TcopcIHMCCklIMII. iJ)m.iik.ik)k.khmh m xtcth-mcckhmh npoíi.R-MaMii jiHTcpaiypu laHHMaercu li ciuihx iiayMMU" linccapnoii I pwopi.ťBHi Ih- ihihkhH < IXII-I84X)-()h pa ipafiai u»ai"r Bonpo-Chi pca.'iiiriiľicckuH iioiiiiMi n h i cink m. itiia.ni wpy- ľl ll|MHI nu- ICIIIIH llxlllkllll.l. jlcpMl......H.l II lotO.IH n yn.lii.iii.ui n.i iii.mciiiic iix uiopiiec i na ii.iajii.nc-uicM paimiiiiii jiHicpaiypu. Pcuiaioiuyio pojih cbi-ipa.i kpiiuik lípu ofipa umanuli «narypa.'ii.iioií ujko--11J» ^MMHHCkHH latlilkiaC T IHaHHTClbHOe imcto upil l|xipMII|xi|lilllllll KpilTlIMCťKolt MblC.lll ii H CHpOIieH-CKOM KOHTCKCTC. Cil* 11. MCXny TpaflHUHHMM aeKaÓpHCTOH h pt'bo-ihiiihoiihijmh ,'lCMOkpa i atXIH, fleHTe;ibHOCTb KOTO- pi.ix pa miiiiacicH n 5(1 - 60 roaax. iipciCTanjisieT \ UKian ip.i Hit;......iiihíi I epueiia (INI.1 1X70) n Hhku iiih Il.iaKiiiHHMHii Olapena (181.1- 1X77). B 30-wx li 40-m x n. onu fibi.iH ywacT-inikaMii ranni.ix ofiinccTH. h 50-wx r. cra-iii .iMiirpaH-laxní u ocHoiioiio.ioAHiikaMii ncpiHiil choíhuhoIÍ pyc-. m.h m-Maiii it Jloiuouc n n llliiciiuapiiii (AypHaA • Kmiikti.i-, ii uaiiacMi.ill t 1X57 ľ. no 1X67 r.). Bľki m onu fiujiH ľbh uiiii.i uiyfxikoll apy aooíí. ofia yMiipaHii nUMBO or Pixcmi TaJiaHT lepucna ;inycropoinniii - on laiiiui.i o ceíic KaK cim(i u k.ik iiHĽareJih. I1o;ioahi! ikhobm pyc- ckoii MaiCpita.lHC i Iľll i kuli .|>li;l(K'(KJ)llll. oh o,1H0ll|K- mciiho covwer xyniUKecmcHHhic ii|x>nmeiieHH!i -cainpíľuvKiic- iioiiOť-rn tjjmmjp Kpynoa» a-Copoku- 40 - 60-ue roflbí Ha ncpc.ioMC 40-nx h 50-nx rr. HaňimmacTCíi n .iiiii-paiypiioM npouccce oiipe.ie:ieiiiian oamamiH, Hii.mMiiuaHcn pc ly.ni.TaTOM oňwecTBCHHoil oócra-iioiiKH h Pocenu. llpaiiineJii.cTHCHni.ie Kpyni. nany- I.IIIIII.IC pCBO. Ili >l 11 li > 111 i 1.1M AHHACHHCM II 1'HpillIC. opraiinioBa.iH cyaetmoc ne/io c neipauieRuaMii -ii.icnaMii KpyAKa yTonimecMix couHa.iiH.Ton, ycujiH-iiacrcH uch iypa. ( íahh.ichhc HacrynaeT nocjie CMep- iii ll.ip i MlIKO.naH I II nu. l.' lip. nu |>.IHIU.II KphlMCKOÍi boAhn. Bonna noKau.na .>KoiioMHHCCKyH) oTcra- JlOCTb MOliapxlIH ii pyCCKOe npaBHTejlbCTBO HhlHX a aopoam» (1846), poMaH «Kmo stiHoeam?», b m phix HbipaAaeT npOTecT npoTMB KpenocTiioro CTpo: BepuiHHoii nmepzTwabix. cTpcMJieHiift TepueHa min+l K)Tca MCMyapw iStLuie u dyMhi» (1852-1868). KHiin npencTaBJíHeT xyAOACCTBCHHyio ju-touhci. oGiu,e> cTiieHHoií ahihh b Pocchh n 3anaAHoň EBpone. 3t| iicnoBeab coBpeMeHHoro McnoBeKa, b ahihh KOTopo. ro oTpaiHJiacb HCTopna. TegueH b KHiire piicyeT nop. •rpcTbi peajibHbix jiKi/tea-ÍHanp- BejiinicKiiii, napb Hk-MUiaii), oniichiBaeT nojrjiHHHbie co6biTna, CBHfleTejiei KOTopwx oh CTa/i, ho nocpexiCTBOM 4>aKTimecKoro on I Bbic-KaibiBaeT cboh B3ni5iAbi Ha nponcxoijHiuee. (Dop.1 Ma npoH'íBCACHMa - CMHTe3 SHorpacJjHMecKoro poMaHí h xyiioAecTBeHHbix MeMyapoB - no3BOJinjia niicaTeJii ncpeflaTb fioraTCTBO » myÔHHy cbohx Mbicjiei MyBCTB, ncpeAHBaHnH n pasMMUJVieHHH. TepucH n pil Ha jj jicjK ht k ocHOBono.iOAHHKaM hh i ejiJieKTyajibHOft npo3bi b MHpoBoH JiHTepaType nero HaBH'ibiBaer h pycCKaa MeMyapHaa .nnTeparypi 20-oro BeKa, ocoôeHHO 3peH0ypr. tfTH. n. OrapěB 3MHrpHpoBa/i b 1856 r., coTpyaHif 4aji c TepucHOM npH Bbinycxe ÄKo^iOKOJia*. Oh óbu npcAje Bcero noaTOM, ho onyfijiHKOBaJi n pna cxaTeJ nojiHTHMecKoro xapaKTepa. Ero no33Ha npoflojmaeľ | rpaAjjaHCKyK) jihhhio TBopMecTBa aeKaópncroi n JlepinoHTOBa. CraxoTBopcHHH OrapěBa wacTO ci AepAaT 3nimecKoe anpo - onncbiBaiOT TparimecKyi cynboy npocToro Me^oBeKa, 3Ty TpajiHUHKi b pyccxo! IKB3HH paiBHBaeT Bcnea 3a hhm