, oipaAacrca k,iii(|i|xiiiKiium noKOAcmili. [Iohk/ichhc poiuaiia um-inaAO noACMitkii HOKpyr ofipa la ba tapoHa. Pchiuik)-iiiiiihiio iiacTpociiHaa moaoacab wKTipmia.Ta :rnrr crfipaT kak kapHKaTypy Ha moaoaoc nokOACimc. H11-riiMiio-AiipímecKaH tcmb hhjihctch ucinpajtbHoll ii |m)Mallť -flUM", ACňCIBIIC kOKipill o ll|XIIICXOAIU '-i ipaiiiiiicň 1'occmi. Poinaii iipoinikiiy 1 ucccuuiicui'ic ckhm HacrpociiiicM. airrop CMHTaeT, tm ACMOkpani •icckhc kpyni 110 noiniMaKvr iioTpcfniocicIl uaptvia. IIOCJICJIHIIM kpyiiiii.iM lipou ihcwhhcm Typí ciiciia (Sun AByxTOMiiwil poMati «Hom,», nocnaiucnni.ill 11a (XIAIIII'ICCkOMy ABHiKCIIIlH) 70-i.ix rOAOB. HHiHMiiaa TCMa iilixoaht na iicpm.iil ii-ian rak*c B HOBCAAHCTHkC ll(x.'jTCAIIIlX JICI (liaiip. paccKaiu -ACH', oBeuinue aoňbi»). Iacci. npoaiuiacrca Macrcp-ctbo xyAOAiuika packpi.iiiaiT. imyrpcHHiili Miip re-pnnky liro iipcatAC iiccro HHTcpccyeT, UUM oópaioM orpa-*acTca ABHAciiiie HCTopím 11 hobccahcbhoíí ahihh awacII onpeAeAěHHbix comia.Ti.Hbix rpynn. PoAHAca niicaieAi. b CiiMfiiipcKC Ha Boatc 11 aw>-paiicko-kyncicckoil ceMbe. tbm npoAUA CMacTjm-boc Acicnio Oópa loiiamic noAymiA 11 lacnioM llalICHOHC II laTCM b kOMMCpiCCkOM yiH.Tinuc 11 Mock ne. Ilocne ero okoii'iaHiia nocrymiA Ha i|hijioao-iii'icckiiil i()aky.n.tct Mix.koiickoio yiuiiicpciiic 1 a. rae yiiuiea e 1830 1101834 roA. yiuiekaerca npe*ae 3? 33 bccio »mivihhckuA h hcmcukoíI iincpaTypofl. Oh All.l ii Hi.lll|mil......ii II hc NM.Il. llmlU.I II .ICH iv.1i.hi> nu iii|h.iiiiiu\ npy*ion. C 1834 r. |m6oTaeT Iuh-•i.i|>iih MiiiiiiiiiiiiMiM, LiiaMa-ia h poanoM CiiMfiiipcKC. innoM B MHiiiicicpciHC i|iimaHcon ii llciepfiypie. B 1852 r. UH ■ urneciMc ceKpcrap* oinpuBH.ic>i II MO|X.K>H> .IKCIKVIMUHK), IloÓMHall II KlII.IC. Aljipil-kC, HlIOIIIIII MlK.IC IllMlip.llllCIIHH IHICa IC.Tl. ÓM T iui" IIh.iii A u i.*.ni iixuihm lnimapi B pOMailC "OflHKMHieitlMH UCinopUM' loHMaDOll nOKUlUJI. Kak IlO.l AalCTCHMCM AII IHCHHMX uClTlM-IC.IbCIII poMalITHHCCklIH MCHTaiC.TI. lipclipailiaCTCH II pai 'IC i. IIIIIIM ii kiipi.ipiK NI U ik-III |>C- [mim.III.i lili Ir Milka MCA AS lip.ll Vl.lllIMCCklIM McipoM ViyCHMM ii tmu u-m '-iiiimiki >m \ km nm AJiencaHflp nocje OMIHHUIIIIX \IIIIIK'|K iih-i.i lipilrlA.li.-l ii [Iciepóypi. On |xim.iiiiii'h\mi nm.ipiH.-h ii xomci ciaii, iio.miM. líi ii poMaiiniMCCKiic mcitm ni.icMcnBuei íuux. Ajick-caltap. pa uinupuBuiiHhiii Kp% uhlím mpoao.M. yciAaci ii ciuik) ycaflb6y, ho b jcpcbhc oh toac hc cikkihk-h ik.yilKVIH.IHTI. CIMIII ll.ICa.IM, "llliyMHCIIIIIIlii" II npii- MiipiiiiniHlicH. oh ho iiipaiuaercH 11 Ik-icpóyrij.; no pac- •10 IV ACHHKH II .ÍC.T.ICI KaplťPV 'IIIHOHHlUUi. [oHMapoii ii poManc h iof>pa iha CTOAKHOBcune na-ipiiapxa.ii.noil ii ííypAya moll KyahTypbi ■ 40-ue roaH. CKUKCT HCThipCXTOMHliro poMaHa *0GnoMOe» lipoCTolt. UťHTpa.ll.HMM I CpoCM HH.lHCTťH HflM ll.ii.iiM OO-tomob Oh m.ipoc li laxo.iyciiioii acpeiiHC (Wíjiomohkc. OIMI Koiopoll coxpaHHan CTapblC ipa.iiiiiiin Ohii ho paóoiaMii ii hc noiho.ihhit pafio- ina'icH ucinopoM npii MBHHCTCpCTBC napoAHoro ii|xx.iiciucHii>i. ero KOHcepBariiiinwc b Hanau bn ibi- BUAH HCflOBOJlbCTBHC ACMokpüTH4CCK0T0 .larcp*. Cnopi.i c acMohparaMii h orpHuarwibHaji outHKa poMaiia «OfipiM» nucaTeviH HaCTOJibico paccrponaii, mto oh yuicji b oTCTaBKy. rioc-ieflHHx ABaALMTb IKT cbocII JUOHH oh npimca b yeAHiiennii. Ilpoll IliC RTIIIH PoMUllhl OoiMiumeimiiH ucmopun (1X46) 00MM09(1839) [Ij ichi.lt' laillK'KH (Ppteama Tlcuvuida (1858) TaTb CBOHM ACTHM. M/lbH 6bia B AeTCTBC .I K I 111(111.1M m i 11ii!Ktim. ho poAHTeJiH He Hocnin binuKir 11 hxm Tpy;io;iK)6ne. oh npniihiK acHHTbca. «Hawaaocb e He- yMCHHH OaeBaTb MyJlKH, a KOHMHaOCb - HeyMCHHCM UTk». Oo.iomoh npcBpaiuaexoi b 6eiAe.ni.HHKa. oh ro.ii.ko /ieAHT Ha AHBaHC, apcM/ieT, MeMTaeT, ((111.10-UHJKTHyeT. B poMaHe cMy nponiHonocTaiuieH .wep-iimHbili. Tpyflo.iKiOHHbiH, BOJieBoii LUW11.11. Oh xomn OfiJioMoiiy noMOMb, yKaibiBaer eMy ahihchh)» ncpcncKTHBy, ho OoaoMOB KoaeßaeTcsi. Tcpon MC-KpeiiHC ^k«5ht Qjibra HjibimcKaH. ho oHa toac 6ec-nojieiHo nbiTacTCH nepHyTb ero k aKTHBHOH am um. «06/ioMonimiiia» no6e*aaeT 11 qyBCTHo jikioihi. 05-jioMOBy npiiHTiiee 11 aoMe MujeHnm.iHoii, rae oh mo-*ct enaTb 11 MeMTaTb. tOSnoMOe» npeacTaB/iaeT coöoii ofmieeTiieiiiio-HCHXojionmecKHii poMaH, b KOTopoM Ao aöcypAa AO-BCAen ofipa 1 «jiiiujuero Me.ioBeKa». [lOCINflBHM KpyniiiJM npomBeAeHHCM roimapow OJUUTCfl pOMAfi «Oftpbie», b kotodom BbicTynami paiHi.ie Tiinbi, xapaKTepHbie unn pyccKoH achctuh- tc.lhHOCTH 60-hlX TOAOB. IbimapoB npeKpacHO tHaJi npoßjicMaTiiKy CBOerO iipcMCHH. Oh eyHUI nocpeACTBOM mc/ikhx fle-ra.'ieJ coiaaTb BcpHyKi KapTHHy pai^oachuh (peoAa^iBHO-tpenoCTHHHCCKOro eTpon b Pocchh. OniicaHiiü npii-poAbi. inoGpaAeHiie jik)6obhwx OTHOUieHHfi .hiiiuchw h ero npoie cchthmchtb, HepeAKo Hcno^b-jyeTCJi lipo hhh. TiiopMccmo PoHMapoßa laHHinaeT BaAHoc sie-CTO Ii npouecce pa ibhthh pyccKoro pea^iHiina. /JpaMüTypruH 19-oro BeKa HcTopiix pyccKoro TeaTpa h ncpimll iio.to^Íhc fvron* h «Fope or yMa» rpMooenoM. imrycTBoiuui 19-om BCica hc MO Sonrra. IIwcm gpbi.ioBa pyccKiill icaipa.u.iiNil pcncpryap. llo;»roMy Ha cuc-11 iIxiHHiiiHiia fibic-rpo ycTape/iH, ip.ivii.i tl^liV iřn^r° iiax 111.111 ii[x.-a.ic heci o iiu-cu. iicpciiciciiiiuc c pa i-h .MacuapaA» JlepMoiiroBa hc ciMrrBeicTBOBa-th hijx miukob. ofiiiicciiicHHOMy BKyey. 3a hckkimchhcm komcaiir -"Vis- A^CKCilimp HllKOJiaeBHH OcTpOBCKHfl IlcpHhiM BC.iliKHM pyccKHM ApaMaiypioM cra.i AifKiaii ip Huhn laniii'i OcTpoBCKiiii (1823 I8KÍH. Koropbill Hannc&n 47 ni>ec, (no iicKoiopi.iM B 50-hie roAbi OcrpoiicKiil! c6nuuoTGa c Kpy*- M>M C.'iaBHHII(|lHJ10B, KOTOpiJC .TK)()ii/1H H H.TCa.lll iii- poiia.ni pycCKyiO CTapniiy 11 ciiiTajiH. mto uio HOBoil pyCCKoil AHTHH COCTOHT B OTOpHaHHOCTH OÓpa loliall- Holl Mac in ofiiuecTHa 01 napoAa. 3-rn b ii jih.ii.i 11a111.n1 "ipaAcniic ii lipon ničícímu »//<• 11 mim umu ne carinii,». Hu eil« in OtrpoiicKoro co c.iaiiMnoitiii.iaMii CMipo npenpaTii.THci. 1111 1856 r. 011 C&mueiO c CO-rpy.iHiikaMH « CoupeMewwKii». K /lyMiiiiiM npoii'iHCACHiiMM A. H. OcrpoBCKoro npniia;uicAHT .'ipaxia •■//km 111 k. i ii HbC- cax OcTpoBCKoro crponrcH 11a luiacin aencr, ho npncyrcTCBycT Tak ac -TMióoiinan 11111 pni a. Uplili IIH IfllllH C"l«IH JIHlňu - CVWIťMiS ( 1850) //ť ii (Wik i'«;/iu ne 101)1111. (1852) Jloxodnoc Menno (18561 liociniimiiiiimtn (1859) //um,; (1860) Jlec (1870) bcciipuihiiiiiiiita (1879) ry B0.1111 B aoMc fHiiaroli Kyiimixn Karianiixii aiiiici ee cmh TnxoH c acho« Karcll Kaoaimxa - Acinniiiia ii.i.n mau, .110111 1 ii'iH.iu. rpyfiaa I.imimii ac McpraMH iiaac.iciii.1 11 apyrnc ii|Kviciaiimc.Tii Kyiiciccnia. 11a-npiiMcp. kyncu Jliikoii. Kaoaimxa c.ieiio crpcMiiTCB yaepAarb CTapiiny. onnpaercH Ha pc.TiiiHKi. crporo cixi.TKiaacT nee liepKoiiHi.ic ofiptiabi. ho na cainoM ae-M ona Acclokán 11 Ulan. Ke cmh Tiixoh aoTip. .ikhIim ciioKi Acny. Aa.icci cc Hoc acicnia 011 iipniibiK noa huhu 11.ch Kiaicpn. Karepima - Acna Tiixona iiocniin.i 1..1 i.k 1. B coBcoM apyroM ayxe. OM noflaR CHfqnqno An 1111. ii ne cnocoöiia cMiipmi*:« c acctokhmh iipaiui- 31 35 r M» it .mm- kaoaiiitxit Mesiaci o iMrfiiui 11 ciac-II*. mi naiiimpcMciiHo H Hcfl iiapac-raer npirrecT. ilo-CJK r.'iyfxiMix iicpcAHwiHHR otia pcuiacTca Harn na i imúnne i IxipixiiM. kuuipoiu iiu.ikifin.ia Ona lie h cu.iax niiiptiii*h ľ cymcci wihjhhcm h aoMC My*a. kotopoi o ne .ik/íim, h unii macTcii cMy h H imchc. h- II. i i iiia-cm i|>ai ii'imi.iii 11|x>iinh ne naxoaiii iii.ixD.ia h i IK1.11IACIIHX II Klll'laCI UUIMI All Uli. II IKIJIIiaX Bo.llH Ixi.ll.lllVXl pil.'ll. H ,1|XIMC III paCT IICA «Al lipil IIOMDIHH (iiiHcaiiiiH npiipuiN ycH.iHHacnn ho vieAci wie oraejii.- HIJX CllCH. (Iiaiip IX>|VI I I po IN WRKU1HRCT cíleny iipii- III. 1 ti m vi K.iicpinii.i) ApaMy «/'/x>Ki» iiojioah.i na Myiuxy BCCMiipno-H nice I null Mciucr.HR raiMlio iHTiip Jlconi Mna'iCK. On cii'iiiiiii.i oiicpy in vi iia iiianiiCM «Kamx KiiChiwhiw. (Kl |X Hli k llii lipilMCHHCI Xy.lOACCIIlCIIHI.lii Olll.ll lipo IN ■•H.il xp.l ll.lli HI UIKOJIN». IK*)Hapy AHHaK>TCH, iiaiip., iiapa-iJieJiH c npoioň IiiiceMCKoro. B ero nbe-cax Bceraa npiicyTCTByer npiiB.ieKaTejii.Hijn ckiact n iiinepeciiaR WBRiKa. OcTpoBCKHÄ - Macrep h lUKa, a/iR Kinoporo xapaKTepHO Htno.ib lOHamie iioc.io-bhu; (|iaMii.iiiH h iiMcna nepcoHaAeA wacTo HNcryna-Krr b KaieeiBe hx xapaKTcpHci hkh. 3aiaaKoA oKyraHa mocn A.ieKcaHapa Hhch-.ii.ciiHia CyxoHOio-KoöbuiHHa (1817-1903). B mo-/íoaocTR oh 6mji oGbhhch b yGnlicTBe rjipaHuyACH-KH. KOTopaa Ghiaa ero jiKtóoiiHHueii. Ho ero iiiuia He GN.ia aoKaiaHa. Cyxoiio-KoGbiJiiiH mbjihctcm hhto-poM apaMaTimecKoíl TpHjiornii; nepBax nacTb-• Cuaditfia KpenuncKoeo» (1856). BTopaa - «//pyio» (1862-1869) h Tpcii.H - «CMepmh TupejiKuita» (1869). B Tpii/ioi'Hii oh paiBiuiaeT TpaaimiiH Hnoju u OcxpoBCKoro, luiAHyH) pojib Jaecb nrpaei carupa n rpoTecK. j>*.1**))Um. K k.iiiiiia.'iii iMy. HjiCT iipouecc iipojicrapn taním n mih pannu iiacc.ieiiHM in aepciiini n ropoa Ilepea oTlIIICC II11IM C IIIIII ll.IAHI.lii IlUlipiK k.lklIM liyTCM crpaiia noltacT aa.ii.uic, cnponeAcKiiM mni oraiier m k.m. c noil. cofxi ik'iihi.ih OGiiicc ľncinian iicycroii ■iiiniKTi. uponnn.iaci. TaK ac n ayxoHiioll aiMociticpc. ľycckan jíHTepaTypa umpolt hojioihihn 19-oro nc-Ka - :vro yraKUMOC Hii-ieinie b ncTopun Miiponoil jiiiTcpaiypi.i. Ohb HyTKo peanipycT na oGuicctbch-hnc HiMciieinia. iiohckh imaJiiiniiux aiuhciihnx iieiiiiocTcU naxoatiT orpaAciuic b npon ineaeiuiHx MIHU HX MIH .lir IľI( OcihVuikx'ti.k) pytcKoll .unepaiypN nropoll no-.10IIIIHN 19-oro HCKa hii.ihctch Teciian cur ib xyaoAc- Cllieillioii. iTHMCCKoli II oTlIUCCTHCHIIoll lipoó.ICMaTII kir lliicarc.iii iioka iMiiaioi. kak íiioxa onpeacjiHCT Alum. oTiNKiioBCHiioro Mc.ioiicKa. iMiiorne MacTepa c.ioBa iimyT OTBCTN na iionpoci.1 «hto ;ie.ian.'», «KaK AHTI. MeCTHO?». HcKOTOpNC llllCaTCIH. noflirf)- Ho BaabiaKy bo ((ipaniiy ickoIÍ .inrcpaType. co viaKtT lUijiKi inu o npouiJioM. Hanp. TojictoIÍ, Hexon. Byiiim. Ohchi. pacnp»x.TpaHéinibiM jWTepaTypHNM mothhom XHJ1HCTCH COlieCTb. llpoia no uiopoii nojioiiHHe 19-oro HCKa yrayô.in-eTCR ncnxo/iorimecKii, ciaiioiiiircH Gojiee (})H.ioco-i|)iiiihoh. b íio.iiiuieli Mepe ncnojib3yeT cuMHo.ibi h (|ianiacTHMecKiie npuéMN. PacuinpsieTCH n *aHpo-■U cncTCMa, iioiiiiiKaioT iionbie jKatipia. Kak iianp. m 111 11. 11-1 [ n 11111 paccKai, CKaiOMHbie ajuieropnii, jih-pniiecKaH apaina. IllCTTHMeCKOe TBOpneCTBO 3THX aeCRTHJlCTHfl ycrynacT npoie. B to BpeMH euje niiuier HcKpacoB n nm «iiexpaconcKoli uikojin». (Hanp H. C. Hhkh-thh. II. i. C'ypiikoii). Ho orní He OKaia/iii B.niHHiie Ha pa miřme pyccKoH nosiHii n hx TBopiecTBo ccroflHS y ac noiaGbiTO. HonyjixpHocTbH) n to BpcMR noabiyeTCR TBopie-cino Cexiťiia HKOR.icBHHa IIa uoiia (1862-1887). KoTopbiň npoAH.i HeaojiryK) Airnii. B cTHxax einy yaaatKb noeiHMb aemjuiioíHKí h TpannM mioxh. b mix iiiyMai MOTHBN pa loMapoHamiR n oTMamina Macii. KpiiTiiKH cmiiacT ero TBopqecTBO HanajioM pyccKoro aeKaacHTCTua. TpannM ahihh onpeae- ,uci i.ikAC iiiiMHHi Ilerpa h iHiiiiuiiH'ia HKyfio-xiľia (1860-1911), CBRianuiero cmmi ah mb c peno- ikiumohhoh aeHTeJibHocTbK» Ha|xi,iHiikon. ia >rro o npoJKRJi ao/irne roaN b cu6iipcKOR ccn^kc. Bnana-/K ero no.> ihr iiareniiiHa h peiopiiHHa. Moiiihn pa 1,,.|.1|X)I1.IHIIJ1 COC.UIHHHITCR 11 CIO CTHXaX C MOTHIlaMIl naae*flN n 5opi>fiN. On hujihctcr likac aBiopoM MCMyapoii «W Mupe oitMepxenmjx. '.ianuiku (iumut-.vi kumop*nuka» (1899). B ofviacTii AaHpoB h tc-m naHopaMa npo hi 70-80 ux lo.iuii imciii. iinipoka llapn;iy c abodrhckhmii niicare.iRMH .inňepaju.Horo iianpaiuieHHR (Typreiien, loiiiia(X)B) coiaaKiT choh npoH'iiieaeHHH npoaoaAa-ic.iu ipaaiiunlt penojiHimioiiHNX acMOKparon no i.ia hc c HexpacoiibiM n i .i iii.iioiu.iM Ml. ipmiiixi Ho-cvie noKyuíciuiR na uapn AjicKcan.ipii III h 1866 r. oi.i in iipckpaiuciio n i.iaHiie «Cimpt.wHHUka», uch-ipOM nepenoHoli iiyfijinuncTHKH cthji AypHa.i *0mt> 'ucrndľHnuľ uinucKU». B AanpoiioH CHcrcMC 70 - 80-i.ix roaoB HafuiK)-laioicM .nie rciiaciiiiiiii: I) pa ibhtiic Aanpa paccka la n tmepka lipu nciio.ii. lonaiiiiii oiu.na aeMOKpaTime-ckoli upoibi; pacnpiK'TpaiiRCTCR TaKAe oeoGuň nna cKaiKii. t. e. paccKa i c (J)ainacTHMecKo-ajiJieropHiie- CklIMII VICMCHiaMH, 2) BO' 111 H K HOBC II HC Go.lblUOlO peajincTHiiecKoro poMana, ocHoiiaiiHoro Ha xapaKTe-po/iorHH n ooraTOM aeilcTBmi; nponcxoaiir im ,iiii|x))c|X-HUHamiR nnyrpii poMana - BbiaejiRKiTc«, iianp ncHxoaorHiecKHli, oJ)Hjiocoo)kkiiI1, caTHpHMC-ckiill íl ap Tiini.i poMana Bučme mccto b jiiiTepaTypnoM npouecee Toro HpcMciiii laniiMacT jiiiTepaTypnaH lUKO.ia napo iiim-kiih B oiviiiMiie or «HaTypa.ibHoll uikojin». KOTopa« HloTípaAaei aihhi. ropoaa Ii aepeBHH, ňeJuieiTHiciii-Ka liapo.IHHKOH lilHHMaCTCH aHaail IOM othouichiih n acpciine uoc.'ic otmchn KpeiiociHoro npaiia. Aepeii-HR b h x oniicaHiiH BNrjiRaiiT KaK Hepa laeJiiiMoe ue-Jioe, uempoM Koroporo hbjihcth ofiujHHa. Cpeaii iiiicaicjicii iiapoainmecKoli jiirrepaTypbi, Hbe TBopne-ctbo ceroana yAe yipaTH.io aKTyaJii.HocTi.. BbiaejiR-ctcr r'jic« Hbriiohhh Vciicikkhh (1843-1902). On HB.1HCTCR ailTOpOM OHepKOBNX Ulf K. Ii HI. B KOTOpNX C.IHBaKVTCR LICMCHTN liyG.lHUHCTIlKH H xyiOACCTBCH- iioíl .'iHTcpaTypN. Ero HHTcpccyeT oTpaAcmic iiohnx .iKoiioMiiMecKiix n comiajibiibix yc.ioBiin H pyccKoB *h um iHxrjie peiJxipMN. B uiiK.ie «Hpaubi Pacmepae-«/Mi y.'iMi/hi» (1866) oh noKaiNuaeT ryfiHTCJihHix; iciiixiinc »nix HoiiNx vemnuli Ha 6i>it mc.ikiix pcMec- .'ICHIIIIkoll I loBNC (rfilUCCTBCHUNC II I 111 IIIICIIIIX CIKX'lKXTlUimi.lH lakAC paxipCHHK) «aiXipHHCKHX nie vi» 'im iip'HH'ii >i milí klin n nx"i|i.i ni.i n unk. ic oMcpKoB 'Paxipťiiue- (1868-1871). CrpeM.ieiiiie Holl» II. IIIMCHCHHR. KolopNC lipoH'HMUJ1H II PoCCIlll IUI c.ie pei(xipMij, iipiiHc.io xyaoAHHKa 11 crpaiiN ian.ia nun ľaipoiiN On iiiiaiii iiojioAiiiejibHNe, ho h oipiniaic.il.Hi.ic ciopoHM viiiaaiioi o k.lllll la.lll iMa Bo HiopoA nojioHHiic 70-Nx roaoii iiiicaie.ib, pa-ioHa|X)iiainii.ill iio.ioAciiiicM iiupoaa n noc.icpe(|xip- MCHHoll UapCMlA HMIICpilH. cTl.'lll A.IC IC H C HapQOHH- k.iMii Ha OCHOHC iiaó.'iKVieiiiili i.i acpcnciiCkiiM 111,1111X1 III) lllllk.lKH Illlk.ll.l «// 1 (»'/ICIH'Ml klhl) Ôllfll Htm» (1887-1880) n ff minu utmjw (1882). 'Icmjir VICCI. HNcryiiaCT KaK chmiio.i ciipancajniiiocin n i ap Moulin. 11 ]>•>-■> i m-1. i Tenaculum k iiaca.ni laiiiin na rpnapxajibHoro oTipa ia aepeneiicKofl aiiiiiii. K ..immm la.iain.nun.im ii|x)iaiikaM 70 - 80-i.ix roaon iipniiaa.'icAiii Bcciio loa Muxall iiiiiiim l'ap- iiiHii (1855-1888). ľ.i o iipc ini.|iialliiaH HyBCTBHTCib- HiKTii MM c ero ayiuemiNM lafxijieBaiiiicM. bojie iHcuiibie aciipecciin aoiiejiii iiiicaiei« ao caMo- yCiiAcTBa. jlHTepaTypiiNM aefinrroM ľapiiimia xujirctch pac-CKai «'U'Tbipe .ihr» (1877). B iicm oipaAaercR cro .iiimibiA onNT (ľapiiinii Guji yiacTiiiiKOM pyecKo- KpblMCKoli BoiillN B 1877 ľ.) IJiaRHblll IcpoH lipon IIIC aeiiiiH - MoaoaoW coaaaT, KoiopuH Haa TpynoM yfm-Toro rypeuKoro eoJiaaTa npnxoanT k Bi.uioay, mto HCRKaM luiliiia iianpaiviena iipoTHH MeaoHCka n iiiiihi-naii.i hc ic, k to wwxT. a re. KTO nx ryaa nix-bijiaei. C mxaiiioil cpeaoil eil» lani.i n apyriie iipoii.i iiaiip. « Tpyc» (1879), «fleimtuK u ixpuiiep» (1880). B hhx aii-Top aiiajinuipyei i.ianni.ie ciaaiiu oniouieiiHR Hcao- IR'k.l k IIOHHC H H.IIIHIIIIH Holllll.l Ha IIĽIIXIIK)' JlloaCll. B iOmwmH lanncKax.. nyGjiiiKyer lapiinin paccKa in -llpoucuu'immw» (1878), «Hunpe>ui» (1879) n »XydtKKHUku» (1879) B mix inoGpaAaercH yiiHAcniie n CTpaaaHRe MejioBCKa, CTpacTHNH npo-tcct npoTHH MaTcpna.ii.Horo HeaociaiKa, ii|xxTHTy-1111 ii. a.iKoro.iii iMa. hccmoiuhoII f)K)poKpaTiui. ľcpoR- MH paCCKa lOU RHJIRKITCR .IKVIII. KOTOpNC HC CniXlx'lliN CMIipiIThCR C lipOMH.ICHIl'I Mil SM H iXllHC-CTBe. OHH nepCAHIMIKIT HpaHCTHCHIINil kpillHC H HN- xoa MacTO naxo . 11 h caMoyGnllcTBc. B 80-Nc roaN IapuuiH ixlpamacrcH K aji.ieropn-wetKOMy AaHpy. ">ra reHacHUHR naiujia oTpaAeniie n 36 37 paecxaiax •Allaleu pntueps' (1879) M -Kpacimü Wu-m.H ( IKK\) II lipo *• -Altalea princeps- i|mpMi)ii a.T.TCI opitll HUpaACHa HC M IIa II MCMTU MC.TOBCKa ii ckih'hi.u- ii iiiK.ic.iiiiic man xh'wh yxyfliuacTc» coctomiimc laopoHhM iim.aie.iii. 011 iicpeAimaei Ii iHopicckiili xpii nie. ii npoiax, naillieauHblx B To lipCMH, UMCIHll ii.IHHIIIIC Jl II TcWICTIMI); 06 3TOM CBNIHTCibCTiiycT noBCCTi. *Ha<)ej«)a Huktvuieiiiiu» (ikk.S), ckaik.i ( tu untue (i sopdti.si A.v<'<" (ikk7) ii paccxai 'Cushoji* (1877). B «Cmmne» aiimp npiiiiiiMaci (|in.ioeo<|iiiio Toacioro «iienpoi hh-tchuh i.iy iiaciuiiicM- ii nociiciiaci camooT BcpAeitHocTb. II iiiopnecinc lapiiiiiiia laiiiiMaer iiaAiioc mccto iipancinciiHMll Miip icaoHCua. Oh lacTaii.mcT cboiix i epocii mc lOHD iiMoMpaTh Me*ay aofipoM h i/iom, im ii mc i~n.ni. ki> i.iy de tpa i.iii'iiii.im. lim ncxyccmo rayfkiKo ryiaaiiiio Jlocroltnoe mccto ii pyccKOH .iHTcparype Btopofl iio-.'Hililini.i l'hii ii ix'ka laillixiaci i nopncciiui lliiwi lau ( cMciiniiiiH» . Icckiiiui (18.11-189?). Haeiliio-TBop'ie- CKOC [XI UlliIHC IIHCitreJIH flbl.HI OHMKlIhlM. HalllliaKl- iiniii niicaic.ii. 1HK..1C ii liiaiuiH piiMaiia •IIa mrxax» (ik7i). 11 koiopoM xpiriiiKyoi acMokpani'icckyM) Moao- ICAh, p.l UIIIIIVICH IUI UUVIMaaX C |XI II ii Kl iii ii UlNf 11. 11(1 Ol Hcm imuKiniiaiicb ii anfiepaahHi.ie Kpyin. nro lacrann-.10 cm iiolhii cBoiiM caM(X.TnHixvii>Hhill nyiCM. b noiiccni ~Jlct)it Mekiient in Miieutko.o ye u)a» (1865). iipmiaa.icAaiiicB k .'iviiiimm npiui ineaeiniHM airmpa. noxa iana iparMMCcxaH iicTOpm (iyina ach-ckoil ayiiin iiponm (icciyiicTHcniioli Kyncicckoil cpe-,1I>|. Ucpiiiiiiiiili iiiopnccuia iiiicaic.iH hii.ihctch no-im ii. Ii,im,i (1881» ii iicii .'Icikoii ofipauiaeroi (1826-1889) Ti«ipiiceino ('a.ni.ikoiia-lUcapiiiia iipcacraiLTMci nep-iiiniiy pycckoii c.iMipi.i. (Mi painnuaer ipaamuiii nc lo.ihko I in ii. in. Kpi.i.ioiia. im oniipaercH rakAe na oiii.it Hcpyeckiix niicaie.icH. iianp. Pafi.ic. ii.ui ncxieu-kiix poMairnikoH. lim ii|Kiii.i iioii.iiiii.iii ii pa uioii i|xipMC na iiKipHccriKi Miioi MX Miicicponc. miia 20-ro RCKii (by.nakon. MaüKonckiiii. nocrMoaepiiHcrbi). /IcicKiic roai.i iiiicaTc.m npoiuaii 11 oficraHOHKC KpciiocTiiiiHCCKo noMciuii'ihcn ycaabfn.i ii Cnae- k iJiopMC cxa» - yivioHiioro Hapoanoro DOMCTBOaa muh oi iicpiioKi-inua l'epofi noiiecTii 6e iijmhmhi.ih Macrep, Korophill bk/iaawaaeT b cboh h lacmtn ay-ujy. IIvu im' WJ Mepry b neaoiieKe bi,icoko uchiit 'IecKOB. CyabGa /lernuM ne^a.ibHa. Oh nofihiuacT ii Ahmhh, rae othochtch 0 yBa*eHHeM k iicMy ii k cm MacTepcriiy. Ho oh CKyiaer no poaiiiic h Ha-koiicii ii conpoiioAaeHHH aHraHHaiiHiia 110 nipamaeTCH ailMoft. b POCCHM OMCHb nOMTHTC/lbHO npillieTCTByKn ■Mm, yroutaioT ero b noco/ibCTBc, ho JIcb-uiy, n(K-KO^bKy y Hero HeT nacnopTa, caAaKii ii THipi.My. TaM ero o6oKpaayr h 5oyibHoro nepciioist in oaHiill (xvibHHUbi b apyryio; ho Hiirae ero hc npii-iiiiMaioT ii oh occiioMoujHbiil yMiipaeT. b OT^HMHe 0T t. ycnCHCKOrO, KOTOpblÜ II IdlipaAa- ct m in'iml.' comiajibHbix yc^oBHii Ha 'le/ioneKa, xy-ao*ec-nieiiHblli mctoa JIccKOiia ocHoiian na ocooom oiMoiiicHiiH k Miipy H k MeJioBexy. lim ninepecyeT 'IC.lOHCk IipcAaC BCerO C TOMKH -ipCHIIH IipO(t)C(.(.llll, icpoii lipon iiieaeHiiii - Ta.Tanmiinbie JiK)flii, Macicpa ciioero aejia m ohh, k co*aJieHiiK), CTpaaaKiT m to-ro, mto b Pocchh hx TaJiaHT He ueHsiT, hx tojii.ko 061UUUOT ii yHHJC&KOT. 3tot noaxoa Huae/ineT Jle-t'Koiia cpcaii iipoiaiiKOB 70 - 8()-bix roaoii Ciioeoßpa-nie nncaicjTH npoHB/meTCH TaK ac b (JxipMe cm iipo-ibi. Oh coeaHHHeT b hhx 3JieMeHTbi ((ic^bcinna. o'icpka h r poTecKa, ho ueTpovi Bceraa hkjihctch CKa-«iiian llllllllllllffB lloaoÖHo ToHwapoBy n MacrcpaM (|)pamiy icKoii npoihi, Hanp. Ba^biaKy 11 CD^ofiepy, ero oöpa iHoe nOBOCTBOBaHHC BbiibmaeT b MHTaTeae Bno/nie KOHKpeTHhie npeacTaB^eHim o MeJioiicKe, npnpoae. iiacrpoeHHH. yro.Te TiiepcKoii ryÖepHHH. Iloc/ie floxiaujuero 06-paioiiaiiiiH 011 nocTynn.n b Mockobckiiü aiiopuH-ckiiii iiHcTiiryr. Mepei aßa roaa ero, KaK jiyMuiem cryaeiiTa, iiepeBe.Tii b npecTH>KHbiii LlaptKocc^b-ckiiii .nnicii, rae b cboc Bpeina ymijicn llyniKim. Mocjie oKoimamiH jiiiuch. b 1844 r., CaJiTbiKOB no-ayiina 11a inaMeimc B KaHue/mpiiK) BOCHHOro miihh-CTepcrna. Cjiy*fia ero He )anHTepecoiuwa, TU KaK eiue b Jiimee oh wayMaji CTaTb niieare/ieM. II llcicpi'vpic iiyayiHiii! nncarc.ii. noccma.i ncpe- uiBoli kpyAok IlcrpauieBCKoro h noa ero b.tiihiiii cm Haiiiica.i nepiibie npoii iBcaeiiim. B 1848 r. Ca.'i-tukob fibi.i apcrroBaii 11 coejiaH b BdTKy, rae iu i\M naa lopoM iiojiiimin. Taxi oh npofnj;i ceMb aeT. Ilocvie BompaiuciiiiH 11 HeTcp6ypr 011 11.1 ochobc MaTcpnaaa. iiaKoii.'iciiiioi o 11 ccm.tkc, naniua.T noa w Miikuii.i Ii« p;i(|)iuii(i| Ca.iiMkoH-IUcnpHH y*e 11 iiepin.ix npo iax niicaTC^i« npoHHaHerta icnaciiuiiH k i|iaina(.Tiiko-i poieckiioMy inoöpaAC niiKi aellcTniireabHOCTii. B «liunxmawioM dcic» Ht-CMacTHbill Mimy;iHH nmer «Tenjioe mccto» b neTcp-öyprckiix kaniicmpiiHX. O11 iinain (|iairiacin nnpaMHaa ero pai-rpoMHT 11 011 norepucT 'leJioBeiecKiiii ooiaiiK (Kipai inipaMiiaM LiaHOHiiTCH fiojiee KOUKpcinuM b «Ty-depiu-Kux o'iepktix». Ha Bbicum CTyneHhxax iinpa-MiiaM iiaxoaurcH DnpoqmH, khh ii.h JKiiiior.ioTbi. 