HeKpacoB. pa*a/ia HapacTawmee HeaoBOJibcTBHc h oTiuiecTBe. Ho >thm iipímimaM ona 6i>Ľia óojicc pciin.iHiiiiioH huD, ncM Apyme eHptiiieftcKHe .ninepaTypw. Ot.ihhh-TCMtKŠ Heprofl pyccKoli nncbMciiiUH.in mopnA iio.ioHiiiii.i iipoiujioro iieKa CTaiioiiinc» ce nocjieao-m.iii- n n.n iianpaiijiciiiiiK.ti. n ,iyxc npinimccMiro peaJin iMa, n paMKax KOToporo pa iHiuiaKvrcx pa muč HHflHBnaya^biiuectimh h nnniu Hcin; i ľ m m .THTcpaTypHhiM tcichhcm 40-ux ni.ion Hii/ineiCH naivpa n.iian iiikii la • Komp.iH ■DC i nr/ia Ďo^buioro pa ibhthh h 50-ijx h 6()-ijx ro-flax. VJé cocraB o4eHi> pa nuxKÍípa ich, oT)i.c;innncr n cbohx psi.iax .lyiiiiiiix npc.iclanuic.icii .iincpai) pii 1 ii'iiiiiii.i ii.iu.iM iiiľia.ioM «iiaiypa.'ii.noň iiimi iu CilHIaCTCH BbinyCK CIHipillIMHI «(&U WOltOMUH líc mepóypea* (1844-45) n «IleTepóypicKiiit c6opmB» ( 1X46) CTlopilHKH COCTOIUTH b n. Holin, im ni Ta k Ha-ll.lliaCMMX l|lll 1IH1.IDI IIHOCklIX IHIC[1M)I1 llx aiiTopi.i oiiiipaHiroi na ayTeíiTHHHbie i|i,ik i i .i h pea/ibHwc npo-Toranbi, h loCpaAaioTca flpSMN mcjikhx ncTcpGypr- CKHX miHOBHHKOB. -llOaell H'l COUIiajlbHblX HHIOB H f>C 1I.IMHIIIII.IX l npu u MIX II k-pcHCHCMIX GcjlHHKOH. B HCKOTopbix nponiBe/iCHHHx na6jiK)AaeTC)i TeHfleH-miH k onHcaTeJihHocTH, ho inaMCHHTbic npoiaiikii SToro TeMCHHH, Hanp., TyprcHCB, ToHMapoii, cyMe/in HHKO/iafi raBpHJTOBHH MepHbIUJeBCKHii iieHO Gbijio noAoiíTH k . mócpa. m i.uiiui o6ujecTBe*j Hbix ycjiOBHH, m to iipHBe/io k oTixieHe KpenocTHor lipana. 3th TeHAeiiuím HauiJin oTpaacemie h b jime-l paiypHOM npouecce. B OTAimne ot mhotiix pa íbhthxJ cBponelicKHX cTpaH, rae b nojioBHHe 19-oro Besa aK-r thbho fleiíciBOBa.ni fleMOKpaTHMecKHe nHCHiryuHH,| oómecTBa n oTHocHTe.ibHo AeMOKpaTUHecKiie napJia-MeHTw. peujaK>miie BaAHbie no.nHTimecKHe npoĎJie- Mbl, b POCCHH Ae 3Ty DOJlb nOMTH HCKK)MHiejIbHO| 1 -1 -1 ■1 ■ 111 -. : i jiHTepaiypa n HCKyccTBO. PyccKaa jiHTe-paTypa oTpaAa^a onnoiiiuHOHHbie HacipocHHH n bM- npcoaojicTb y mne paniku eé iio.iihkii n inopMCCKH ei pa mu 11. K «HaTypajibHOtl hjkojic- oihochich ,lMHipnii I'..m ll ll i i;n'i I pni ..puiiirl ( 1X22-1900). knliipblll B cbohx noBecTKX 'HtptHHM- (1846) h *AwnoH ľope-MIMW (1847) c oonuiioA xyfloxecTBCHiion yocnH- TCJlbHOCTbK) ii loTipa lll.l i pal HIM AH1HII pyCCKHX KpCCTbHH. Ilony iiiiikoM 'iiai vpa. ii.iioll HlkManc. KaK h b npyiiix lipouiiiciciiiiHx. cyineji nncaTe/ib no- KaiilTI. Bil A H Ne lipof).'ieMI.I h|X'MCHH B OlVlHHlie OT iic.iiiMix pyccKiix pcajiiicmii on fuiiiAe k eiiponeltcKO-My naTypajiniMy, na6jiK)aaK)rcn napa^^e^n c Tiiop-•KCTHOM (|)painiv xkoro pOMMMM 'fcviH. riocvic oTMeni.1 KpeiiocTHoro npana 11 1861 r. Ha-MeMaeTca Morymiň pixT pycckoll pemuiHiuiioniioll ACMOKpaTHH, HO rVUlBC KOTOpoň CTOHJ1 II. I". Hepilbl-" UieBCKHft. K pcBO.lKHHlOIIHhlM ACMOKpaiilM lipillia io* 11 iipeA ic in'ci n npc k i .inu i c. in nu i c. i. litr cinnin HCflHOpjlHCKOK) npOHCXOAAellllH - pa lllililHIHII.i (1828-1889) POAHJICH 'IcpilNUieBCKIlii B CapaTOBC b AOHOJlbHO Ky^biypHon cexibe cBHiiicHHHKa. Oh noecuwi niM-HaniK), noTOM iKx.Tynn.1 b rieTepCypicKiili ynmiep-chtct. rioc^e ero oapOTUOU oh CTa.i paooTaib npe-noaaBaTeJieM jimepaTypbi h poanoM CapaTone. H. ľ. MepiibiuieHCKiiň - ipe inuiailiio onapciinaH ^hh-nocTb. On luiajeji iiecKojibKiiMii flMTfMTI. aKiiimio paGoTaii b oQjiacni if)ii.iocoi|)iin. no.iimi»iecKolí .iko- HOMHH. h JTHTCpuTypHOH kpilTlIKt" 11 OC^JieTpHCTHKC. MepHbiuicBCK hh paiiiepHyji cboki acHTejibHocTi, h AypHajie «C(Mi>eMeHHUK», rne b 1855 r. onyCjiHKO-Baji .i...i-. AiiccepTamiio «06 scmemuiecKOM omiio-utenuu ucKyccmaa k deúcmaumejiMU>cmu». . Iiľiii.