'Icfibi.ikiniij n apyrne napaiiiTbi. Hapiiay c iiiimii aBHxyTcx iiptiHiiiiiiiia.ii.iii ii «jimiiHiie jiKian». lepon na iibiciiiiix ypoiiHHX mip.iMii 11.1 11 oinicaniiii aBTopa iioxoAH na ijii.ix iiiepeli. 3nnioaw, B KOTOpblX HIO-opaAacToi iix aeHTc/n>H(x.'Tb B ryfiepHHH, HanoMHiia-H'T tagen 111 ((m.ibMOB yAaca. Cobccm no-apyroiny. c RoabiiiHM jiiipHiMOM. nmnnw b KHiire JKHTCail iniiiinix ypoiuieii comiajibHoH nupaMiiaw. 3to He incpii. a nacToamiie jikwii. KOTopwe, HCCMOTpa na nccHaoHHMoM lUcipnn kiimy -ryPepucKue o>iep-KU». B I8N) 1. xyaoAHIIk CTMOWITC« COipyaHHKoxl 'CimpeMfiiiiuKii- h no.anocTbio oraacTOl /lHTepa-lypiioii aeme^biiiKTii. flocvie lakpuTim Aypna;ia 011 paöoiaci 11 "Omt'tctmtiiimuy hmuckiix*. Hc CMoipB na 10. «TO 11 80-we ixubl yxyauiacrc» lao-poBlA• iiiicaic.iH. 011 H 3TOT ncpiioa coiaaei ciioii lyiuiiie ii|xni iiicaciiiiH. yxicp 11 iioxopoHCH Ca^iTU-koii lUcapnn 11 neiepTiypre. lipon mc ic 11hh llpnimuKipctuc (1848) iUmymaimiH' i'c ui (1848) I"yiirpitcKUf o'icpku (I8.S6-S7) fluCbMO Hl npoiiumum ( I8(i8-69) lli>.Kiii(i<)ypij 11 noMiuii)ypimi (1863-73) Jliu'iiiiiik iipomiHiimuui (1873) lUmopux ddnoto eopoda (1869-73) luawriti Tuuikciimiiu (1869-72) roaiodä lojiotvictiu (1872-80) 3a pyffexoM (1880-81) HucbMii k nii'ineiibki' (1882) Owm-M (1884-83) llimifMiiukan iimipwiii (1887-89) öenHocTb h CTpaaaniiH. eyMe/iH coxpaHHTb WM» MCCkOC aOCTOHHCTBO. Ca/ITI.IKOB liaea.TH'llipyCT Iipo- cKim Hi.ix ((laKTini iipn-ofipeiaeT b khiiic Mcpru (|iaHracTHKii yAaca; peaai.-Hoe lAcci. HbicrynacT Kax fieccMbicJiciiHoe. B miKae «lloMiiadypiti 11 noMnadypuiu» npeofiaa-aacT anTacTH»iccKoc Haa peaa1.111.iM. B khiiic ii 10-OpaAena acWcTiiHTeabHiKTb notvieiK'ijiopMCHiion Poceiiii. Ha nepiibiii naaii iibiciynaKir mccthi.ic 6ki-poKpaTbi. hx Tyni.ie achij ii nodomu, npii'icM ohh niuib tyioTCSi HeorpainiMciiiiolt iijiacTbW. I'po-TccKHi.ic einyamiii nepcpacTaKiT b npoie B <|)ainac-MaropiiK). rae aeltcriiyHii iie peaai.Hbie aKian. a na-HoinnKa.iibiii.ie (tiiirypbi. I laiiom 11 k.i.M.Iimü ofipa 1 acHCiiiii 1 c.n.iioci 11 napii- conan nue b «Ifcmopuu oditih-o eopoda». liipoa laynoB laceb BMCTynaeT KaK ciimho.i iiapckoll Poe ciiii. 'naoBHTaa campa nanpaiuiena na npomaoe 11 nacKiBmee erpaHH. Oiirypw reTMaHOB, KOTopuc ynpaii.iHKiT ropoaoM. iimcwt caxii.ie iieneponTni.ic cbohctki 11 eyabfibi (Hanp. y BpyaacToro B ro^ioBe Muxall. 1 1-ui p;i(|)onii'i ('a:i 1 iiiM)ii-IHcApnn 38 39 iimccio mu n mi iiiapMaiik.i. .laMHpokaciica coApa.iii H k 1X111.11II k.lolIM). B OTAHMM« OT mt~y6epHlkVX OHep- kon-. n .//< mupuu ixmo.-o .-opoňti* airrop y*c m k>-6pa*acT npocToro ue.ioBcka 6ci luea.iHlauiui Xoth ciiMiiariiH xyaoxHHKa Ha cropoHe Hapuoa. oh hc ckpMHacT cro hciixuiihh B poMBHC • I'ihiuh)u Vwumjieau» Ciatumih ot- k míru li .1 111 C.lllipiJ II pauuiiiaci II HC M ip.l.lllllHH pycckoio pca.iHciHueckoio poMaiia. II io6paACHa All HU. TpCX MOkO.ICIIIIM CCMhH loAOHACHIJX. OIIIICaH iio.ihnA pacna.'i ccMbw^yAeHN mrropon nnraKiT Apyr k apyni rafiiiyHi'ifpaAAy. /(chcthhc. la hckakihc-iiiicm nepiion Lianu, iiponcxoAin n I'occiui uoc.ie pc <|KipMi,i Xomiika ccMi.il Apulia llcrpoima n ciiocll ah urn iiakoiiii.ia 6oiaicnio Ona koiAa-m 61.1.1a cnokolliiaH. 110 ee cnokollciline napyuiiiAo ochimmia- ACHHC kpCCTI.HH. XlllH It CIJHOHbHX Olla IUI.Ill I COliep iiiciiiio uy'Aiix AKViefl. pciini;ia ufiUBIbCI OT ia6or H pa účinu. HMciiiic hm. JlyuiuyH) Mácu, aajia Hy-ayiiiKC. iioroMy uto, >ai ell xa ui.iocb. oh 6yACT xo-pouiiiM Xu . 111 n i. m h ahkihiuhm cmhom. Bc'Kopc yMii-p.iiui iT.iuoiii.M (iciiaii u llauc.i. Hmciihc llaiuia nepcxoAHT k Hy/iyiiiKC. oh BhiroHxeT Man. in AOMy n ciaiioiiincH iioAiioiiAacTiHJM xoihhiiom iimciiiih 00-MOBCTHa Ioaob.ichijx On iiccx rpa6nr 11 lice ry6in, ho ciioii nociyiiKii iipiikpuiiacr AiiitCMcpiiCM. Oh nik.i MM n Maicpiia.n.Hofl iiomoiiiii choiim ci.iiioiii.mm n u- inn iifiaKvr; Boaoah lacrpcAHACH, a llcm yMcp no Aopoic h cchiAKy. B Mimic poMaHa MyAyuika uo-II i i hto MO aiitiii. on yfmiiaA n MymiA chohx poA-II NX. h m oiiAaACAO uyHciTio crpaxa. HyAynma noic-pHA nee ucjioiieuccKoc h no:m>My iipo6yAAeinic concern yAC uc moaci cro cnacni. IIoui.ki h mctcjii. on HACT na MoniAy MaTcpH h no Aopore laMcpiaeT. ( '.li i i.iknn n urfipa íha R poMaHC pacnaa Aiiopxn-ckoII ccMWi KaK pciyAbTaT o6iiiecineiun.ix nponcc- COII, KOTOpiJC AC()x)pMlipyKIT HCC HCAOHCieCKHC uyii- CTiia. IpaAHiiiioiiiibilt o6pa i ccmi.ii kak ciiMHOAa akmuih h ah inn iiijciynaci 11 poMaHC 11 nponiBono-.TOAIIOM HiaUCIIIIII kak CH M boa CMcprii. I (ilk A ■■'lll/llA-WMI- CHHACTCAIiCTHyCT O TOM, UTO ipolCCkHO-CaiTipilHCCkOC IUI ICH UC ACHCTBHTCAbHOCTII hc orpaiiiimiHacToi TOAbko pycckoll pca.ibnocii.Ki. HcnpiiHTHoc iineMaTACHiic 11a Hero npoii ibca BepAim. B i|)opMC aAAcropmi • ((laiiTacTHHCcKoio pa ironopa MCAAy ncMcukiiM «Ma.ii.mikOM Ii inraiiax» H «pyc-ckiiM Ma.ii.'iiiMiM 6ci linanoH» - bcačtcx AiiaAor PiKCHii n IcpMamiii 06 iix ncpcnckTiiBax. B kiiiirc npoHB-iHCTCx rak Ac pa KmapoHamic xyAOAiiiika ho (ppamiiiiiH mxvie pa irpoMa KoMMyHU. boAbUJHM XyAOAeCTHCHHMM MaCTepCTHOM OTAH- MaKiTcx ckaikH CaATUkOBa-lUeApiiHa. (Io Aaupo-hum upil HiakaM OHH 6AHAe K 6acHe, HeM k t pa ah- llHOHIIOH CH3S0. Bo MHOrHX Hl HIIX ACilCTHyHUUHMH .iimaMH HNCTynaKiT. xak y KphiAOHa 11 3 tona, ah-iioriiue. B 6acHHX. kak npaBHAii, iBcpn AcňcTHyioT xak akiah; ho b cnaiKax CaATbikoiia aaofiopoii AWAii BCAyT ce6x kak inepH. Ha ypomie aiibotho-ro, HecMOTpx Ha ero noAOAineAbiibie ciioilcTBa, BWCTynacT MyAiik b ckaike «floucimh o mo.u, kqk oduH MyXUK ůay.x seHepajUM npOKOpMUJt». B .itom CMbiCAe nokaiaTeAbHa h ckaixa «JJukuu noMe-NNW». (iikiiii noMeufiik B nekomopoM napcmue, o HtKOmopoM eocydtf-imae xcuji-fibui no.veufUk, JMK/I « Ha coem <-Jini)nnu puňiHuuícx. Bce.-o y tieco Obuio dooojibHo: 11 kpec-mi.Hii, u xjiefia, u ckoma, u 3&MAM, u cadaa. H fíbui mam nOMeUfWC tjiynbiů, numaji n doaojien, BceM itaspax-den! Odilo MMM8 cepduy MoeMy iienepenociio: o'ieiib VA Miiih-o paiaejKKb o iiaiueM uapanue Myxwcal ycjibiuiiui MUMocmuubiů 6oč cJieinyH) MOJiumay... u ne emajio MyXUKQ 11a oce'M npocmpimcmue o.nade-mm iJiynmo noMeuiuka. Kyda deuajicx MyxuK - hu-kino MOM ne uiMemuJi. a mojibKO eudejw jih>i)ii, kak iidpys nodiiiuicx auxpb u, cjiosho myuu 'lěpiian. lipo-necjiucb u aojdyxe iwckoHHbie Myxuitktie nopmku. Bmue.i iio.wutuk na (iajikOH, nomnHyji hocom u ny-em: •lucmuťi-npe'iucmhiú 00 acex eeo anadenunx ihm-dyx cdtMVKM. HamypajibHo, oemajw» doeanen. Jly-Mticm: menepb-mo n nonevey caoi mejio (iejwt, mejio fíe.'ioe, pbix/ioe, paccbtniamoe! M hu'iiui on mom c)a tUKKueamb u eman dyMomi, 'te.M fiiti CMy COOK) dymy ymeiuumb. *3aoedy, dy.\taem, meamp y ceßx! iiaiuimy k ax-mépy CaôoackOMy: npuewaú, moji, jíHtGemiuíi dpya u ukmepoK c ťofioit npuuo:iu!» ľlocjiyuiajwx eeo akmep Cadoecicuü; com up* exaji u tiknwpoK npuaei. TojibKO nudum, 'tmo n doM y noMeuuika nycmo. u cmaaumb meamp, u xmiiue' iiodmiMtímb iiekOMy. . Kyikt »f mu kpecmbuii cuoux deoaji? ■ cnpuuiu-MM CodoiHkuú y noMeMUkii. . A ď"" ÄUft ho Mojiumue Moeú, OM mou a.iaňe-muk om Mýtom o'iucmitn! (MHUko. fípam, ^Jtynuú MM niiMeuiiik! kmo Ae meCr. enynoMy, yMbiuamt** noňučm? ■ ßa n >'*• u mo ckwibko diieú neMumuů xoiKy! ■ Cnuuio (íunib, MMUWMHMMM mi aui/c potmumt. coCipaju»'' - i'kii itui CadiHickuú u c :>muM cjuhuím u com yextui. u ukmepoK yae:i. Mmkfo mu, MOJio jui upe.Mľiiu npoiu.10. mojibko ,1111)11111 noMľuitik, 'imo o cady y neeo ňopoAku pernú-MMHN nopoíjm, o Kycmax :>Meu da eath* tCMMt ktiutMM kuuium, a u napne :uiepu ôiikue aimim. H uom 011 odiťuui. Xonib o .1/11« apeMX iiacmynujia ftH oceiib u Mopoiifu ťinoHjni nopxňo'iiibie, 110 011 ne 'lymmtiotui.i i)tľ*e xojioňa. Beib on, <■ ,-ojioaiu 1)0 110,: oCipoc iiojuhumu, cjiooHo ňpetmuú Ihau, a nos-mu y Hfeo rňejuuiucb kuk xejie mbie. CMOPKombCM VA oh daimo nepecman, xoôuji m ace (íojiuuiť na •lemwpeiibKax u ihijke yňuajiHJicx, kuk oh npexňe ne iiiMetiui, •imo mami enocoß npoeyjucu ecmb comhíi npujiwinuii u comuú ydoOnuú. Ympamuji i)aAe cno-eoCmoemi, npou inocumb 'uieiiopaidejibiibie uiykii u yeuouji cede kakoú-mo ocoCienniMi noCediibiú kjiuk. cpednee Mexdy cautmoM, uiuneiibeM u pmkauMM. Ho xuocma cuie ne npuodpen. H edejtanest 011 cujien yiKacno, do mow ewien, •imo <)a*e ľ'ié'ji cefin anpaae noúmu a <)py*eckue inouiemix c meM caMbiM MedaedeM, komopuú ne-MtM niKMampumui na He a okowko. (I>CflOp MlIXaříJIOBHM /JoCTOeBCKIlii (1821-1881) 1>. M. flocTOCHCkllfl l.lHli M ac 1 HCkAKľlH ľCAblKX; MccTo He To.ibko 11 koinekcTe pyvckoii AHTcpary-pu. ho HiiAxeTCM niicaieAeM MHpoiioro íHauciiiix Ero TBOpucCKHH MeTOA H (})HAlKlxjKKOe MWUIAC- HHe okaiaAii 11 00 ciix nop 0KUMM0T orpoMiiiK-Ha ciiponeltckyH) AHTCpaTypy 20-oro ncka. /("CTOCHCkllIt pOAHACH B MlKklie B CCMbC 6cAHoro MeyKÔy meM kanuman-uenpaanuk xomu u nokpo-aumr.1umiMHia.11 no.MťmumiM, ho aaudy makwo iJHikma, kak uae inimenue c Jiuua wmjiu .vyxuka, CMWľiamb ne MOCMM, Ofiecnokoujiuih luľui.ii.nuku u cofipajiu COMM. ľeiuu.itt: M\AUka u iiiMiumí, u aodaopumb, a ,-jiyno-my noMeuiuky, komopuú aieú CMyme ui|xiM okpyAa.ia Mo.io.loni /'(ocmcnckoi o 60.11,111c HanoMiinaAa cpciy pa iiiohhhiich, a 11c apncnikpani-McckyKi. Otcu niicarcAH 61.1.1 nciiximcckii ucypaimo- BCIIICHHMM MC.lOHCkOM H B OČ lyAbTaTe CBOCľO ACCTO-kom OTHOUJCHHH k kpCIlOCTHblM HMII 6bl.1 y6nT 10 41 B 1X34 r. Aik-tociu/mih nociymui B HH*eHcpHoc \HH.IH1IIC li MciCpfiypiC. MllopoC laMIHHH.l II 1X34 I . II H.IHa.l paťNHJIb II HHACHCpHOM .ICllaplaMCII TC. H(l y*C HCpCl IlU OH IIIJI11C. 1 II OTCTIiHKy, Klk ■tak HiuacHcpHan c.i>*6a Mcuiaaa cro ainepaTyp Hoň .1CHIC.II.HIX.TM. ytX> OTpaMMOCb Ha cro MflTC-pila.ll.HOM IIO.IOACHIIII. fllKTDCBCKHH MOHIII .111 Ca- ■ .Moň CMCpm ftopoacii c CcaHQCTbK). riepiii.ill poinaii iiHcarciH - 'bedHbu juohw • fihi.i oiiyfiaiikoMH ii ctVípniikc "iiaiypa.ii.Hofl iiiko.ii.i» Bi.icokyio nllcllk) ll|Xllt IIIC/ICHIIHI .1.1.1 lic.lllllCklIH. K|llllllk uk.l l.l I olipc.lC.ICHHOC II.IIIHHIIC Ha <|mi|>m ll|l< )H,I MIK' tHSflDp Mmiiň.ioliHH ilucruťiKhiill bii.ih ion iia nucaTc.iH, ho iviyooKo Be-pyKiiiuill xyaoAiiHk ne cor/iamaacH c areu imom Be- .llllkkolo ('lIMIl.llllll K liaeHM yiOHIlHCCkOlO C01UI- a.iiiiMa ii mu.muk li. k kpcnocnioMy lipany lipilIlClII IIIICaiLVIH II Kpy*OK IICipalllCHKCIJ. lIllC.TC pUTpOMI K|I\AU b 1849 r. OH fibi.i apccTQBaH. Hociiiii.ih cya npiiionopn.1 cro bmcctc c iicmi TlIopHCITIKl ,'1CMy ncpiioay oi 'huchtcm roabi c 1863 r. a<» komia aii um au ropa. B pamiiix upo lax /JocToeBCKoro CKa ii.inaeTCH II.IIIHHIIC loIO.IH II •H.liyp.l.ll.Hoil I1IMI.1I.I... ho y*c npoHii.iHKiToi .mcmchtn ncHxoaorHiMa. Koropuc ropiJMH apyiHMH ncipauicimaMii k CMt-pTHoA nai-Hii TbabKO na .iiuatfxvre iim COO0IUBJ1H, hto jto Ha-Ka lamie iaMCHneTt» OCÚnisofl Ha KaTopry b Omck. IlepcAinuiHHM iipiiroiiopiímioro K CMCpTHOÍl KaiHH iiaiuaH uTpaxeiinc b poManax fliKroeiicKoi o. B~LTbllllLe. IX ilHiaioih itpadhin MCThipe rem, \ xy.miacioi ci o (íoacmi. ;>iin.iencHH B 1X5') i mi noayHacr paipeuiemte nepHy-n.cn h IlerepTiypr, h no/iHocTbio nociiHujaer eefin JiHTeparypHOin niopMccmy. BMecTe c ňparoM MHxaiuioM inaačT *.ypna.ii.i «fl/«'.vi»» h «3iwxy» 11 b HHX iiyfuiiiKyeT cboh řípou iiicneiiiiH. HacTO paflH AeHer oh Topoiuu-ho iihuict, aoani iiwroHHioT ero ia rpaiiiiuy. Flocvie MCThipcx rpyjiiibix act ta rpaHHuei. BepHyacsi h tle-icpfíypr, iae npoBěa nocaeaHHX aecHTb aeT aii iim. Ilpoil hic riiiih liediiue jm>du (1846) ^iothmim-(1846) rocnoduH ÍIpoxapHUH (1846) Xotxům Eejihte immt (1848) Hemovca Heiuanotm (1849) ManenbKUŮ eepoů (1X57) JluňmuiKun COH (1859) Ceno CmenamwcoBo (1859) 3ojiucku U3 Mtpmeoeo boj*a (1860-62) y HU'jk'1'IIHItlC 11 OCKOpfÚlŽHHbte (1861 ) lltiimcKU in nodmvthH (1864) 1866) Tlpecmynnetme u wuuaonute (1866) tfr)«íim(l868) Bcihuií My* (W10) Eechi( 1871-72) ílodpoimoK (1X75) K/minKíin (1876) BpaMh* KapaMcaoebt (1879-80) yr.iyfij-iHKrrcH b flajibHefiuicM ero TBopMecrit B jiyHUjeM npoiriHcaeHHii ucpHoro nepnoaa - «Hed-Hbix jitodsix» - aBTop oGpamaercH k (|>opMe posiam ii niicbMax. 3tot npniíM noaxoniiT jijih hciio.ii> )0i» hiih nciixo.ior HMccKoro aHa^inia. OcHOBHaa hicu ^ MjiHa - jto yTBcpiKACHHe, hto caMbiii •iaĎHTbiii iea» BesecTb io*e iJéJloBfeK h «Ha3bÍBaeTC« 6par moH». ,'Iociociickiíh Bhicka ibmaeT b KHure oRnniieH« ii aapec o6inccTBCHHoro CTpon, b kotopom yHii*aer CH MClOHCMCCkOC .1IH. IIIIIIIC IUU. Alllop CMHTaCT. HTO ^C.IOBCk in Ck.TOHCH Ml a 11 pi I •! I [ II1111 ..ipilll.i IC.IbHWX HB.TCHHH *H IHH H1UIHCTCH HCIipaiill.Tklloť yerpciAcTBo oómecTBa. f 11.1*111 I <■ IIHI.IM II|XIH 1IIC.ICHHCM BTO|>oro íicpiio.ia HH.IHKIKH -iiímUCKU II I Mf/imilll/ll /)íl.Míl» B IIHV .111 rop iiMikiJH.ici cboh iiuciui.iciiiiH oř kaicipiii Oh cyMc.i packpMTi. HyiiciBo He/ioBeMeeMiro ,ioc-roHH-cnu HcaMbix crpauiiibix npccTyiiHHkax. Hio.iiiiinc poii npcA.ic iiccro HCCHacnibie ikmh c rpai HHcckoli c> ii.óoll. koiopi.ic coiiepiiiiuiH npcťTyn:iťHitH noa II.IHHIIHCM HIICIIIHIIX (HXTOHTe/lIťTB. /JoCTOCHCkllIl HC XOMCT HX CyaHTb. BCH klllll a iipoHiiKHyra COHyil-CTHHCM K CTpaaalIHH) HC^OBCKa. láyfiokHB ryMaiiii- > IHMCCkllii llai|MlC. kOlopi.lM OT.IHHaKVRH HC 1(1.11.ko «'íanHCKH». a bcc iBopHeeTiio ^cKToeiicMiro. 6w/i lipilHHI H HI.ICOM1 OIICIICII H HTa TC JI H MII HO BťCM MHpC. JliKTociickiiii npiiiiciciiioiia.i oiMciiy kpenocTHo- 10 lipana. Ilo chohm HirjiHaaM oh ctoht ó.uiiko k caaBHHoi|in.naM. xoth npiriiuiéT h aocroHiícnia ta-naaHo-ciiponcIlckolí kyjii.rypbi. Kro HaeaaoM hb.ih-ctch cinaaimc iionolt Ky/ii.rypi.i na ochohc CHiircia npaiioc.iaiiiiH 11 pyccKoli iiapoaiiocni. B nocieaniiH niopnecKiill ncpiioa BomiikaKn ca Mi.ic HiiiecTHi.ie poMam.i ^ocToertcMiro, Mmipwc iipiiHccvm c\iy MiiponyKi cviaiiy. Ilpoaorokt » porna 11,1 M HHJIHCICH K MIM .1 <•'.ilIlllUKU III IloňnWthM* ■ B HCli aBTopy yaaaoci. pacKpi.in. tipoTimopcmiM Mcaoncka cro iipcMcim. ho TaKAC caa6i.ie ctodohm pycckoll icMiiKpaiiiHcckoii oiimo iiiumi, npcAac iiccro ee oto-piiaiiHocn. or napoaa. B «3anuacax ui nodnojihH* xyaojKHHk craBHT pna Bonpocon :>k iHCTCHmiaai.Horo napak i cpa, mí i opi.ic HC iiorcpn. m ak i ya.TI.HOC 11, ao libme Hmchho m iuiahuc iionpoci.i yrayfiaHHiTCH 11 DOMMUC, ii KOTopi,ix, b OTaiiHiic ot iioBccTell ii pac-ckaion iicpuoro nepnoaa. ycaoAHHercH WM hiiihh II CK)*CT. /IcIIctbhc |"1 m.im,i «llpecmyivtenue u NOUMMM» pa iiicpn.iiiacKH ii llcicpfiyprc, CTamiicro mcctom rayfioKHx connaai.Hi.ix iipoTiiBopemill. Ucmpa.ib-HbiM rcpocM HiiancTCH CTyaeHT PacMiai.HHkoii Oh omciii. (íeaen ii No.vrokiy ne moact npoao.TAan. iíihh ihh ii viiHHcpcnrcTe. liro cetTpa iotoiiiiich iinIíth 1*1 MS A ÓC I .IIOÓIIH. HIOÓI.I cnaCTII CCMI.KI Ol IO.TIV1 iioli cMcpru. BcaHiKTbKi cTpaaaeT_ iukac umhm MapMc.iaaoni.ix. c Koropoli Packo.n.iiiikoii no mako mílích. Ilx iomi. Cohh. cíne nOMTII pcoeiiok. ao.lAII.I paan acner uiHiikiaibcn upíKTiiTyiiHe^. 3tm Bne- 'lallTCIIIIIH HO.THVKM MO.IO.TOIO PaCMI.TbHHMIBa II MIHIICHipiip>HIIH II SA.ICHOM CHC; H MIM rcpolt Bílili I . k .1 k III HIIIJH M> Allk IUl klepli. II il'lll.1 l .ICHNMi .111 Ml.. II. P.li k.. Il.llllkull MCI I.ICI II.IIIIII ll\ I I. k Cl.ll I l.l* > HcaoiicHccTHa On pciiiaei. hto iipcxac Hcero CMy liy*HO lipilo<"ipi.-CTH .THHHyK) CBoTlOay. PaCMl.lbHHMlB patle ihci .iMi.iell 110 mi) ijk-iiiiiim ka'iccni.iM 11.1 ;nie rpynmj - na McMiaiiiiinTH,' ilh'"r" koropuc npilina mi.i rocnoacTBoiian.. 11 11.1 noaaii.THHiiucc 60.11,1111111 CTHO. II.. IHIIII ili.|llll>, 1 Boac CH.ll.HI.IX Mopa.u. ucp iibix cocToiiT 11 hx aóco.iKiiiiolt cno6oac 11 paaii aoCTHACHHH CHOHX IIC.TClI Ollll HMCIOl lip.HIO Colicp HiaTi. aa*e iipeciyii.TciniH. lakom.i cyiHCCTByHrr Toai.ki. i.ih tropou k.nci 'piULJji^SL > Packo.ii.iiiikoiia noa ii.ihhiiiicm onu icopmi 11.1 OCHOHC 60.TC IHCHHOI O IIOCIipilH IIIH IUl lípa HC. I lllluill Alllllll |XIA.iaCICH MblC.TI. OÓ yTÍIlllciHC CKipoll po cioiiiiiiiiii.i lc|xiii coiicpiiiaci 11 peci s ii- iciilltf Hocmv lipillU.TIH.1. yíilll I. HC lo.ll.kO poi loIUIIHIIN. ,1 lak Ať IV cecipy cHHacic.Ti.HHiis ci o noci vilka lljiiimsii MNIM 1/ nuku umuč (iini/ihiniih I Hňpy.' nnc.-iuitui.ioct: 'tmo o KoMUiimc, .'<)<• (itjjia cmítpyxu, xodxm. On ocmaitomijicx, u npumux, kuk mčpmtiuťi. Iln oce fiujtn mino, cmtutn fítAinh nn.Mcpť-uiujinci,. Hňpy.' xttcnuwnnn not.luuitutcH jWckuú kpiiK 11.111 Kttk ó\t)nw kmnmo mitxo 11 omputiucmn npocmoniui u mmojiiiui. '.iamcM tmami, Mt-pímiux mtiiitititti. t MUiiymy 1t.n1 c dur On cuňcji 11ti ko/imo'!-ktix y t viii)ykti 11 jkňiui. cthtti ncpcnndx ňyx, nn tiňpyc ttcKO'iit.1. cxtiamiui mnnnp u tiijCicxajt u:i cnajit,nu. Cpeňu ktiMimmu cmosuia Jtuitmcmu. C 6ivn,uiii.st yvwM ti pynax. u CMompciti ti oiiciwiicnitu na yfíu-myio ccempy, ticx Otjian kuk nnjinmun 11 kak fíu ne o ciutax kpukitxníi,. yiiuntiti cco tiuftcAtmittco, nim itidpnAii.iti. kiik .iitcm. mi: ikntn tlpniKhH), u no ticeMy jiuity ee nttfie-xtuiu cydopmit; npunoňnhjui /nvv, puc-kpbuui (iiiijin pnm. nn titi-mtikii ne tickpiikttyjia 11 .wňjieitno, taňoM, cmtuia nmnňtiucumixH om tteco n y.-o.i, npttcmajibiio, u ynop. CMnmpx na ueen, ho oce ne kpiťtti. mtxtitn eít onidyxy itedocmatiajio, tccn nuťn-iu, nyeamtAM. npucimvibiio cMnmpxm na nycamiituii 11 \ nped.iiem 11 codupainmcs uikpwtami,. II do mnco.tma necitumtiaii Jluiattema fibuui npoema, utfiuma u nn-n\\-tnui pa 1 iiancďda. •min daxe pykit ne nnthiiLiti ■V? ■13 uiuumumi, eefie AU140, xomx 3mo fíbui i avbtú neoC>-xih)umo eimet mueiinuu ncrcm u jmy Miuiymy. nomu MX imo monon Cndji npx.no ninmiun nud ee jiuuom. (hin mo. im t< lymb-iymi^npunixhixjia euom emxlod-HVKi Jieuym pyny. danem ne ň<> num. " Meánenno n/ximxiiyia ee » ne My unepe'ň, kak Cm omcmpOMM eeo. y dap iiimiue.li» npxMo no tepeny, ocmpueM, u ipaiy npopyCnui wk> aepxmom mierni, jiCia, m»tmu do mťMťiiu. Ono mak u pyxnyjiaeb. Paekojibiiiikou iiHUťM Ctn.no nomepxjiex, cxoamuji eeyieji, ftpociui eso on mihi, u noCexan ti npuxoxym. I'mpax oxuunmmvi e.-o me Ciojtbiue 11 Ciojihtue, iKoCeniin niH.ie tmo.o umopoeo, cimieM iieoxudaii-ho,-o vomit m,ui /..wv \omejUH-u nwKopee sóexiiim, 01m nulu H euiu Cm u .>my Muitymy 011 u coimoxitutt Cij. t nptmu.ii.nee oudentb u paetyxdiimi,; eejiu Cm um. 11.K0 mo.- i ooCipu utmt, m e mpydnocmit euoeeo no-10*1 nux, m e omiuxitue. tu < de loCpu me u ticio nemiň, mt, i-.-n. non mm, lipu miuim. ikojibko ia-mpyditenuii. u Moxem Cmmi,, u -modelu mu, eufé ocmuemi x e.ns npendo.iemi, u eoiiepiimmi,, imoCm Hupminit* x omemňa u doCipami* x doMoú. mo ohi-hi, Moxem Cmimi,. >tmo 011 C>po m, ľ n m.Di > u >i Mywe-hiih coikvih, Muopijc m- noMiaaHrr era 1111 nu Mimyry. Oll HOHMj'l, TIO mc lipHll;l.ĽIC*HI K r(X.'nUaCTByK)WIIM jihv1mm ii iio.lTOMV iic iimc-1 lipilHO lipo.'lllltill i. Kpi>lil.. Cb<)K) lilllliy oh OTKpNBaCT COMC MiipMC. líi.IolxiH. Oó pa 1 Cihiii oaiii-cnx-pHci cofxiii xpiioniaitckoe CMiipcmie íl CííMixinn-pAciiiRv HecMi»rpn tul to. tto (nia npocni-IV i kíi. (ohh coxpaiiHci iipaiicTHCHHyK) micTory. Pac- ko.ll.llllkoll IXTiiCTCH ľOp/IMM ,'k) KOHIlil ii 1)11 ih.' CMHlilCI yóiiiiciHo ii|x-l i y ilioiiik-m Oh cuiacM n pyKii cyaa, no-rojiiy liio y nem ne OiJ.no apynHd iii.ixoaa On waa, Hlo ti UHM CtC.lHI IIO.IHIIIIH ii Ctil m(HyT KaAayH) MM- Hyry apccroBaTb. Toahko h ;>tiHaore noa iuuihhiicm ca- mixii HcnACIIIKlii .IMX'lllll ( '(Hill CMIipil.ICH C HiiKil'lUHIICM. Vxnui 01 lipanu, ucíi iimivic c hum iui Mrropi y n Ciiónpi.. Hdpye nodne neeo onymiviaeb Cons. Ona nodo-lujia edua ijiijuuio u cejia e hum pxdoM. bbuio eiue trnem, pilno, ympeimuii xiuiodok eufe ne rwmi Hu iteú Cbiji ee fiedimú, imapuú Cypnye u — IftJ iijiamok. Jluuo eč eufě hocujio npumuku ftucíJ noxydejw, noánednejio, ocynyjiocb. Onu nputiemjiu-ao u padoemno yjibiCmyjiacb eMy, ho, no odukiioutn-mím, poííko npoiiixiiyjia eMy cuoh> pyicy. Oho oce ť do npom xeuuujia eMy cuohi pytcy pttiK0 itno.