ľj eyab6a MepHhiuieBCKOio cjiOAH/iacb He oHCHb yflamio. Koraa noc.ic OTMenbi KpenocTHoro npaBa (1861 r.) ii.iii.i.iiici. k pec i i.hiicmic mKCTaHnn. HhkomU laBpHJMBHM tep"'..... 24 25 iipaimic.TbciHo iipcMCHHO iaiiperH.io Hioamie • C'olipcMCHHHka». M 'IcpHIJWeBCkltH filJA nocaACH ii llci|xni.iii.iiiiK'KyK) kpemicTb. [Ii)bo;iiim k apccry iiooiyxHAo mici.Mo Icpiicua 0 botmoahocth hum-n.iii, Aypiia i ii - loiMOIte, Ii Ii CH« in C .11 hm yflOMH-iia.Totb HM» IcpnuuicHtKoro. CocroH/iocb cyacfi-IHIC ACTIO, H kOlopoM 6o;ihUjyKi poju. mpajiii i|iu.ii.iuiiiiMc cmuctcah m. xom nc 6mao Aonaia-ic/ibCTB, linearen. Ow.i iipm oBopeii k >icri.ipiia;i-iiam hvwm cchi-iKH B CaparoB oh CMor iiopHyibca I.Ktl II 1X89 I . II IIOC.TCAHHH I O.l CHOCII All Hill. I Ipoii iiK-.Tciiiic " 'Imo dfJiamb?» Hanhcaiio b <|iop- MC lOMCHIIOlo pi'M.llla C .I.TCMCH ITIMII lipHk.THIHCHIIH. B uciirpc iiiiiiMaHHH cHiAcra .Tiiepriiiiiaa ii c>f>aiH-uMi.ii.in .iciiyiiika Hepa II.ih.iiihiu Po la.n.ckaa. Oiia ahiici ii McuiaiicMill ccMbc. ■ MaTI' cofwpaerca ee iii.i.i.ni. uMyA ia 6c iiipaBcineiiiioio oi|>nuepa. Bc-pa llaii.TOHiia iiiakoMinca co CTyflCHTOM Jlonyxo-iiiaM. iiofl cio luiiiMiiiicM oiia ocoinaCT choö mccto II ofllUCCTBC. yXO/UIT OT poAHTCAClt II HUMOR c iiiiM i|nikiiiiuii.ill 6pak iih.i opiainnycr iiiiiciiiiyKi MacTcpcxyKi. ii koropoll akviii hc ki.h.mi coiimcciho paooraMir, ho Ii jipyAlio Aimyi iiocvie paoorhi. McpcT iicxoropoc iipcMX Jloiiyxon iioIImct, mto Bcpa .ii«h'hii cio .ipyra Klipcaiioiia Oll Ao6ponoAI.no yxivjiiT Hicc ah Hin. ncviaci bim, mto iiokohhhjicco-oom. a na . .im.im jicjic yciAacT h AMcpiiky. Bcpa llaii.ioiina iiMxo/iiir iaMyx ia Kiipcanoiia. Jloiiyxon iio.t .ipyroll c|i,iMH.TiicH. niAC ACiiaibiii, hoiiipamacr-ca ii I'occhio. ii ofic iiapu Aiiiiyr ciacuniiio. «Hto flC/iaTb?» OXTIMMaeTCB OT TpaaiMHOIIIII.IX pca.Tiiciii'icckiix poMaiioii 'Icpiii.iiiiciickiiii crpcMin-in npcAAC iiccni k iioii.ToiuciiHKi HAcaAOB o Ainmi, k.iMni cc iio.t H.TimiiiicM yroiiiiMCckoro couna.nnMa lipCACTaBAaAH pcilll lliillili.lllll.il' ii'Miik|..i| l,|. 3to IKoflCIIIIO i|c Ikil Ol p.l A.ICTCH II l|iaH laCTHMCCkHX l'Aa- iiav Ii koropiax oiiitc.im.i cum Bcpi.i llaii.ioiiiu.1 o ö\ 1> IIICII AITIHII II COUlia.THCTHMCCkoll PoCCHH. 'letnttepmhiu um lli/iht ÜMMOMM (omphiaoK) H ouduin Hepa lltiojioatia, imo imo maK, ace man... 3ojiomucmuM omjmaoM cuxem ituaa; nokpixmo UHemtiMU no.ie. pa taepmuaaiomcx cnmitu. mbiexiu uaemoo ita k-ycmapnuKe, onoxi HoamuieM nojie. .ie-jieneem u uieniem nodbiMiiniufuiicx M KycmapnuKoM ripOH IBeaCHHM JlHTcpaTypiio-KpHTHHecKHe Tpyjbi 06 jcmemuiecKOM omiiotucHuu ucKyccmoa k dein ■inuiwwjibHocmu (1855) OtepKU locaneacKoio nepuoda pyccKOÜ siumepamypbi (1856) PoMilll Imo dejuunb? (1863) nec, u oh gen neempeem uoemaMu; apoMam im einen e luiubi, c Jiyea, U3 Kycmapnwca, om HanojmsaA iuux Jiec uaemoo; nopxaiom no oemKOM nmuifbl u mbicx'm eojiovoo nceymex om aemoeü OMeeme e apoMomoM... y nodouiobi eopu, na OKpaune .neca, epedu ifeenrA ufiix KyemapniiKOU tbKOKHX eyemux ajuieü ao:ie)om-(M doopeii... H noaciody lOXMUe depeobx u yuenibi; oecb doM - epoMOÖHbiü 3umhuü cad. Ho Kmo mwem o 3mojn doMe, Komopbiü eenwco-jiennee deopuoe? 