-ňa duxe ne nodaaaiia COOCtM, kuk fíbi Coxjiack, •into on ominojikiie'm ee. On acesda KOK C>bi c OflMn uu'iiueM Gpaji ee pyky, aceeda monno c docoM tti-mpe'uvi ee, uitoéda ynopHo mojihuji ao acé upe.m ee noceuteiiuM. CjiyiaJioeb, mo Jiioßum ee. u imo nucmajia -xe, iiaKoneu, 3ma Munyma... Oh dyMon 06 neu. Oh ocnoMiuui, kok oh nocmoM ho ee Myian u mepiaji ee cepdue; wnoMHim ti Cmednoe, xydenbkoe jiuhuko, ho eeo nmmu u ne Mf 'lujiu menepb srnu uotnoMUHaHua: 011 man, kukoie ßeckoHe'iiioio JHoSoäUO uckynum oh menepb aee ti empadanu». Ma u imo makoe 3mu see, ece Myku npouumíd Bee, dune npecmyiuieiiue eeo, daxe npueuaop u ecbuika kaianucb eMy menepb, o nepeoM nopbiet. kUkiiM-mo tmeuiHUM, cmpaiinuM, kak óbi daxe u m < 1111.» uix'iuuuiuMcx ifiakmoM. Oh, anpoieM, ne mu ■ imom aeiep dojieo u noemoxHHO o HeM-nu6yäb ň? Mamb, eoepedomoiumbex Ha neM-mtfiyňb Mbicjibx; da oh Huieeo 6bi u He piapeuaai menepb co:mameto ho; oh mojibko lyacmaouaji. BMecmo ôuajiekimia iiacmynivia mi3Hb, u o cojhohuu doJixHO ôbvio e» paCmmambcx imo-mo coaeptueHHO dpyeoe. Hod nodyuikoú eeo jte-xano Eaaneejiue. Oh aju eeo MautUHojibHo. 3ma knuea npunadjiexana ei (ibuia ma comux, u3 komopoú ohu 'minima M) o Hock-pecenuu Jlaiapx. B .npeemyiuietmu u itakutanuu- Aoctociickiir MX.Hy.1CH llilAHNX oflUlCCTHCHIIMX ii <|lH.H)c(x)x.kih iijxk'i ii-m. Koiopuc HHcrynaKrr h patiiNx Hapiiaminx K B C/ICayHHUMX pi m.m.i\ B poMaHC -Hduom- liepa ipuHiio chh lana mu-pa.ibHan h nciixo.iorHMeciuH tcms c couiia.n.iiofl :l|».ó liM.ii HM'" (' ('mi.1I.HIHM Ky.lOACCIHCMHNM M.l crepcTBOM oiiiicaHo h poMaiic ncTcpfiyprcKoe ofmie-crno h iicpiio.i ciiiHOh.iciiim k.iiiHia.in imj h Pocchh. \11111p iii'K.i ii.iiiiici. K.iK > 11pc.1c1a11111c.1cii paillMX couiia.il.Hiix c.iocii pacici *.i* 1,1 ih'kii aiiicinm. iiciiiioň nciixiiKii. KpacoToii. y mom h iinyi pciuíclt hiic-loroii oi.iiľiaciCH Haciaci.H (iMinniiioiina. Ona. fiy .'. 'IM Cliporolt, ĺ l,i l.l hc ho CBOCMy *ľ uillim llofxiHHIincii IIOMCHHIKii TollKOK). íii CHOC yilllACIIIIC ona MC i u i cede, cmnaci ccóh naiicciaa Mopa;ii>iio iHinióiiicii. H MiiiiiiKHHC llacraci.H iiiiam 11011.10- iiiciiiic lipaHCTBCHHoit 'IHCIONil. Olli) CK) JHofwT. HO (CTpaaacT 01 ero coiyBCTHiiH. riosTOMy 011a Meieren Mc^ay 1111 m n Gorai um KyimoM ľoroAinii.iM, B oťí- pil ic mih ih MlJUlKllllil /loCTOCHCKllli c i pCMHJICH 111.1 JICB HlIKO^aCHIIM To-riCTofi pamri. (Xiiiici. iitciiiiud iiaca.i Ho icpoň Bucrynacr B poMaHC xaK iiccHacTHMfl. c.iafilJfi «ic;iobck. xoro pun .'ikvihm lipilHOCHT HCCHac i bC Oil HB.ihcich lipil- ■iiiiniii yTuiIlciiiii MaciiiLi.il n.iiiinioiiiiM KymioM l*o iiiAiinuM h Könne poMaiia Mmiiikhh moiih.i cboc ficccii.iiie h coiucji c yMa. KcpillllHOH llu'p'RVIBa /((K'KXľBCKIHO miľ1mcich pO-MaH •h/HIIHbX KlI/hHUI UHIU-. B IICHlpC CKIACľ.l .ICAIIT Hl lnpilH (Ulla II CUIIOHCH. .IciklIUIC |xi ii1iiiiíicich HO-Kp\l m'iiIIIIII.I Olllil. ColK-pillCIIIIC ll|X.VI VII. ICHIIH lll.l ll.lllil Cl pna mHipiX.011 MIIMCCMIIO. (|)H.HX.Ix|kMIIO II |X' III 11io IIIIUII x.ip,imc|xi klIBCCII.. ho IMC 1.1iic. II|X IIIICIIHC) B "jicicii.IC O Bc.HIKIlM lllIKIIII iiiio|x.-». KOlopilH iixo .1111 II CIVIilll |XlMilllil. illllop IILipilAilCI HCHCpilC II HpalK.TBCHIHK.~rii >ic. lOlK'MCCľBil Oil y lllCpA.lIlC I . Hlo .iHiTiaH, aaAC iiaiuiy'iiiiaH iiacH, moaci h pykán itviiv iicka ii|K'iip.iiniiM.h h opyaiic HacH.iiiH. \\ 1h*CI IMCIIIIOC m.k lept hu' A" K. IHIMaCICM 11 CIIOCoOllOĽlli 11.1 M L 111 I I, I IOM. HCoCihlKHOlK'HIHHľ II OÓMMIOIICII 'iccKoc n pca.ibHuid. í' ÍM^lUiUiii VÚVM n uiTipaAaci cíimnc crpi.ni.ic r.iyOinu IICHXHKH. CTpa.lilllllH II lipcciyil. ICHIIH HCJlOHCKil lil'O ll|XIH IHCaCHHH (1I.IIIHÜKIICH ÓO.ll.HIIIM l| MM.I I II Mi iM C'yaiJ")i.i rcpocii h ux nciixo.ioimi pa ihiihíimiuh ! Ill poMHOH flMCipOloii II CrpCMMTCH K X .1 UK I |x «| l.l m B CHiACIilX HCI|K'HaBIICH »lilCIO HCOA II,lil iui 1.1C HOHO poTbl H laÜHbi; TUMIM oTipa K)m aOCTHIÍICTCH HillipH Ac111101.il. aciiciHiiH BíiAiiyK) poai> B no.llllKC In, KicBcKoio inp.ici ofipai paccKiiľiiika. mucio ne iiojii. iyi-tch noBCCTiuiiiaiiiic or ncpBoro jiHjja TlIOp'icctho . M JloOloCHCKOl o II CCI'OaHH lipu - iwiCkacT miHMíiiiiic nox pycckoll n xniponoli iicropmi Taicmfl pii.iii. ich b Mcnoli IIo.ihiic, ncaa.ncko ot Tyaw, r aiiopHiicKofi cc-mi*. hMy hc ncnoaniiaiKb eure h aByx acT, kbk yMepaa ero MaTb. B 1837 r. ckoHMaacH otcií micaTeaH. Xoth oh onciib paHo .iiiiiiii.icH poainc.icii. npoAii.i cHiiciaiinoc aci CTBo, ero okp\ a.i m nmiMaiiiic n lafioia poaiii.ix. IIoiac a line i (iyayiunn inicareaby poacriícniíHKOB n K;i lanu. IIIccniiianimiacniiiM lonoiiicll 011 iiocTy-mia n Ka laiicMiii yniiiicpciircr Ha (|)akyai.tct boc- roillUX HlblKOH, IlOrOM H Ha lopiiailHCCKHH (|>a- kyabTcr. iaiiHriiH h yHiiBcpciiTCTC ne npofiyan.iH íl ihm ňo.ii.iiioio iiincpcca. n h 1847 r. 011 ero no-Kiniy.i B TO iipcMH Toacixill iio.iyiiia n nacaca- ,14 •15 B 1 . li-li lliiiM).'iaciiii xoponiiiM xo ihiihom h r y m;imiii.im iiomc-iiihkom. B Roni lloamie ynopno pafxnaeT, Hiy-•laci Hol opino, i eoi pai|»iKi. HHocipaiiiii.ic n ujmi. opiainnycT nikoay; oaiionpcMciiHo iipak ni'ieokii M TCOpCTHHCCKH IHaKOMIITCH G XOIHlIlTBOM.. Ho ocymccTBHTi. ciioii laMbioai.i cMy ne yaaaocb. Pa-uľiapiiiiaiiiiull úyayinnll mnaio.n. 110 ooiioi y fipaia yciAacr li 1X51 i na KaBxa i, me nocrynacr Ha bo-cnnyK) oay*6y. Ilo coocTHCHiioMy Aeaamwi oh npniin.1 yiacTHe h Kpi.iMCKoH iioiino, óu.i aKTiiB-HI.IM yiaoniiixoM ofiopoHbl CeBacronoan, noa iiiie-waTaenneM boIIhij Toacrolt itaiincaa «CnlO< mono. lUKUľ /'«( ( Aijlbl». lliK.ie naaemiH CeiiaoTonoan b 1855 r. lipne lAaeT xy.iilAiiHK b lloTepfiypi. inaKoMinca c Hckpaco-Bi.iM h apyíHMii n iiioornijMii am opa i opa mu Toraa Mojioaoň nHcaTCAb npitxoflHT K Bi.iiioay. ix K (ícaiiMM. ">>o oipa iii.iooi, n pacoKa lo - Jhoiii-jin-. Ilocac ho uipaiucHiiH b Pocchki aineparop cTapa- 010« H Honoll Ilo.lHHC oó. III III 1 1.0» 0 KpeOTbHHaMH. Oh cMHTaeT. >ito bbahum cpeacrBOM yay'iiiieiniH a n mu Kpeo-ri.HH HHaneTCH npooBeuieniie. Iloaro-My b 1859 i. ToacToB OHpiilBf Ť uiKoay aa« upec-TbHHOKHX aereil H oaM B Heil bcact uihhthh. B na-Maae 60-bix roaoB mmaa nncaTeai. pafioTari. naa poManoM ■■Hoimu UMUp». B 70-bic roai.1 eraa nponoBeaoBaTb TeopiiK) npan-crnciiHoro ycoBepuiencTBOBaHiisi, b KMeCTK iiaea-aa oh Biiaur KpeoTbHHHHa; peiKo iii.icTynacT npo-THB npHBiiaenipoBaHHiJX KaaccoB, KpiniinooKM OTHOCHTOH K (x|lHUIiaahHOÍI UCpKHU. B TO HpCMU ToacToH eoiaaěT poMUH «Anno Kopanina*. B 1881 r. nncaTcab co cBoeií oeiubéŕl nepeeiAacT n Mocny. Sinect oh Bnaea yAaCHyi« numery. Ho on ciiiraa, WO ee moaho ycrpaHini. ne nyrcM pe-I.11, .n im. a nyTCM caMoycoBepiiiciicTnoiiannn. ;'B to i.poM-i TaKJKe ycnaHBaioTcsi b MbiuiaoniiH Toacroro motiibij «HenpoTHBaeHHH iay naoiiaH-cm». Kpuniucckoe OTHOiiieHne aBTOpa k aeiicTiiH-TeabHooni iiaiuao oTpaAemie b poNiane «BotKpe-reime». npaBineai>cTBO nonnMaao KpinimeoKiiil nai|ioo ero upon meaeHHii. ho óoaaocb iipiiMoiiiin. k iiiioaio.iH) KaKue-anfio penpeccnn; oh óbia oaniu-KOM nonyaxpiihiM opefln Hapoaa. B 1901 i. (ihia ToacToň oTayneH ot uepKBii. 5KecTOKaa poaKiuiH npaiiHToabOTBa noeae peBoaKimin 1905 r. BiBoa-iioiiaaa anropa, hm nanncaH o piu.iM npii iiieaeiiHCM To. kí m o fiuaa aiiroÓHoipacpiiHcokaH ipnaoniH. UoHipa.n, null oOpai n oll ipii.'ioniH - HiiKo.iciu.Ka llpieiibeii. Ol oio .uma HoaöioH nee iionooiiioiiaiiHc. lOiiouia MiiMiaoHbKa noayHiia anopHiioKoe iiooiiiiiaiiiic, no laioM Hoiynaei n npoiHiiopemio c inop-.nu k.m epe-IIm Kak n Mo.ioaoro ľo.ioioio. repou CKopo nanu inum lioanoiian. iionpooi.i o omi.io.to ahihii. o lipan oiiieiiHooni XapaKiepno lutn Hero crpeMJienne k yooBopiuoiionioiiaiinK). '>ia rosia no.iyHH.ui iiinpo-k(io oipaAoimo n aa.ii.iioiiniiix upon iiioaoiniHX iinoa-Tca*. Tpiiaoriix noMoraer noiixib ycaomiH ayxomio-ro pgci> Toacroro. B "ĽeoacmonwittiKux paccica.uix» xyaoAiiiiK iipaioiinii) m lofipa iii.i MO.ioiiOka Ha luiniio oo hoomii oi o .lyMiiMii, i|ynoin,iMii n ncpcAiinaiiimMii Knnia oiviopAiu rpH npoibi - -Ceoocmoiuuih u ňťkoópc .tft'i'jMfr». -CfHOiinonn.n, n .\tac» n «Ccaacmonojin itaoi'ycme 1855 ,'oda». B 60-i.ie roabi ToacToll eo laaéT oano in Beaiman-uiiix npoii Mioioiiiiií MiipomiN .iiiiopaiypi.i - poMan tBoÚHa u Miip». B poMane-.inonee npeaoTanacHa nni-l»ikan kapnnia pyookoii ah ihii nopiibix aByx aeeiiTH-.tcihIÍ 19-oro Beka - o 1805 r. ao BoceraHiiH aeKafipn-CTiiB (1825 r.). AclicTBiie pa ibiiiuiotoh b painux Moorax l.npolll.1. H KÓM 1101 [X-HanviOH BbiayMaiiiibio lopoil G HOTOpilHCCKIIMII MMI.IMII ('llilll.l ailMlloll Anilín Hepcnyiorcii c onnoannoM iioeHiio-HCTopiiHe-ľkhx COCMndí n } m íl k i n I k mi m n ororynaennHMii. H ňom po iiopnoi o KiM.i ti loópaAaioioH ooóijthh, oBHiaiiiihio o Boltnoll npoTHB HanojieoHa b 1805-1807 rr. Abtop laccb noaiiopiaoi kpirniko cToaiiHHyK) iiiari. n noaoAiiTCJibHyK) oucHKy aaéT npiKTUM a Klan m. Bo BTopoM TOMC HcropimeoKiie oofibiTiisi ycTy-naMiT n io6paAomiKi Miipiioil ah ihii raaiiHbix repocB poMaHa - ocMi.H Pik.-iohi.ix. Ili.epa lie lyxoiia. AiiapeH l>". ikonokoio. ToacToft npocaan.THCT KpaeoTy pyc-okoII npnpoau. CBeTawe HcaoBeneoKiie M y bot Ba H oo- ■ fíotiitu u Mup (1863-69) M/i/iu KaptHUHů (1873-77) /;....,.....,. (1899) II 1.0(1.1 II m, nu. iiv.mij (1886) // iikIij npiHOťinenum (IXl»>) ACmioú mpvn (1911) HCCTI. ICpoCB. B ipclbCM IOMC H WKipaACIIO HTOpAC h mo Hano.Tooiia n Pocciihi. oihioniuioiom liopoann oKoe cpaAcnnc Miniptie iipe.a iuh.mc-1 mimiio mnu oiiiibill iiciríp ne Tojibito nora ioMa. ho Bcero poMana. B mo i nop n im ihmo ii iiHipa aoiio oio i > m io nne apMMii Hanoaeoiia ni Mik k hu. I) mmi.hiio iioiic-oiByeioH o tom. k.n oJioAiiaiioi. oyai.Gbi repoeii no oo mi. aoi onyoiM iioo.TC 1812 r. B «Hoiinc u Miipr- iimoiyn.ici óo.u.iiioo ku.mimo oiiio repocB. iix ofipaibi rayooKo iiii.immii.iv.i.mi inpo na im j KoHiioiiiiiiii HeaoBOKa n cro |X).th b iioropmi oaMoro To.toioio OOOTBCioiiyoi h nepapxiiH aelioi ny hhuhx .ihii b poMane h .iihhookhx mo.ioir-mookhx IIOIIMOOloil Bl.lOlllllM kpillOpilOM HII. IHO I OH 6. Ill IOOI I. repou k npn|)oae n napoay. C ;m>ft TOW i|x.-inin moaho HM.io.imii ahc KaioropiiH iiepeoHaAcll. K IIOpiKMÍ Ol IHK. Hl OH I 0|K)ll. 0 lOHIUIIO aajICKO oi napo. 1.1 .mi npii iiiopii.iH iiiarii in eaaona A11111.1 lllo pep. Orní iiiaiiie iioero eraBm norám 110. Kapbepy. HMOllIMIlll .IOOK. II|K-,1L Klll.IHMll OOÓdli MOpiUlhlllJÜ p.i Mip.ii. 1.10 n la ao OioMooiiioiniaH Holina 110 lipo ÔyAaaOT H HilX HOTHHHO M0.TOB0M00K 110 MV 110 1 M.1 Ku BTopoll k.uoi opiiii iipiiiiaa.ioAHi iiopoonaAH n i lipu-iiiiiiiiiiaai.mu o aiiopHiioi na - ooMhii lioakonokiix H I'OOKIBUX. Olli) HM0K1T 6ail IKOC OTHOUIOHHO k lipil-po.TO II k kpOCII.IUIM, OnOOOňllN UI.1VMI.M1Ü1 HÖH n.i | 0 BOH M H IHK'T yilKaMII H OOBOpUlall. Bblfiop MOAay ÄO- 6poM h íaoM. Cpean hhx iiuacíHKíToh Anapeil boa-koHckini ii lli.op be lyxoB. (Mipa in Aiiapen n Ili.op.i IIMOKII IHÍMBIO MOpil.l. 1.1H (m'ioIIX X.ipak 1 opil 1.1 IKK TO HHiii.ic nón'okii oWi.io.ia aiiimii, 'lynonio iiaipnonii Ma h CTpeMaeiine Own. noacmuM napoay. Ilo oim h laMCTHo oTaimaKvrcB apyr ot apyra. Ana|K-lt pao-cyaoMHi.iii paitnoiiaaiioT. Ilbop ah nor mviiouuimm >Kllllll. AliapOH IIO.Hla B 1-TOľOH h iiaaoiiiili, yBacic-imiIÍ n pa loMapoBannll On pa lo'iapona.ioH n ciaiic nccciiMH im n HOHopiie b cnacTbe noMoracT CMy npe-oaoacTb aioôoBb K HaTamc PiktoroH. Ho ero Ha- 46 47 if*.im |>>iii.iK.M. mm u llaiauia >"•io.-i.ki. kpaean ucm AHarnaiicM C'oowthh 1K12 r. npiiBoaaT repoa h apMiim It liiipoaiiiickoM cp.iACunn on i Mcpic.ii.no panen 11 11 iiocaeaiiiie ami nepca CMcprwo eraa iioim-M.in.. pamiy icknll ii.len laM cóaiiAaercH e II.i.iioiiom KapaiaeiiUM 11 noa (TO BaiiHintcM npuxoaiiT K ia-k.lKI'ICHHKI. HTO CMMCa AHIIIH - .TTO aiOOOBb K OaiiAHCMy. iiciipoTiinaeHiie lay h nokopnoeii. eyai.6e. Ho lli.cp hc ciaa npiiiiepACHUCM ((niaoeo-<|iiin CMiipciiiM. /loka iMiiaci .no uni.ioi, iae l.eiy-xob eHoiia eraa na iiyn. noncKon. on iiMCTynaeT >iae-hom acKaOpneTCkoro rallnoio oßiueeana. Han ikii k na|x>ay enoell hiictotoh Hyncm, o6pa iom ah iiih ii o6axTcai>iian llaiauia Pocrona, n laayMHii-iiaa Mi: i i BojlKOHCKax. Xapakicp HarauiH aali n pa nun nu H nauaac poMana mm ec imaiiM eine eo-neeM peóeiikOM, larcM ixiaponaie.'ii.noli aenyuiKoll ii ii mih mu- iiofmiHcli Aenoli lieiyxoiia n \iaiepi.io Mapi.H. k;ik ii HaTauia. eepacMHaa, fijiaropoaHa« it nijciiiee cliacn.c ona niiairr n ccMcltiiofl ah mil. Ocoooe mccto n poMane laiiiiMaer ofipai llaa-TOHa KaparaeBa, Ktvropi.ilt oamicTBopseT iiaeaab-Hwc nepru pyecnoro xapaKTcpa: aoöpoTy, cxpoM- HOCTb. OIITHMHIM, lipoCTOTy. B ;>TOM ofipa IC orpa maaci. ToacroBCKaa iiaeaamamiH pyccKoro kpeen.xneina llaaTon KaparacB lie npiiHaaaeAHT HM k llcpnoH, lili k HTOpoll KaTCrOpilHM rCpoCIl po- Maiia. Ofipa i Kaparacna - ;ito Boiuiomemie Hpaii-cthchhocth ii aoopa. B poMane iierpe'iaioTen ofipa iw Kyxy tona n Hano-aeoHa. KyTy ion npeaeranacii kak r opamill narpHOT, Myapbiii. npoCTOi ii aoopi-iil McaimeK. KMy iiponino-iiix.Tan.icn ofipa i Hano.ieoiia. B oi.iiiMiie ot KyTy 10-na, KOTopbiit oaimeTBopneT HapoaHyio eiiay. llano-aeon iionaoinacT aiiiHoe naua.io b HCTopimccKiix coöbmiax ii na iipor« aciiiih necro npon iiieaeima ToacToii pa nieiiMiinacT ero KyabT. B «Boitne u Mupe- micaTcnio yaaaoei. 11 loTipamn> HapoanvKi ah mi. wepei BiiyTpenmiil Miip repoeB. Haa poMaHOM -Anna Kapettuita- Tojictoh pafx>. Taa iMTb aer. PaaBHolt repOHHeň HBaHeTCH Ahhj, b Moaoaix-TH OHa Bbiiuaa UMyA ia noAiiaoro bhow Koro miiioBHiika KapemiHa. CynpyAecTBO c xoaqg-hmm fiKipokpaioM eě He yaoBJieTBopHer. B Mocm« oHa BCTpemaa Moaoaoro ot^imepa Bponexoio ii cTpaenio 11 Hero BaiofiHaacb. Anna Kapenwta (ompbtook) Cmpauman Oypx poajiacb u ceucmejia Mexdy n> jiecaMu 88MHM no cmojiGoM m-3a yena rmanuuu. Ba.-oiibi. cmanßbt, Jimdu, ace, imo (ibuio nudno, - 6bt-no \aneceno c oňnoú cnwponbi CHeeoM u saHOCunoct uce (iojibiue u dojibiue. Ha Mc-nooeitbe C>ypn namux-na, ho nomoM onuntb Haneinana iiuikumu nophina-mu, ojn,iuue <)nepu. .. .Kakue-mo dua i'ocnodtiHa c OcHe'M nanupoc no piny npoitum mumo eě. Ona aido.xiiyjia eufé pax •minou nadbimambcs, u yxe ubiHy/ia pyky U3 Myip-mu, 'iinoóbi mstmbca 3a cmonduK u iioiimu a uaenu. kak eufé 'lenoaek a aoemioM ruuibmo nodne nee ca-mou sacjiOHun tů Kojie^moiuudcu ceem qbonapn Ona otJlHHynacb u a my xe Munymy y.majia junto BpoHckih-o. npii.'ioxuu pyicy K Ko:ibtpbky, on iuikjio-hivicx npe<) neu u enpocun. He nyxno nu eii itti'tc.'ti iienpiixmtitvo u Mpit'tiioco; iianpo mutt, Cm.n> 'imo-mii ptidot mime, xeyiee it tin iCiyxdu miiiee. K xmpx Anna uidpcMtuui, cudx a kpec.ie. ii ko.-da npoctiyjiacb, mo yxe Cmno Cteno, euenvio it noe u) nodxodtut k llemepCtypey. Tomnae xe mijc.iu o doMt, (> Myxe, o chine u uiOomu npedcmoxuieco dnx ii cjiedytnuiitx oCicmynujiu eeJ. B nemepCtypse, monbKo 'imo ocmationtuicx noe id ii una itbiuvia, nepuoe jiuua, oCipamuuiuee ee nniiMii-nue, (ibvio jiiiuo Myxa. Ax. Coxe mou! om'ieeo y neeo • tn,i in makue yiuu? ■ nodyMana ona. enxdx nn ecu xo.iodnxio ii iipedcniiitiiiiitc.ibiixHi ipueypy it ocoOen-itn na nnpu iiiiiiiiuc ee incncpi, xpxufu yuieii, nodnu-pauuiue nojix kpyejioii uuixnij. I,inn,i i cRM'ih e BponckiiM a^in nee MymiTeabiia h iKi:rroMy ona orkpoiieimo npii iiiaeTen emx:My MyAy Ka|x.anini orpunaei pa uxia. rak kuk 3T0 MOSM uon|x' in 11. ri o t ,i|u epe. in , ii in Ae ii|k-mh pa uio.i ii|vaeian aaeT juih Ahum eaimei iieiuiyK) no imoahocti.. kbk civ CaHHHTb CIKIHI All till, C BpOHCKIIM. lie IIO.IOACIIIIC CJioAHo. Ona yxoain k BpoiicKoMy, ho lepacr cBocro .miTiHMoro ei>iiia CepeAy, Kimipi.iil (xaairrca y Kapc- lllllia. JIllUCMCpiIlK' ailopHHCKIX: irfiuiCCTIH) IICKJIKmaCT Aimy hi cbocII epeau n ah mi. e BponckiiM hc oupaB-luuia tcx iiaaeAa. KOTopiue na hcc Aima Bouiaraaa. BpoHCkiiH ne n cixtoshihii nanoaiiim. nx eoiiMCCTHyK) Aiiuih rayookiiM cmmcjiom. repoiiHa Tix.KycT no cm-ny. erpa.iaei oi ii|x- i|X'iinn ix'unecimi u eaiiiieinciiiioli lea mo e>i cyuiceiBOBaHim eTaHOBirrca eoxpaneimc 11061111 I'aju 101 o. ona aaAC aimiacTCH Marcpniiekoi o 'lyncrna k aeiunikc. poAaeHHoli or BpimcKoro. imaa poMaiia Tpanmeii: Ahhb He cnix-ofma Hall-111 HMxoa 111 no loAcunu 11 KoimacT ah ihi> noa Koafi-iaMii nix: iaa II006.ICMU cyiipyAcckoll All mu painiinaci ainop 11 m. nn.p..ii CMiAcinoil iiiHiiii lipon ineaeimx - MCTO- pilll OIIIIIIHCHIin .ICBIIII.I II KII III. (X)C .'IHIIHII M.K icp ckh iicpcnacTCHM, ;ipaManmecKix; eoAiiic.ibeino \11111.1 11 Bponckoio cMCHHcrea iiaii.i.iH'ieekHM mmc I inoiiailHCM o am um .k-lilill.i 11 Kinu ll(epóaiikou JIchhh. ii oi.iiniiic 01 Ahiim. ciiocooch na in 11a mim-npoMHce. O11 npiiMiipiiacH e aelleiHHie;ibiio<.'ii.Ki, ii koio|X)ll xo'ici Ann. A/M apa. Oll B pokiaHC iipoao.iAaci .iiiiiHMi iickarcacD cMMC/ia au um. nu paxaer hacii, capcM.iciiiia 11 naacAaia To/icroro II 70-ue......1 PoMaH 'Anna Kiipemiiui-11.k innen i|xmiioil. Xkiy pyio aiMix.i|x.p> 110iMepkiiiwioi ciimho.iij ii iiomopa IOIIIHIXH MDI llllhl (liaiip I Mcpi I. Il< VI IIIX-' I.K IM II HaMil/IC 11 könne poMana. oTipa 1 am opaioiuoll enenn 11 ap ). KpiriiiHeckoe oiiiouicmic l'o.iemio k ofiineeiTioii-HOMy cTpoiocKaia/iiKb b poManc "BocKpecemie». I'..Man oikpi.uiticieM kapniiioH eyaa. Knau. He xaKiaon h poJiH iipucHAiioio laccaarea« 11 iioacyan-Moil KaTKHiic Macaoiioft > uiaci Mo/ioayHi. kpaen ByK>, MHCTyK» aeuyiiiky, koixipym ob 11 MoaoaocTit eoö 1.1 hihi 11 11010M ßpociia. Macaima, ciaimiaa ii|XKiHTyikoll, ofiimneiia 11 yniilleTBC fioianiio nyii-na. Xoim 011a ue imiioima, ee npiuoBopnaii k karop-re. B HexaMuioiic npiKMnaeica eoiiecn. h oh eipe-Minea HCKyniiib cbok» nniiy nepca iieeiiacnioli ACHiiiiiiioil. O11 111,1 nie ich aofun ixh otmchm iicenpa- HCa-IHIlOII) lipiUOIlopa II BCKlipC IIOHH.I, HTO HaCTOM-IIIIIMH npCCiyilllllKaMH HBJMKITCH UMCOkllC HIIIIOBIIII kh, um, 1..11.ii.- BJiaen.. Hcx.iioaou iipanciiicimo iii'pepoA.i.K'h h oika ii.inaeivH 01 .ipueiokpaiiiue ekiix npiiiiii.iei 11II. inaaer choki icm.iki kpecTbaniiM 11 coiiponoAaaeT Kaini MaeaoBy 11 Cn6npfc, On iipn-xoaiiT k Mbieaii. Koropa« lipo iny-iajia yAe 11 upe-ai.iayiuux lipon ineaeuiiax ToacToro: cMaerbc HcaoBC-ka cikttoiit b aKMÍBii k fiaiiAHCMy, Bo neeiipoiHeiimi 11 iicnpoiHH.iemm iioae 6ora. XyaoACCTBeHHaa eipyKiypa poMana oiipcacaHCT-ch kOHipacraMii. B iicm iipoiiiiioiiocraBasicTeH pi>-ckonmaa Aiiuih apiieToxpaTmi yAacHOMy eyiae-cinonammi 11 TKipi.MC, hchhiioiuiocti, (x.yA,ieniu,ix kOHTpaeTHpyeT e bhhobikkti>k» npanHiuiix. C ßoab-iiioii xyaoAcciBciiiioJl eii.ioii packpi.iuaeren n npoas iie.icuiiii ii|x;cTynHa» acüTcabHiKTb riKyaapeTiien-hmx yMpcAaeniill, eyaa. THipi.MM 11 pcaiirMH. Jl. H. To/ictoh KaK xyaoAHHK cyMca noenmb DO- CTOHHHO II IMCll-IL Hl: , .0. I OCCKOMCMHyiO pCa^lbHIKTb. ■18 ■1!) B eio iMfHMM opľaMMMCCKM comnaercii .niime-CKUH tinipoia MoiiyMcirraabHoro ofipaia .1110x11 c mm- 1111.11 h ipofi MHKtXlllCHXCUHMIlHeCKOrO ar-oaa aiiniioil ah mu rcpoeB. Oh, k;ik aiiajiekTiik neaoBeneckoň ay. mil h iiCKaTeab npaiiabi, okaihinaa h ao ciix nop au. On uHcpniaci aiiicparypy kpimmcckoro pca-aniMa iipouiaoro cto.icthm. ho oaiioBpcMCHiio ero iiiop'uľiiio ninicbiiiacTCH b ai.Tepa.ypin.iii koh-TCKer «tepcnpuHoro iieKa» (90-i.ie IT. - iiepiiue fle-UinUNlfU 20-oro iieKa). 'Icxoii poaiiaoi n lopoae Taiaiipor, B MHoroacmoli ccmi*: Mtvikoro ToproBna. Oh yinacH b laranpoi - CkOÜ I IIMIIa Hill, IIOTOM IUI MCailHHHCkOM l|iakyai.Te- ie Mocmihckoi o ynniicpcHieia ľane öyayni ciy-aeiiTOM oh eoipyaHMHaeT c iomopiicthhcckhmh AypiiaaaMH. rac niva paiHhiMii nceiiaoiiHMans Aimtii Míiii.-miiMM HcxiiH (ii.iiip. Anioina 'lexome) ni'iaTaei iiepni.ie lipou ine-aeiiiiH Jlynnnc n i mix iionian n cóopiiiik paccka-IOB, Hbiujeaiunli n roa okOHiaHiin ynmiepcineTa (IXX4). Okoh'iihi MeamiHHCKHH i|iakyai.rer, imca-Teai. HCMvropoc bocmh pafioTaa upanoM, ho nekope UcaHMiM hocbhtii.t cefiH -THTcpaTypc. B XO-hie roai.i jkhbct b Mik'kbc, e 1892 r. oh nepeceaHeTca b cpca-nepycckyHi acpcHiwi Mc.hixobo B 1890-om roay .. incpujn i nyTeujccTBiie na ixrpoii CaxajiiiH e ue- ai.Mi oinaKOMaemiH c vKuihmo laK.aKiHeHHbix, Oh nofii.iBaa TiiK*e b pa ihmx crpaHax ľáiponi.i. Eine B MoaoaocTH MexoB laöoaea Tytáepxyae iom aérKHx; c TeiemieM BpcMeHii ero taopoBbc bcí óoabiue yxyAuiaaoeb. ÍToaTOMy oh ííbia iibiuyAacH nepeexaib Ha K>r, b JLaTy, me npo*na nocaeaiiHx UieCTb aeT AHTHII. lipou nie leiiiiM I'uccKaii.i 3a6bin!! (1SH) Tivumuii u moitkiiú (1883) C'Mcpmh 'uuumnuKa (1883) Xa.Me.aeoH (1884) Kyxupm Ai'iiumcx (1885) ľope(1885) Mc-nnui < 1X86) B cy.wpkax - ďiopnuK (1887) X.uypbie jiioôu - cfiopnuK (1890) ff,oM c .we.umuHoM (1896) Mv*mu(1897) HejwoeK o (pyitmxpe (1898) MaMa c coßawcoü (1899) Heeecma (1903) IlonecTH Cmŕ»ib(1888) Ckywux ucmopux (1889) naaamaiVO 6 (1892) lepiiuú MOHox (1894) Ocmpou CaxajiuH - nymeetxeMiMemkii (1892) lll.CCbl W«üHoa(1887) MeH. Ho i a k Ac na iix pafMiH. Bo HTOpoli IIO.IOHIIIIC X0-blX l'OaOH CľailOHHTCH ii|Hna HcxoBa Ooaee eaoAiioli. AiiTop naMiniacT no- IHIMall.. Hioliopokll IMÍUlCt'TBa HC.'II.IH . TC'IIIT I. . Tlllllb CMCxoM. On oeoiHaer. i i. iocoi|iiih icpiiin iiopa Acinic. B i|iiina.ic iiohccih Piu nu yMiipaei or paipuiia cepana. B -llajiame No