3i)ecb wueem mhozo, oneiti, Mimen: udu, Mbi yeuduM ux. Ohu udym na ffajiKOH, abt-emyiiaiouiiiii U3 oepxneeo amaxa eajiepeu. Kuk xe Hepa naojxooMa He 3aMemiuia npexde? n<> ;>muM HuoaM paccexHbi epynnbi joodeü; seide Myx'iunbi u xemuuHbi, emapiiku, MOJiodbie u demu OMeeme. Ho (iojibuie Mojiodbix; cmapuKoe mojio, emapyx ciue Meubuie, demeii fiojibute, neM cmapuKoo, ho ace-ma-KU ne oteHb MHoeo. Bojibuie nojioauHbi demeii oema-Mocb doMa jamiMumbcx xo3HücmeoM: ohu dcjiaiom nOHtnu ace no xosstücmey, ohu oneub jm>6xm 3mo; c humu HecKojibKO emapyx, A cmapuKoa u emapyx o-ienb Majto nomoMy, imo 3Öecb oienb no3ÖH0 ema-Hooxmcx umu, 3decb sdopooax u cnoKoüiiax TKU3HÄ oho coxpanxem coexeemb. Tpynnbi, pa6omannuut na Huoax, nonmu ece noiom; ho kokoü paßomoü w-nxmbi? Ax, smo ohu yöupamm xjieff. Kok öbicmpc udem y hux pafioma! Ho euie'Sbi ne udmu eü Cmempo, u eute 6bi ne nemb um! noimu ace dejtaiom 3a hux Maiuunu, - u xnym, u exxym enonu, u omoo3xm ux. - Jtmdu no'iniu mojibKo xodxm, e3dxm, ynpaanxiom MauiunoMu;... Ho oom puOoma kohhcho, ace udym k idanuio. «Boüde'm onxmb o 3oji, nocMompuM, kok ohu ßydym itCkfdomb'. - eoaopum emapuiax eeempa. Onu axo-dxm o caMUt Cmjibwoü M oepoMHbtx nui. riojimmna teo xoHxma emojiOMU, - cmojibi yx HOkpbimbi. -eaMbkO ux! GhvMMD *• mym ßydem (xledoHiuiux'' ,l,i cjiedyem lanuMomi,-cx meM. kmo eufe ne Moxem arm yxe ne Moxem de-juimb nu'ieco dpycoco». BejtuKojiennax ecptiupotiko. Heih ajtioMUituü u xpytmojib; no cpediteü no/ioce tiitipokux emojiott paccmaajieHbi oa:ibi e uoemtiMU. Cmioda yx na emojie, aouutu puOomaioufue, cadxmcx hi nüed, u ohu, u comoououiue oüed. «A Kmo xe 6y-dein npuc.iyxuoumb'.'» - «Kocda? oo npcMx tmojia! wich.'' Bedb aeeeo nxnib-uiecmb Cumid; me. koiiio-pbie dojixnbi Obinib copx'iue. nocmaoneitbi ho mtiKux Mctinax. 'imo ne ocmhuiym;...» Tbl xopouio xiiaeuib, mix jmifiuuib xopouiuü cmoji, 'toemo y mefix fmuaem intiKoit oiied'.' - «HeckojibKopa;i ti eod». - «y nux .imo oöuknotiennim; kom\ ycodno, mom uMeem Jiytuie, KtiKoü ycodno, no moeda ocoObiü paciem; o Kino ne mpefiyem cefie ocoCiennoco npomuo moco, imo dcjia-eincx djix oeex, c meM item hukokoco pocicma. H nee maK: mo, imo Mocym no cpedcmooM cooeü komiui-Htm nee. in mo item pactemoa; :ia Koxdym ocofiyni neun, WIM npuxoim, - paciem». «Heyxejiu x amo Mbi? neyxejiu 3mo iiaiuo :icm-jix? ü cjiHiuana iioiuy iicciihi, onu eoaapxm no-pyc-CKUf. - «fla, MM tiuduuib nettdojiCKCpeky, - 3mo Oka; 3mu jiHidu Mbl. nedb c modom x, pyccKan!» B poManc «Mio ,tc. lau.?» ccn. oöpan.i rak iian.iiia-cMbix. «Hoiibix jiKiaeli». K HiiM oTHocsTca ;ionyxoB ii KupcaHOB, .tto qecTHwe 6/iaroponHhie nparManikii I ux rpy;i HanpaB/ieH Ha 6jiaro Hapoaa. Bcpa IlaBJioB-iia npciicTaBjiaeT b npoiiTBeflCiiini Tun packpcnoiucH-hoII Aciiiuiiiibi. Ohü He laMbikaeTca b ccmcIIhoII aht- HH 11 MMHia ofimeCTBCHHOH BeHTCJll.HIKTbKl. OcoficHiiocTi.Hi poMaHa HBjiHCTCH yHacTiie aiiTopa ii ah um i cpoeii, oh ficccaycT c HHTaTe/ieM ii ae/iaeT OTCTynjlCHHH OT OCHOBHOil CK1ACTHOÜ .1HHIIH. BiiiiMaiiiic lacjryAHBaeT ii AHTepaTypiio-kpiiTHHc-?" .iCHTCTbiiiKTb McpiibiuicHCkoro, oh npo,io/iAa- CT Tpa.THUllll Hc.THHCKOrO. H. I'. HcpHNiiicBCkHll laiiiiMacr naahoc mccto h iicTopiiii pycckoll ny.ibTypbi, ero BcccropoHiiah ;k- HTC/lbH(X.Tb cpailHHMa C TakllMH HC.TllkallaMH CBpo- ncHckolt ky.Ti.Typu kak iianp. JIcchiit, J(iMpo ii.ui KoMCHCkllll. /IpyroM ii copaniiikOM 'Icpiibiiiiciickoro aii.iacTca IIiikii i.ni \ h hi an ipoiiH'i , loOpo iioTioii (1836 1861). (iioii ncpiibic kpyiiiiijc .TiiicpaiypoiicAHCckllc crarbii oh iiainica.T fiyjiyHii eiui cryACHTOM. Hccmo-ipa na io. HioonyMcp ii 25 jicthcm ho ipacrc, oera-hHjI pa.T iipoiiHHaTCJii.iibix pafniT. Ii koTopux flaCT ouciiky iipoHTHCTciiiiaM coiipcMciiiiMx iiiicaic.icll. Haiip., - 'Imo mtiKoe oCvioMonufuna.'» (1859) o poMa HC «OCijioMim» I oiri.ipoii.i iuih ttJlyn eoemo a mi'm-hom uapemae» (1860) o iibccax Ocrpoiickoio iijni «lafiiiibic jiKviii» (1861) o npo'ic /Ioctocbckoto. C iipiixoaoM ii .niicpaiypy iincaicicli iiciiiopan-ckoro iipoiicxoA.Tciiiia iiaMCMaKrrca ii cc pa ihiithh ht-m i i ii ii ii i XynoACCTHcniiaH npoia iviyCoKO ;uk|k|)c-pciiiiiipycTca i' .1 KTiHo ii oTuiacni Aaii|xiii. Itcxiua in ipaaiiiiiiii "Haiypa.Ti.noll ihmvim», h hcü i|HipMiipyHii Ca ABC IKHOIIHI.IC ICHACIIUIIH. IIcpiUM. II|XVIClall.ICH iiaa iTiopicci HOM Ca.ni.ikona lUcApmia, Jlcckoiia, na po.THIIkOB, HACT HO liy III Ullk.TII UHHII OHCpKOB. B paMKax BTopoll tchachhiih iiafi.TKiAacrca npo-uecc cocAHHcmia coniiajibiioro aiiajima, xapaKTcp-Horo AAa i|ih HioAoniHcckOTo onepka. C aiiajnnoM ncHXOAoniMcckiiM. ymyfiAacTCH ^THHCckaa npoßAC- MaTllka. K Hill CACAyeT OTHCCTH TBOpnCCTBO BCAH-KHX pOMailHCTOH HTopoli IIOJIOBHHI.I 19-OTO BCK3 (Typi CIICII II lipCAAC HCCTO ToACTOll II /locTOCHCkllll). B iipoic 60-bix roAoii cyuiccTByKvr TaKAC cyßiiCk- THIlllO-Alipil'ICCkllC IIOIieCTBOBaTC.TI.ilbic crpyk lypi.i. iio.iy'iiiiiniiic ii .Ta.H.iiciiiiicM pa niiriiic n iiiopHCcriic KoptiAeHko ii I'apiniiHa. B .TirrcparypiioM koinckcic 60-i.ix roAoii iuiahik mccto laiiiiMaKir AeMokpanmcckiic iipoiaiikii, Ha-ii.iHacMi.ie ia ux HCAiiopaiickoc nponcxoAAeHHc «MyAHUKHMH li'Mi.l I .1 ' .1M II ■ DO CpailHCHlIKl G o6pa loiiaHHi.iMii ii MarcpiiaAbHo ofiecncHciiiii.iMii AllopailCkllMH [lHCaTCAHMII, OHH CO'lAaMIT CBOII lipo HTHCACHHH B AOHOAbHO TpyAHblX yCAOBHHX. BOOBh TbiBaAiici. ii o6pa lonamie noAynaAii b iipaBocjiainii.ix ccMiiiiapiiax HiTikoio ypoima ii bchi ahhu. hm npii-xoah.tocii lapafian.niarb cpeACTBa Ha ahihb. Ohm BHiKHi ii AiiTcpaiypy onuT ciioell TpyAHoll cyAbfiu, ii nx^paAaK>T pyccKoro iiHTCAAiircHTa-pa-iHomiiiiia. cio HocniiraiHic n aithichhi.ic ncpcnckTiiBbi. 26 27 CaMUM KpynHMM cpcAM nMcareAeft-pa ihomhhucb XH.ixctc» llHKO.IUH IrpUCHMOBHM lIoMHAOKCKMH (1835-1863). B KHHrc -Oiepku Oypcbi* (1862) airrop oiincbiiiaci tipoiiecc Hociiiiiamix ii npawKViaBHoJi ce-Miiiiapiiii (fiypcc). ;iacr ra.iepcKi acctokhx h nbXHbix yimcACH. kinopuc yfiiiBaMrr y cryaeHTOB HHTepec k lUYkC ÄIIIIICIIIIUH II) II, HCAHopXHCKOm HHTeA.Tll- icHia nokaiaii b noBccrxx (MNMONCBM (•uicmbe» (I860) m 'Mwtomw (1861). Mhko iaM Huch.ii.i-hhm >'riH'iii'KHH (1837-1889) nofipaxan b cBoiix nponMnenax aepciiHK). 06-pai ;icpcHHH b ignuM «Ow/ku ttapodhoeo fkmrn (1858-186!) - 3To mccto, rae *HByT npHMiiniBiibie. cycBcpHuc akviii. i lypojioBaHHue hchmhochmoH rK-.iiiiiKin B iio.imn 50 i4x - 60-wx rr. cymccTByKiT abb Ha-iip.iii iciiiim AitopxHCKax iio.vihx «micToro HCKyc-.11.1 ii iio.imx icMokpaniieckax. rpaAAaHcuax. K iicpiuiMy iiaiipaii.icmiKi npiimiAACAar TwrHeB, ci A k 'In.u him. ki> nmptiMy iiapil.'iy c OlapeiiWM ii llikp.Hiiii - Mm i i.ic lui.vri.i» oiiiipaHHCH na poMaH- THMCCKyK) 3CTeTHK.y H (J)H/IOCOCpHK). Kopmi rpa*. AaHCKofi no33HH ciieayeT iicklh i, b TBopiecTBe ;iep. MOHTOBa H AeKa6pHCTOB. eAop Hb3hobhh TiomeB (1803-1873) - opiim. HaAbllblH n03T. B CBOHX CTHXaX CTABHT BOnpiK« o einbiege XH3HH, yKa3HBaeT napaAAe/m Me*ay ay. woii MCAOBeica h npupcmoii, nmueT npeKpacHyK) ak> GoiiHyro Jinpwcy. CTHXOTBOpCHHX BTOporO npeflCTaBHTeAX «mhct0- ro HCKyccTBa» - no3Ta AeTa-IlIeHuieHa (1820-1892) nepeaawT HacTpoeHHi aBTopa. Oh chhtba, mto hcthhh3h no33iia aoaahj yXOAHTb OT fleHCTBHTeJlhHOCTH H nosTOMy c npcHt- opcACHiieM roBopii.T o rpa>KAaHCKoft no33HH, koto-past bhaht CBoe npM3B3HHe b cnyiKemiH HapoAj. Mhoio cthxob y OeTa HamicaHO Ha Tevty pycckoi npiipoAbi. npHpoAa y Hero hc cum ;;uu c weAOBeMe-ckhm TpyAOM, a BbicTynaex . nuni. kbk oobeKT 3CTt-THMecKoro HacAaxAeHHH. BaAHa b no33HH xyAo*Hii-Ka h TeMa aio6bh, oh yineex xopoiuo ncpcAaTk nepeAHRaHiix bakiGachhwx. 