ň» niicareab yiBcp^aaei, WTC la aymnyHi, 6ojiee kpaciiiiyKi An mi, iiaao akiiiinio fiopoibCH B apyrux iipoiax oh ofi.THHaer tc HiiaeiniH aeltcTiiiirtvii.iiociH, koiopi.it' iipeiiHTcniyKii ec yiyniiciniKi. Tak. 11 110-iieaac «HejiooeK a ynvixpe». Hamán orpnAcniic iTinnCIOH pc- 6ht. OmicbiiuiH cy.Ti.fiy acreil. oh oňaHnaer OecHcio-iic'iiiocih iicero ofnnecTBCHHoro crpoH. Cnamhxomnu m Ho'ii,. Ilxuhkii Btiphka. ňeuoiKu -lem mpuHutUta-mu. KU'iaem kojiufíejih. n komopuu ;wAum peCn'uoK, u >iymi, c.ibiiuiio Mypjiu'iem: biiH>riiiH>uiKui>an> A x necenky nom... flepeň odpil iom eopum le.ieiiax Jiajwuinka: ui. ho ace eufé Kpunum. u HeiaaecmHO, Koeda on Hnutím A Bapkke xouemcx enamb. ľ/iaia ee cjiuntiHimcH, cwioay mxnem amo, utex Ciojium. Ona ne Moxem MMMMQMt IM ockomu, hu eyCaMU, u eú ktixemcx. >tma nuuo eé aucoxjw u oäepeaeHejio, nmo cojioaa cmana Majtenbkoú, kokfiyjiaaouHux canoam. - BoHi-fiaiouiKu-fíaH), - MypJibiiem ona, - meôe ktuuku ituuapm... B ne'tke kpwium caep'ioK. B cocedneú KOMname, 30 ňuep\Mt nnxpanuaaem xoixuh u noäMacmepbt Atpa-nacuii... JCMM&UH xanofíno cKpunum. ČOMU BapbKa Mypjibinem - u ace MM cjiuaaemcx e hcíhvw, yfíaKikuttaHiiuyM MyibiKy. Komopom maK c/iaÔKO ciymunib, Kocdu jwxuutbcx a nocme.ib, menepb xe .ima MyiiMtí mojibko paidpaxaem u CHemé'm, nomo-m\ »mo ona uetmxem u dpeMomy, u cnanib nejibjx; ecjiu Bapbka. ne daú fíoc, ycnem, mo xo3xeaa no-fibmm et. Imihi-fioMiiiiKu 6oh>, a x neceHKy ciwhi... - Mypjibi-•tem Bapbka... no uňpyc kmo-mo (íbém ee no ,wmw/7-ky c múkou cujwú. tmo ona cmymemcx jiôom o depe xy. Ona noňnuMaem enaia u oudum neped coOoú xo iximai anoxnuKa. ■ Tu umo JU MM, napiuuaax? - coaopum oh. - flu-me iviuucm. a w cnuuib? On fíojibHo mep.uiem ee :ia yxo, a oho ecmpxxuea-m cojumoú. kanaem KojibiGejib u Mypjibiiem coohj necino. lejienm' nxmno u menu om nanmajion u ne-jienoK Kanednmmcx, Mucanim eú u cKopo onxmb oajiaňeaamm ee' momomu. Oho oudum mocce no-kpumoc xudkoú cpxibH). Jlmdu c KomoMKUMU ho cnunux u menu painecMucb u Kpemo cnxm. Erixdx na ma, Baptxe cmpacmno xo'iemcx cnamb... - Hodoú aodú pefíenku! - omaeiaem eú teú-mo iiiakoMbiú cwioc. - noňaú cmda peGema! - noomo- pxem mom xe cojioc, ho yxe cepdumo u pexo. -Cnuuib. nmhmx'.' Bapbka ockokuoaem u. ocjixdeoiuucb, nonuMuem, o hčm ňejio: nem tuocce. ...a cmoum nocpeňu komho-mu odita mojibko xoixúka, komopax npuuuiu nokop-Miimi, ciuicco pedenKa. noko mojwmax, njietucmax xonxúKa KopMiim u ymiMaem peGenm, Bapbka on, um, cjixdum ho nee u xdem, Koeda oho kohhuih.^^ okhomu yxe cuneem ao.idyx, menu u 3ejiéHve nám, ho nomojiKe -saMemno újiedneujm. Cmpo ympo. - BapbKa, 3amonu nenicy! - pa3dcuicx 3a deen, cojioc xossiuna. 3naium, yxe nopa ecmaoamb u npmuMambcti paSomy. BapbKa ocmaajixem Koj\u6ejib u fan, e capaú 3a dpooaMU. Ona pada. Koeda Geeat* u xoduuib, cnamb yxe ne maK xonemcx, kok u cudi neM nojioxenuu. Ona npunocum dpooa, monum nn u Hyecmoyem, kok pacnpaajixemcx ee odepeeem mee. jiuuo u kok npoxcnnwmcx Mbicjiu. - BapbKa, nocmaab caMOoap! - Kpunum xo^xim. BapbKa Moem jiecniHuuy, yGupaem Kojmambi, • moM monum dpycyw nenb u ôexum a naaoHKy. fiifi. mu mhoco, nem hu oôhoú Munymu caoôoänoíi. ffenb npoxodum. Otxdx, kuk meMHewm oma, Bap, ko cxu.nuem ce6e depeaeneKnuue uucku u yjibiCaem ca\ia ne 3Hax >teeo padu. BenepHxx mcjio jiacKoemt cjiunaiouiuecx e/iaia u ofíeujaem eú CKopuú, Kpena coh. BenepoM KX03xeeaM npuxodxm čocmu. - BapbKa, cmaob caMooap! - Kpwium XO3JUIK0, - BapbKa, côeeaú Kynu mpu 6ymujim nuaa! Ona Cpbieaemca c Mecma u cmapaemcx fiexm ffbicmpo, imofibi npocHamb coh. Ho oom HOKoneu cocmu yuuiu; oem myuiami xo3xeea noxamcsi cnamb. - Bapbm, nomnaú peôé'HKa! - paidaemcx nocjié huú npuK03. B neHKe Kpunum ceepnoK; aenenoe nxmHO m «• mojiKe u menu om nanmaJioH u nenémK onxmb.r 3ym e nojiyomKpbimbie cjiaja BapbKU, MtuM u myMOHJim eú eo/ioey. A peôéHOK Kpmum u unHe.Mocaem om Bapbm oudum onxmb cpn3Hoe mocce, Jimdeä c » moMKOMU... Ona ace nouuMaem, ho ck&03b noflp ona ne Moxem mojibKo hukok nonxmb moň cuM " mopax cKoebieaem ee no pyKaM u no hocum. d** ee u Meiuaem eú xumb. Ona oejmdbieaemcx, uW srny cuJiy, >imo6bi U36aaumbca om nee, ho h< M* dum. HaKOHeu, U3Mynueuiucb, ona nanpxcaen * ceou cujibi u 3penue, cjistdum eeepx na MHtoM* 3enenoe humno u, npuc/iyuiaoumcb k KpuKy, «imo ona ceúuac u i óauunux om pcficiikii. CKixmaaioufeco ee no pvkiim u nociiM... yfíunii. peOenKO, u nomo.v cnamb. cnanu.. cnamb... Cmcxci,. nodMiicuiuix u cpo.ix 3ejie'HOMX nxmns mvibuauu. Kapi.ka noňKpaňuoaemcx k Kojibifíe.iu u HiiKjionxemcx k pefíenKy. lladyuiuu eco, ono fíu-cmpo jioxumcx na noji, CMeemcx om padocmu. hocii, ť nCMCIII.IIIl-li Xy.'lOACC I iicmioll CIIJloll. MOM h iiľhxo- MWCfln piiManax pyot'KHX pca;iHCTOB. IIik«i n iiiocnia jipaMaTypníH Moxoiia, ero ni^;-CM flo chx nop CTUITC1 na cuoliax Miipoiiux Tca-TpoB. Oll HlieneTCH OCHOBonojlOAHHKOM CJUWNC i'Mifl ;ipaMU». B iicii iipiiMciioin.1 peajincTMMCCkiic npiicMM n lofipaAciiiiM. ho nciixojioiHiM moci. npc-ofiAaaaoT na,i /icIIcihiiom. 3a poajii.no nucka laiini.i mm cvioiiaMH yiaiiUBacTCH CKphľroc MyncTBo n;m nc-IK-AiiBaiiiie repou (' tom cbh Kina n ;inyn.'iaiioiiopMaiiiin kanina.iiiciimeckoll >i.i icm.i .iiiMi.ii.ini p.icii|MH. ipanciia M pycckOH .m icpaiypc ii|xiin.Ti)io Hťka ( m*n iibccu npocioD B IKTIOII) k>llll|l.lllk l.l IIII.TIIACIIO OlllllllIrHHC IKIBOIO IIOkO.IOIIIIH II. VRTI k t l.l |X lll HUipHIK kojí H.l.ll.lV lloMciniiiia ľ.iiiciicKaji n oe óp.n laon iit.i.to.ii.iii.i iipckpacHoro iiiiiiiiiťiuiin c.i.i.i ia.niAii.in u;i nm no i ii|X)iicii i u llaciynaei i |< u i VII. la i M iipoiicii 11.11. 1111 > HHX .101111 110 I IImOHHO .lO.TAIIO ľll.lll. lipil ;wmo b aykmioHC. Kyticu /loiiaxmi. 6141111111(1 kpcnocT-1111(1 l.iciiijx, coBcrycr paKíHTb eaa Ha JMJOW yMacTkii 11 c.iaiian. in h apeii.iy h 1 ak ciiacni mmciiiio llll OHII lllk.l ll.lll.IH 111. H III II lll u l po. U I II. I II lll.ll.kll MOMlaKII II IOM. k.lk lipiloTipCCTTI ACH l.l TI. "Xlipolllll fiu iio/iymiri. 01 koiii-iiiifiy,Ti, Hac/ieacTBo, - mchtuci laon, - xopoino 61,1 111,1.1a n, A1110 ta fioi a 101 o ne. n núka, xopoinn fiia iioexan, n Hpooiaii.n. 11 110111,11,111. c'iacii.M > loiyuikii 1 pai|iiiini... Ojinako nx mciii.i 110 cfiu.Tiici. 11 yca;u/)a iiakoiioii iicpcxíviHT n pykii kyima luii.ivinia On iiupydni 1111111110111.1II ť.i.i n nocipoin 11a 110M M01 u' lanu. mi 1 npi.li- iipiiiiccyi cMy mpoM HNii .10x11.1 ľ.iiioHCkaH yo lAacľ B MapHA B lli-occ linka 1,111 110 lii.il.ko .ikiiHiiMíľiockllii kpax /lllopMHCTBa, HO II OTO lieCIlIKTHIHIKTb k AH "lll 11 yivio-iiiihx 1 n i. ir 1 mi j n i| im 1 111 n h 1 ľoccmi. (Kipa 11.1 ľaiiciickoli. ľaOllil ll|K'. KI.IK'I II 111,010 ÍRI lUlMlHUlll.lMII II Aa.lkll MII I lllll IUX.IHII.IIIM II yi.TOHHHX llapil IHlT|l|OCkoll Alll mi. 110 iipiícniKTiTvioHM im k kakiiMy TpyAy, Mri* 111111 i«'i 1.1 1.11111 11 1111.TiiAi110.Ti.il 1.1 m 11 HopiaMii Mm nponi luiiiivTan.Toii Kyticu Jloiiaxmi 11111 ak 111111101 n Aivn.ua. ()n rpyAoTKíTiiiH, 1111 ne ky.'ii.rypcu. (ÍMcrpu yMccr yra-;iíiti>. n 'KM 111.1111.1a O.inakii ciiMiiaiini aiirnpa 110 11.1 cinpniie jloiiaxmia. a 11a cnipone fxiiiioro c-ryACHTa-p.i iiiiľiuiiua IpixtiiiMiiiia 11 Ao'iepii Pa11ciH.M1l! Ahh Ohm ycipcM.TOiiM n (íyaymec, k iiiiuiiieiioMy cany ohh irnKKírrcH kak k ciiMMWiy ymoAiiioll aiihiii. Mexon n CMH.-M upoiaimeckoM u .ipaMaiioiockiiM I lllip'ICCTBe IIOCTHI ipailllM ňaila.Il.llllll HOHCeAHCII- iiix 1 n 52 53 JhuepaTypa KOHua 19-oro - Haqajra 20-oro BeKa PyvťKaa ainepaTypa na pyťie*e hckob npeacTaB-amrr cofxilt cvwxHbill nepiioa. C ojhoIÍ ctodohm, cnra ll|Xl.lll.'IAH.'ia pC.I.WCTII>ICCMIC II poMilH II1MLL KIIC ipa.niiiiiii «ioaoToro», 19-oro BCKa a, c apyroii, 6bi-aa oiMCiciia hobijmii TCHaeiiUliHMii. Hana. 10 90-i>ix nuoii o uiaMciioiiaiio 11 Pocenu, Kax n 11 lanaanoft liapone, HapacTaimeM aenpecciiBHbix iiacipociiiiH. Hocvie nancHim napiiACkoli KoxiMyHbi 11 liipone 11 ncyaaiii iiapoaiiiiHCLTiia b Pocchh HacTy-nacr pa io'iaponaiine, npoHBaHercH «ycTa.aoCTb ot mhiii.i 1 ui.iciiiH". Mininic aCHTCJiii xyabiypbi biia»t h :rroM ncpiioac «cyMcpiui» MciaaHCKoň mniM/iHja-111111 llacipociiiiH aciiuuiK)ihii Hanjaii OTpaJKeHHC n u-k.i icnu nic 11 pa ihmx MoaepHHCTCKiix ic>iciiiihx. Ho 11 pysciOM nfunccrue y*e b DOaoBHHC 90-bix nuoii ncpiioa acii|X'ccim ycTynaeT, b crpaHC nponc-xuiiii ói.icipoc npoMbiuiacHHOc paniHTnc, KOTopoe coiipomiAaacicH couiiaai.iibíM 11 noaimmecKHM aaB-acinicM 11 npiiBoain k HoaHe penojnowiii (1905, 4kb-|)aab 11 okixópi. 1917 [.). Jlincpaiypiibill npoiíccc nocaeaHero aecHTHaeTHH npoiiLioio 11 nepučilo aeciHTiiacniH iiaiucio ncka hc "eyMepKOB" euponelickoii umiHainannii nakaHyHe licpmilt MlipoiHlii HOlillbl H OKTOĎpbCKOH pCB(MKmHll. I UPOKI OTaHMaeTCd CTaTHWHOCTMO, lilia ociloiiaila 11a xapakTepiicTHKax repot-B h onHcaminx iipnpoai»i, H iiell cka iMiiaKiTCM TpaaiiuiiH TypreHCBa 11 ToHiapo-Ba. On iiiieaji o pa ipyiiieiiHii aepeBeHCKoii ahihh, rpycTHJi no yxoaumeii 11 npouiaoe pyccKoil narpiiap-xajibHoít aepeBHC. B ero riiopMecrBc lačni iBywar moihhij neceiiMHiMa 11 cKencHca. Tax, Hanp. TocKa o «flBopnHCKiix rHě'iaax» onpeaeJiaeT CTpyxrypy paccxa3a «AnmonoacKue a6jioku» (1900). K ayi^ npoH3BeaeHnaM ByHHHa npHHaajieAiir paccxai .r cnoduH u3 CaH-KH3HbK> nacca*iipoB( najiy6e M 6eflHbixi cymecTBOBaHHew noBapoB, kov rapoB H npHcayr b Tproxie KopaÓJia. TocnoflUK tu 3anno b nyrn yMHpaeT ot yaapa h ero Tpyn Taltao 3yT Ha flHe KopaG-aa. CaxibíM KpynHbíM npoioBeaenneM ByHiwa, larat MeHHbíM B 3Miirpau.HH, aB.iaeTCa poxiaH «JKuiHbty ceHbeaa» (1927-1933). 3to aBToĎHorpacpiiHecmi npo3a, b KoTopoii aBTop noBecTByeT o cboěm aercn II MO/IOAOCTH, CBOěM flyxoBHOM C03peBaHHH. ByHHH hc npnHíi.a peBOJiKJUHK) b 1917 r. a iiMiirpt poBa.1 b riapii/K. B 1933 r. oh - nepBbiií 113 pyctM nHcaTe.nefl - no/iy' Aiiapeeiui nafi.iKiaa-cTca fioae iiieiiiibill niiTcpec k upoňaeMC cmcoth. Ma-cio 11 cm 1 iiopnccine ncrpciacicH řekla fx-iyMim On ncpin. hto MCJioiieKOM ynpaiciHCT poK, aiiiiii. h cyabfia b ero npeaciaii.iciinii npaAaefnibi .iiihiio-ctii. AHapccii yxa ibiiiaer aficypa h Tparn im 'ic.ione •leckiiro cyiuccnioiianiiH (Hanp. B nbcec «>Ku3Hb '«'-■KHHKU-1907) 11 vro cfi.iHAaer ero c aekaaciicnioM. K iianfMiaee inaHiiTcvibiibíM MoacpinicickiiM Teie-miHM 11p1111aa.1CAa.nl eilMiio/in im, akMCiriM, <|iyTy-piiiM. ( hmbo.ihim iicpiioiiaMa.ibiio 110 unik 110 i|ipan-nyíCKon aHTcpaType (Boaacp, Bcp/ieH. PcmCxi). Oh Hexoain 111 TeiHea o tom, htooKpyxaK>iuan aellc-niii-TcabHixrrh HJijnoKipHa. a noaJiHHHaii ec eyniHixTh ckp1.11 a. Mnp MOAiio 11 uifipa mu. .inini. iiixpeacTiioM aCx-rpanTiioi o. iieonpeae^cHHoro, MHoro iiianiioi o ciiMixiaa CnixoTBopeiiHii no.iTOB-CHMBoaHCTOB - caicpxiiT npcKpaciibic cnixii. ihxtihiuch hmc Hercpfiypry). rayooKMR rmptn** ero npoMiaeoe-1111I) inrracTCii moiMCft JlcpMoiiiona 11 llyiiikiin.i lliiana.ic byioK eouwcT eBocofipa ihmc aKiTxiiinue cthxh. b Miiopux .1K1011111. iipeacracT nax lanu C1BCHIIIX-. iiaca.Ti.Hix- lyHcrim, Bixneiiiier Miip «bc«i- lloll AťlICIHťHIICIH- OHI! BOlll.TII II cfiopilHK -CltlUXU i> ///ich/kii Nfiii (>THÍCC» X |K' mi.iMiniiii 1917 r. iioaoAine.Tbiio B miiiape 1917 1. iiaiiiK.1.1 iio.im> •, nuditami. . 