40-bix roAOB HcKpacoR c6.ihih.icii c Bcahhckhm II 3to IHakOMCTBO IIOHAHX.to Ha XyAOACCTBCHHUH pocT aBTopa. C 1846 r. oh trraA Boir.naaAXTb «Co- lipeMfllltUk», me COTpyAHHHüCr C -k'Mi >i.j m i mm, cKiifl iiHicAAHreimiicll KpiiTHKa meto orMcMacT «cupuryKi ApaMy» llckpacoBa, oh ak>6ha hccth apitcTokpant'iockiiH o6pai ahihh, ii iBCCTiia cro iTpacTi, k oxo-re h k kapioHimii hi pe, la tth c.iaoo-cTH on co6oii npcHc6|x:i a.i, ho kbk mm iipoHiumei BblCOKIIC lipailCrllCHHbie k.l'lit i li.i B 187() r. HcKpacoH ia6oACA pakoM h nepci Ana roAii yMep. Ero noxopoHbi craAit MaHH(pecTai|Ml BporpccCHBHbiX etui Poccmt, c pen.1(1 BbicrymiA (I) M. /lot'TOCBCKHH. II m. ( lll\(llll(l|HIIHH Kdlhtfx'JIUUlX IUI /iv (HcpiUH IIO.HIIIIIIla 1(1 i.u i 11. II ill I IIi.miiuiiii (iirpiiaii iio.iimiiiia 40-ijx niiinii 3ayku ii Me'tntH - c6opiiHk (1840) Ihi.mi ii spuAdanuit (1856) I'll i.iiuiii.irnuH v iHii>iii)nti.-i> ;«if)jK' u)u (1858) flu Uwi.-e (1860) I'unoph lui 'lue (I860) [Iwi demeü (1860) Ilm . i,'.)/(;/«■ tin im c6opiuik ( I*77| [l03Mbl KopofieüHUKU (1861) Opium, Miimh lojitkimtkax (1863) Moptri-KpacHuu hoc (1863) XCejifimiM <)<)/*>.■<( (1864) AedyuHu (1870) PyccKtie Aeitwuiibi (1871-72) Kom\ im l'yiu Aumu xepowo (1873-78) HllKd.KlÜ A/ICKCCeBHM HeKpacoB (1821-1878) H. A. HcKpacoH - BCAHManuiiilt novi 60 - 70-ux ro-.iiiii. kpyina-lluiiili npcACTaBHTeAb rpa*AancM)h im nun. ho h cowre.ib npcxpacHbix AK)6oniibix Mhko chkm MckpaCdR UHKAOB. TcMa'iH4CCKH ero TBOpWeCTBO CBHiaHO c ropoAOM h AepeBHeii, BbicTynaeT KaK oaAAaAHCT, nyÖAHUHCT H caTHpHK. H. A. HeKpacoB poAHAca na Yspamie b noineuiH-Mbeil ceMbe. fleTCTBO npoBeA b ycaAbße IpeujHCBo b HpocAaBCKoii ryöepHHH. Otcu nosTa 6wa Ma.io ()6pa30BaHHbIM, XeCTOKHM H ACCnOTHMHblM MCAO- bckom, oTqero cTpaAa^a Ao6paa h noKopHan MaTb no;ria. BneqaTACHHH ot HepaAOCTHoro AeTCTBa iiaujjiii orpa^cHHc b MHornx CTHxoTBopeHHHX xy-AojKiiiiKa («PoduHa», «Pbiifaph na nac»). FIoCAe na-THAeTiiero o6yicHiia b JIpocAaBCKofi rHMHaiiiii HeKpacoB yexaji b ricrcpGypr h noirryniiA b yHH-nepcHTer. OTeu, y3HaB o penicillin cbma, OTpcncd or Hero h oTKa'jaA eviy b MarepHajibHoü noAAep*-Ke. ByflyujHii no3T OHyTHJica b nojiOÄeHim HeflBO-pHHCKoro HHTeAAiireiiTa, einy npnxoAHAOci» :iapa6a-TbiBaTb Ha *H3Hb. Oh nHcaA peueH3HH, oiepKH. Aaxe ACTc'KHe nbeew, nepeBOAHA, AanaA nacTHbie ypoKii. 3ra aimiii, noiBOAHAa einy no3HaKOMHTbC>i c comiaAbHbiMii HinaMH neTep6ypra. y>Ke b HaiaAe Iii pi..i i Kiiiira HcKpacoBa «Joyiu m juevmu- öbuia iipiiiiHia KpiniiKoli orpimaTCAbHo. JlHTcpaTypiivK) HIBCCIllOCIb npilHÜC CMy cßtipHHK CTHXOTBOpCllllii I 1856 i. C6optiiiK npcAcraBJiHCT CO0OM Bi.i6op Ayi-uiHX cnixoii aiiropa 40-bix ii 50-bix roAoii. Klima oi KpHMeiCH ACKAapaiiiiiiibiM CTiixoTiiopeiiiieM «llo:mi ii tpaxdaHim». 0b0 iiaiincaHO H (|m)pMe AiiaAora, no- H ii i paAAailllH ii IICM CIHipxT o UCJ1HX *n Hin, CMHC- -•ic iicKyccTHa, o pojiH xyAOAHHka n ooiucctbc y*e H ncpBMx npoH iBeACHHHX no3Ta oTpaacacTC» couiiajii,Ho-yp6aniicTiitot MOMCIII CXI ii.iiiaeTCH B CTiixoTHopemixx «Bop», «PpudoK», -BaiihKü'. CrHXOTBopcHHB HcKpacoBa - 3to mhhh.i IKipill.K- liciopilll B COKpaiUCHHOlt ((«ipMC. ck)*ct ko-ropiMX AHlllb HaMCHCH. B OTAHMlie ot HapOAHIIKOB. HcKpacimy nyAAa KHUBCrfc k ropoAy. Oh hbaxct-i» MpcAiiiccriiciiiiiikOM ypfiaiiHcniHCCKoll 110311111. ko-ropax laiiiiMaci na*noc mccto b CBponclk'Kolt ahtc-paTypc. Ha pyccKoii iiohbc 011a pa iBHBacrcx rioiAC. na ncpc.noMC 19 - 20-oro bb.. HanpiiMcp. b 110.1 um ÜAOKa H bpKICOBa. B TBopMecTBe HcKpacoBa yAeAxcxcx ■nam raic*c npo6AeMaTHKC AcpeBHii. TcmoII ero «Aepc- hchckhx» cTiixoit, kak ii "i(i|x>;ickiix•>, "lame Bcero crajia ipaieAiix iipocroro 'icvioBcxa. Ilo.vr iiiuiii 1 cip.i.iaiiiiH Haptvia. cro io|k-, 110 iak*c m.ipa*acr Hcpy 11 cro npaiici iicmibic cn.11,1. Bcpiiiiiiioii xyAoACciiiciHibix crpcM.icmiil llckpa-coiia xii.iHioTcH muMbi. h mix iicno. 11, Kilian iicci. cro no.vni'iccKiili oiibn, ofibciiniciibi pa 1111,1c *aiipom,ic ((«ipMbi ii npiicMu: cnixoriiopiiMÜ o'icpk. (|muii, KAopiiax CKa iKa. npiipoAiiax 11 rpaAAaHCKa» Aiipiika h caTiipa. B DUM «Mopo iKpwiiiiiii 11 iiciirpc HiiiiMa-hhh aiiropa TpanmcCKax cyni>6a KpccrbmicKoli ce-Mi.ii C10ACI iiii'mi.i *Ko.\ty im l'ycii aiiiiii, xopimiii» OMCHb lipiKT. C'CMCpo MyAHKOH ii 1 pa IllblX ACpCBCHI. laxorcAH y inaTb npaBAy - «KOMy KOtlGi bccc-ao h BOAbroTHO Ha Pycii». pciiiii.iii iiaiiiii raKoro CHacr-.HiBoi ii Mc.ioiicka. C'ka iohiioc iiana-io iio:)mi,i - ahuji, yc.ioniii.ill iipiicM. C'ka'himiiiktii HCHC lac'T. KorAa no3T npucrynacT k pcaAiicTHMCCKOMy 11 io6pa*cimio nOAAHHIloli * ii ihm AKIACH. ii MSMB BCTpcMaKITCX Kapniiibi ii i ah iiiii man pa uibix coiuiaAbHux cao-CB pyccKoro o6inccriia. B Ay>iiiiiix npii iiicACHiixx HeKpacoB nocTiiraci lUAHCitlllllC npo6.1CMM CBOCil ;inOXII. Cro TBOpMCCIllO CHI pa.io iiaAiiyK) po.ib 11 pa ibiiiiiii pyccKolt iio> um. 28 2S Müüh (VpicciiKM [yprcHeB (IHM-18X3) liHip>iiviiHi II (' l)|)niiciu iipcacraiUHCT pac HHCT lipilIIIMiVkOII) pCM.IHIMU ß CHOHX lipo Klx OH cyMca iiocthmi. aTMoc<|>epy pyctKofl oouiccthch-noft am um 4(1 70 u\ i o.ioh iipoinaoio c Ki.ieriiH. I ypi chcm |Mi iii i, :l ii ii-mu' IIOMCIllllka /'U'IVKIlf i o- au linearem npoiiiait cpean npcupaaiolt cpeaHe-pyccuoH npupoabi ii ycii.'iiA.* puanreaeil k Ciiac-dUIM-ZlyiOHIIHOHC. iicki.'icmi Ol Op.ia. Iii o Man. .'i lll'l.i i.k i. ACITOMIM, h\ Hol ii HCl kiim XilpaKTL' |Him. ima rpyTxi OMMMflKk K KpciloOrin.iM Kpec-ri.miaM llocvic .loMaiiiiicH iioarinoiiMi TyprcucH MiKiiiiaci ciiü'ia.i.i MotKOHCKllll, iioioM Moiepfiypi - IIhuh C'cpi cchhi TypreHc» CMlII yilHHcpCIITCThl. CboH IHailHH iii) l|)IIJl(K'Ol))IIM Oll COHCpiIlCHtTliyCT H Bcp.'llllICKOM yilHHCpCH ic ic, rac M'iymicT KaaccHHecKyio HCMCUKyK) c|>hjidco-<|>iimi B MiKKiiy oh iicpiiy/n.» ii 1841 r., h tom ac rojiy bctpcth^c« c i'orojieM h h 1843 r. c BeaiiH-imim. in iiyoaitKaiiiiio iicupiiaora o loro-ic, Typre-HCB OlJJI iipcCTOliail ii nOTOM rnciuh noa Haaiop ii CllaCCKOC lllH IC OKOHlaHH« CCM.1KII lipiK-\;i 1 i< llcicpoypr, xoim .ioiio.m.mo -lacTo npciM.iiiaa la rpaiimicli, nyaa cro Kaen.ai) myrxiKoc MyiicTiio k paiiny ickoII iiciiiiuc Biiapao. H taamie poMana «Hukaiiyne» BhriBajio o^ecioHCH-itbie enopu, KpirrHHCcKH k HeMy oTHeoiHCb yiHße-paabiibie Kpyni H npcacTaiiHTcaH aeMOKpaTOB. Oma-Hiiin.iii TyprciiCB xotcji naBccnaa yexaib in Pocchh ii Oma urrbCH ot aiiTepaTypHoro inopHctTBa. B nooieawie accHTiiaeTHH ah ihm y nHcare/isi npe-ofraaaaioT cKenTHHCCKHe h neceHMiicnmecioie Ha-erpocHHH, h ro Haurao orpaAeHiie b «Cmuxomoope-minx (i npoie». >Wp TypreHeB bo OpaHUHii, ero re.no ßiJJio npHBeieHO b Pücchki, noxopoHCH b Ile-repöypre. llptm.iiicdeHUH Ilo.lMbl /7<;/>«km(1843) Paieoaop (1845) An()/>eü (WAS) HoMewK (1845) Ill.CI'bl XonocmxK (1849) /'<< \eoeop na (iojibuioü dopoce (1850) Mecmi « depeoiie (1853) PaccKa ii.i JIiwwiuk jiuiuneeo 'lejioaeKa (1850) 3anucicu oxomnum (1848-1851) My^iy(1852) At-j» (1858) riepeajt