11 kompoli nc|X-.iaci BJBj iieiiixpeacTHeiiiiix- oiiiymeinie |x-iio.tmiiiiioiiiiijx coTiniiih 11 Ilcrporpaae. OHa cixtoht hi aiieiiaanani •lacicii. iiuciyiiaci 11 ncii 111c11.1111.111. kpacnoi nap acMiicn; ainop tbk iienoabiycr fiiifiaeňcKyK) ciimiio aiixy CnixHHiKxTb 11 ncKinopaH mhcthiikxti. |X-iio-.iMiiinn iioancpkiiiiacicH iioiiiiipnniiiniMCH ofipa iom iicipa 11 ycn.iiiiiaeicH KiiinpacioM 'lépiioro 11 fieaoro: 'lípnuli netrp. bejibiú tHte. Hcmcp. twmrp'. Ha iith-ax ne tmoum iijunieK. Hemrp, nemep ■ ll«Ai>e.M cueme! Ilo.lM.I LlkalIHIIliaCTCH IICOAliaailllblM MHOIOIIia'1- HbiM ofipa «im Xpnera. Tak líilvm ňepxmiHUM iuo.-om -lloMiňu •■o.um)huíi net. Bnepet)u - r kpotuinhiM tfviaeoM. II ni OMOMi nenuduM. II nm nyjiu HeapeňuM Hexnoú notm\nhH> nadtiMtiAHnit. Cne/kHtni •WCCtMMd MJUWQ0RM04 B (iejtoM neinuke m pos ■ Hnepeňu litu Xpitrmoc. ílaTtma novinu Banka iiimh......um ho ero TBop- mcctbo b itctoM ni.ixoain 1a (kimkii ciiMiioan iMa. K iipcacTainnciHM ciimho.ih iMa cacayeT othccth npoiaiixa Aii,i|H'h lir 1010 (1880-1934), Oh wiiiiMa ct iiia»iiiTcai.Hix? mccto B pa ibiitiih cBponellcKon npoiw; bmcctc c AxoltcoM 11 npyeroM ctomt y hc-roKoii Honoro ciiponcitcKoro poMaiia. PoMan «17*-mepfiyp.-* (1916) miTcpcecH no ((xipMC, nHcaTeab pa IBHBaCT aCHCTBHC, OTflejlbHbie .WH lOflbl OH (X.BC- 54 55 uwer c pa ihnx tomck ipeHHH. mhoihc tpaKTbi ciotte-n oGiflCHxrr «c onoiaamieM». Text-r wenb AHHaMH- MCH. H |—nun -II IUI IHaiellllH B IIÜM BblCTynaWT Kpac-KH Ii tnyK.li. TaKHM ofipaioM oh cyMcn yöeaH-rc.ibHo ncpcaaib aTMocibepy Potain HaKaHyHe peBO- .TKIUHIIHHMX IlCpeBOpoTOB. Akmchim - leicune b pyccKoR no.nmi, KOTopoe BoiiiiiK.To h nepBoll WIMCfll 20-oio Beka II npoTH-bobcc ciimbo.'iii iMy. KpHTHKyH nojTMky xyaoAe- CTBCHIIoll HCHCBOCTH, TailHCTBCHHOCTH, aKMeHCTbl HponilllC.TlIlia.TII IH.MUHIH.IT. oöpa la. TOHIIOCTb II npO- cniTy h ibixa I Uli ihm lipf k i.iii.ih uil i, aKMCHCiaM peMCCAOM. KOIlipiH- ipcnulia.to BblCOKOH CTHXOTHOpiloil TeXHH- kii B iix lipon ihcaciiiihx orpaAaAiicb hc oGmecTBeH-iiuc mhh|i.'iiikh.i. a (nacibiiue HIIAeHHH H AHMHbie iR-pcAiiiiiiiim, iipciMeTHhic ACTaJiH. OpraHinauiiOH-iiijm uciiTpoM aKMCii iMa crajio mnHiikuiee b 1911 r. Ii llercpfiyprc -iiircpaTypiioc ofibcAiineHiie «IJex no-.i««i>. l;iaiiin.iMii iipcAciaiiHTC.iHMii ;vroro HanpaB-iCHim fii.i in um.....epciiiiAHHK lliikii laii I VMiuitB (18X6-1923). fulCCTHIllllll IIO.1T 11 IClipCTHK OcHII Muh ic 11,1111 um (1891-1938) ii iiomecca MiipoBoro iiMciiii Ainia AvMuuiHii (1888-1966). TBop'iccitaH ii immh.im cyAbfia AxMaroiioH CAOAHa ii iicia.ii.iia McpiiMC cinxii oiia coiaacr H 10-bie ro-AN iiauicio iicKa. n 30-Ne roAw ee noaiHH He nyoVin-xycicH. B ;vro iipcMH fiMA apccToiian cuii no3Tecci.i h ciioii crpaaaiiiiH ima onHcaaa n ho:imc «PeKeueM», HancMaTaimoH jihiiii, Ii 1988 r. lloiibie cthxii Axmbto-hoII nomiAMKiTCH ho itpeMH BcAHKoll OreMecTneHHoii iiiilliibi. ho ii 1946 i. BbicTyniiA ■ peiKoli KpirniKOH ee iio.uiiii im i.iiiiiniii ccKpeiapi, ucinpaAi.Horo komh-Tcra KoMMyHHCTiiiecKoll naprMH ^Kabhob. Oh npo-iHiu.'iaiiiacT ee TBopHCCTBo fieibiAeÜHbiM, MeuiaH-cxiiM. i -i .i ii ii i, inm llo.iTOMy ee cthxii nepecTajin neiaTaTbCH. B 50-Me nijbi OHa pcafiiuiiiTiipoBaHa H c tcx nop HTAaH pHA ee c6opiniKoii. AxMaroiia - ihi.it .iiipiiiiecKoro CKAaAa. Ohb hbah- eTCH MaCTCpilM HHIIIMIIIlli ApaMI.I II IICHXOAOrHHeeKOii MiiHiiariopbi. Hapaay c npeKpacHbiMH awoobmhi. CTHxaMH OHa co3AaeT Taxace AMpHKooniiHeckiii; npu HTBeAeHiia (pHAOCOcpCKoro xapaKTepa (Hanp. «/7UJl% 6e3 cepox», HanHcaHHaa b Ha^aAe 40-wx toaob) rioaTHKa aKMeH3bia HaxoAHT b onpeAeAeHHon Mtj, oTpaaceHHe b no33HH Mapimhi I Im-1 ni nun | 1941), ho HenocpeACTBeHHo OHa He CBHiana hh c» HHM AHTepaTypHblM HanpaBACHHCM. IlocAe OKTH^ cxoii peBOAKJUHH HßeTaeBa 3MnrpHpoBajia h ^ roAa npoAHAa b npare. Ha HeMeukyio OKKynaum MexocAOBaKHH OHa peariipoBajia uhkaom cthj« «Cmuxu k Hexuu» (1938). B 1939 r. nosTecca Bep Aacb b CCCP, ho Aßa roAa noj*e noKOHim C COOOH. B OTAHMlie ot npo3paHHbix CTIIXOB A. Axitt roBoii, noD3Hn HßeTaeBoii 6oAee caoahu ii TeMau qecKH pa3H0o6pa3Ha. (DyTypH3M npencTaBAHA cofioio AHTepaiypim TeqeHHe, KOTopoe bothhkao b 1909 r. b HTaAHH. PV-ckhü rpyTypHTM hc hmca o6mcii iiporpaMMN, eAMoi rpynnbi. BbiAO HCTbipe ero paiHOBHAHocTH, Hanö» Aee THaMHTeAbHWM HBAMJiacb rpyuna xyöiHpyTypi. ctob, o6pa30BaBiuaaca b 1910 r. K Heft othochivi B. MaAKOBCKHH II B. X. ICl"il III holt TeopeTHqecKH cpyTypinM oniipaeTca Ha ipopMi AH3M. CDyTypilCTbl 3KCnepilMeHTIipyK)T CO CAÜBOH HapymaKiT rpaMMaTHMecKHe npaBHAa, BbiAyMUBam HOBblC C.lOBa h HOBbie KOHTpaClbl. Ohh C03AaK3T m» crpyxuHM, ocHOBaHHbie Ha Hrpe co c.TOBaMii, HaTuni-k)t hx layMHbiMM (3a yMOM - 3a paiyMOM). K com-AeilHK), OHH OTKa3bIBaK)TCH OT AiiTepaTypHui TpaAHAiiii. OyTypHCTbi npRßeTCTBOBaAH peaojiio-HHK3, T3K xaK ee HAew cootbctctboBaah hx öyirrap-cKOMy Ayxy. PyccxaH AiiTepaTypa kohua 19-oro - Haia-na 20-on BexoB He roAbxo OTAHMa.Tacb ooAbuiiiM xyao* CTBeHHbiM pa3Hoo6pa3HeM, ho h HBAHAacb Hana.* hhm 3TanoM aas mhothx BbiAaKiuiiixcH npeflcnw-TeAeft OTeijecTBeHHoft h 3MnrpaiiTCKOH AHTepaTypv nauiero ctoacthh. JhiTcpaTypa 2()-oro bcku 2()-i>ie ro^bi i -;i|i.'ii mii|miiioh BOiHOft, ljH.-|l|ia.'llH.«.ll(l ii okti- npi.. miii penn iiuniiHMii 1917 i iiTkpNnacicil kaia i i|HM|ui'icck.an .iiioxa 11 iicTopMii 20-oro Bcita IIa cTynaeT npcMH xaoca, iio.iiiiii'n-i um i...|n.i 1 tiAcciii'ieiiiiiJX ßocii na i|ipomax ipaAiaiicmlt hiihhm. HccMorpH Ha nn ipaiiimccühc cuTinihm. ii PiHTTIII. ll|)CAAe BCCIO. IIIK.V1C OKTafipiAKOH pCBO THiiliiu 1917 i , ii|Hincxii im i'iypniK: p.l HilliHC .Tille p.ll\pU I lpt1 iii.TAaCICH, ia|hia.tchiii,l(l ii 'MI 1,1 X iii .lax iipoiu.Toio iiexa. npoiiecc BtaiiMiiux iijiidiiiiiji mca tn Mll lipilHISIOM H ptil ih1mom. ii |)C ly.TI.1.11C 'icio ,iiii|ii|icpciiuiipycTca peaAHiM. Hapxay c no-iiiicll. KoropaH ii iianaAe 20-i.ix niAoit npeo6.Ta i.ici. pa 11iiiii.ic ich iiy6.Tiii[iicnika, ApaMuiypniH ii npxiia. B ■RUM 20-MX ioaob AineparypHUli npoiiecc iii lll'l.ll'U ii iiihiktiic.II.iio Oll. 11.1111 > 11 i Iii H ... lull llllip 'ic. in.i ll.i|i.|i\ , in i cp.il\pin.iMii iialip.lli ICHHXMH iuiiiiiik.ui Miioio Tiircpaiypiibix ipyiiimpoBOK. xmo-pi.ii- cyiiicc-iiioita.m .io na'ia.ia W lax io.tuh .11 ii' .Irnuii (l>ptmm liCKyccmtia. 'flepeiuui' n Ap). Ho Hin. iciiciiiio ii irfijiacni xyflOAecTBeiiHoii .TiiTep;rrypi.i iipoHH-THKiicH BMCiiiaTCAbcTBa noAHTHHccxoro xa-pakiepa. B iiapiiidHi.ix AtikyMcinax TpcßycTca. mto-6ij inicai cm iiepeiii.ni na CToptiHy mimmiiih CTIIMCCkllli ii.TCH.h1i Till. MOACpillICTCKHC TCMCIIHH lH|llllllia.Tl.ho CiaAH OTOAACCI BJIDTha G ACKaaCB- nitoM. MiTopoc cmna.HKT, BpcAHiJM ajih o6uiecnia. TcpUCTCH CTHAIICTII4CCklH- pa IH1Hl6p;TIMC. niKTCnCH- iii' npckpaiiiaini cBoe cymccTHOBaiiHC AincpaTypnije o6iH:AiiiieiiiiH. Baaiii.im momchtom ii ky.H.Typiioll ahihii 20-hlX roauii CTa;io pa laejicmic pycckoll .iincparypu Ha orc-MCCTBCHHyMI ii iMiupaiiTCkyHi. PyecKHC acme.Tii iiaykii. -linepaTypu 11 hckyccTBa. kimipuc hc iipmiH -in coBeTckoli ii.iaciii. yciABHir la rpaHHiiy. Ohh no- cc.thk1tch B llapilAC. licp.TIIIIC. IlparC II COCTaBAHHlT •nepByHi ii.i m\ ■ pycekoil iMiupaiiiiii C iiiimii " la.Ti.iicüiucM chh lano paiiiniHe . 111 icp.n_\pu p>c ckoro lapyocAbH. k l.l.1.1111,1I1HUM ll|>1l Ullk.lM 20 NX iii.TI1II iii ho CHICH IhIIIIHH luMHIIIII ( 1X81 l'M7) Oll Cilll.lt'l |h . 1 IIICIlUICCkHC iiiiih'CIII. ii klllOpMX Hip.lMII 11.1 A Byni po.il. MMMIM rpirrecka h canipu. bo.ii.uiiill imicpcc HU Hl.l.l |XIM.1II -Ww, ii.IIIIIC.IIIHIjii ii 1920 i , im ii.i pyvckiiM h int imcpHUc oiiy6.Tiiiiiiiau 11 lli.m ll..|n.c ii I9S2 i Mo A.iiipy |xiMan ciciye-i onict in k an niy iiiiiiiii B iicm iiiiiicuiiaeicH ah im. h 26 hm ucki- ii I .hihiim i ix vi.i|k nie. 11111. i.nic koiti|Xii o i min y(irf"i|xi.Tcmc.ii, Bce iicci. tapaiicc nayiiio o|)i amuo ii.Uli' ipy.l. iii.ii.IX ii l,l*r IHXXIIll, Jllll.lll iimcioi hc HMCiia. .1 HOMcpa B i ix\ lapci hc iichmxiici pcim/im linm hu ihm im i.iii ich.i opi .hui lanipu ka IHCHI.i Ii liccM .Tin.THM iilftijwiiiiiiio ycipaiiciia i|i.iiua nix Olli) iii.1C i CH 11 ku 11.1 m fl iii um ii, 1I|xiii iiiciciihh k |xi Mali) I .ikciii ■Kniicil llllllll.lll uilllll». PlIMall (IM. 1 IHKTipilHH I kak liaMl|l. ICl IM CI1IIIM .'in im ii cto nyd.THkamiH fiw.Ta iaii|k-iuciia. Ainopy iipiiiii.HK'i. yllni H 3MIH paiuiHi >Mcp ii llapilAC I IHip'ICCk.lH C) Hill l.lipilia Uli II.IIHkll I IX'I-I 1937) ii MiioioM iioxiiAa na cyabßy taMHiiina Hc cMmpx na in. hui oh xii.mcicH amiipoM iitbccihihn ptlMUlia O pCIIO.THlllHH .io.'IIJÜ .V«)» (1922) H I IICM IIO.ITH HipyCI CTHXIllllllKII. |X" I« 1. IH lllllll. tili TlIJA [IC Ikll packpiiTiikiiiian la npniy »Kpaiiior deprao* (1929). B nett iiapiicniMii tx'ipa i coiipcMciuiiiH mx .tc|x-iui. uu llllllHHIlii .IC|K'iiiiii. \ k .1 11.111,10 I. MIO AH Uli. pyCCkott ACpCIIHH llllkak HC MCHHCTCH llll.T IIUTHCkllM HOI1I1I 11 BpCMCHII II .lKl.TH TUM AllltyT Kak II I7-I1M BCkC ABTop 6ha b 1937 i apccrxiiiaii n 11 1941 i. pac-cipc.'iaii. IIix.tc 20 in n ci.c t.ia Kl KT i'ih.i |x.-aoii th nipniMH. Ilpuia lln.ii.Hxka c.HiAiia no cpopMc; amop in pa ct co c.tobom. ynoTpcfiAHCT apxaii imn ii Aapi ohh i- MN B xyAOACCTHCHHhlli tckct ItllO.IHI tipill 1111,1.11,IIIjc inkVMciiiu (kiiinaiiiiiiii. iiHiaiN in raicT. inici.Mal. ■I.k 1.1 'iiii.IIC.TH MIICIIIl|llllllip)CI K .lyiiuiiM iiiicaic.iHM n.i'i.i 1.1 iiauicio uck.i npii na,T.TCAin Hcuiik l.ai'n- n. (1X94 19401. Oh lamiMaci .Ttx. loiiiiiK- mccio hc iii.u.kii ii iiciopiiii pycckoli. 56 57