jimdoob (1860) Hamme eodu (1872) Flocjie cMepmu (1883) POMailbl Pydwi( 1855-1856) fleopjwcKoe ineido (1858-1859) Hoauatym (1859-66) Omtfbi u demu (1862) Hoab (1870-76) Cmuxomeopewt* «npo3e (1877-83) TeOpCTHHCCKHe CTaTbH TOMjiem u JJoh Kiixom (1860) . lumepamypHbie u Mtmcüaaie eocnoMUHanux (1869) B Haiaae ainepaiypHoro nyiw TyprcMCB cower iio.I1HK). b IlCHaTH nOHBJIHKm cio MO.imij ii .'MipilHC COt oi■iixirrmipcmiH. naniicainibic ruui h.'ihmhhcm |>o M.llllMIM.i. K 40-blM IO.UIM OIIUK.HTCH laKAC CIO apaMUTHMCCKHO noniJTKH, ho oiiii ccioaH» yAe noia-i'iijin. K npotc oii npiicryiiaci b kohiic 40-nx loaim JlHTcparypHyMj cjiaBy eMy iipimccaa ny6aiikamin iiiixaa '.'iiinuiku axommuca», iianciaiaHHoro ii «Co- H|HrMCIIHHKC». Km COaepAHT 22 KOpOTKMX paC- cKata H oHcpKa (b 1880 r. aoniuiHCHa Ha 25). Iliicarc.ib npcoaiwicJi yixiic paMKH iiiutiikh «i|)M-iiioaoi h'icckoh) oncpKa Harypa;ibiioH iiiko.m.i» ii cowa;i iioHbiB h'uvixji na pyccKyKi acpcHHK). flpR- CTHyKHUMMH J1HIWMM «'.iailMOK OXOtllllUKIl» IlblCiyila- k>t upecTbHHe, aBopoiibie aH)an, noMciuHKii. Airrop IIOKa IblliaC I CMOIIX ic'poCIl hc KHK Acp'l'liy lOCMoa, HO aoxa ibiiiacr, »ito oiiii no cboiim iipaHCTBCHiihiM kanc- CTIiaM h LnOCofiltOCTHM ctoht aaAC HhllllC mx B l|H- x^ie BcrpcHacTcx uejibift p«a pa miHifipa tm.ix, BHy-ipmc fforaran iiapoaiibix imiob, B paccKaic «Xopb ii Kti:tii!ti.i't" airrop iiapiicona.i .iiia pa iiii.ix uiiia. mi lopi.ic iion;ioiuaH)r pa iiibiii noaxoa k ahhih. Xopio pa ipcniiiji momciuhk yÜTH ii i acpcBHii ii noceaiiTbCH ii aecy. Tbkhm o6pa iom oh yiuea ot laiiiitiiMocrn IlOMCUIBKa ii CHOHM TpyaOJIKlflHeM H SHCpTHClt DO»- aaa KpciiKoe xo-ihHctbo, cyMCJi HaKoniiTt. acHbrn, Ohl.i b XlipOlUIIX OIIIOMICIIIIHX C oapillloM Ka.lHlll.lM - .»Moiiiioiia.ii.iiasi Harypa, MCMraTcab, Ol Ocaiiocrn oh no crpaaacT, eMy 6c ipa i/ihmho, «b KaKoli h tfic oh Oyaer AHTb», «oh fi.iiiAc k npupoae, hcm k finiauM«. B paccxaic «tleoi^bi» HioGpaAciio rpyaBoc noao-Acinic Ta.iaHTjiiiBi.ix aioacli in Hapoaa b hpciiiKiiiii- HCCKOII POCCHH. PaccKaiu «3anucoK oxomHwea» ofibcaiiiiciii.i oflpa iom paccKa ihiikb - fi^iaiopoaHoro HaO.'iKiaa-reabHoro oxoihiiku, KOTopbill qacTO GcccaycT c ncp-cona*aMii. Oh xhjihctch oaHOHpcMCHHo in.ipa-HiTcacM BimaaoB nHCaTcaa. B khhtc mctko iipoaBaHcrcH itaAiiasi ncpia niWTimecKoro TaaaHTa TyprcHCBa - cnoco6HocTb coiaaßaTb npcKpacHi.ic 06-pa ibi npHpoabi. flec u i mein, (ompMdKu) Oxnma c pyxbeM u COßHKOÜ npehpaata CQMÜ no cefie... ho, nojurxuM, au m podiuiucb oxonuiuKoM; oiw acc- maKU nmfiume npupody... on. cnedoimmejib-no. He Moxemc He laoudooamb möiucmv ßpamy... Cjiyutaüme. '.inaeme :m. minpii.wp, *<«<«• luiiJUiAdenue tibi-exami, ueuioü <)« uipu.' Hu uuxix)ume im kpu.n.iio. . Hu meMHiH-epoM tiefte Koü-ede Mu^amm taeidu; ujiuahuü tiemepok mpedtca iiaöe.iieni .ie.-koii iioji-nun. i.iuiiiimu jw-mue nojiocu npomniiyjiuib tut tieCty, « iHipaeax KJiy-Cmmin napu; xaaopoHku iiiohko nimtm, npedpai-cuemiiuii tiemep noily.i. ii ttuixn niiviumniti fia.-pouoe cojiiiue... mm fiepeumuü Jievok na eope; in im.» Ctojiomo, wydu iep. '.iupx umuxivm noxa-pi>M ii oöxtuimujia iiouiröii. ('o.'imic cudiimcx. Ho:u)\\ nßjunii ktiK-mo ocoCwiiim lipo ipii'ivn, cjiotmo eme-kjikhhuü; iidcuiu jioAumc» MJUKUÜ nup. metviuü im diu); iiMeime ü, n dcpciinm. ii ii u'y. .'<)<• iin iio'iyetne. A mo aenuutb mjioxumb 6i\u»iue dpo-AKU u no-edeuib ii MC na pxö'iuKoa... Born u Jtec. Tenb u mu-utuiiit. Cmamnue ocutiu hucoko jiene'iym MW aa.wu; d/iuHiiue oucxHue nentkit Ctepei e<\ia uietie.ixmoi. MiKytuü dy6 emoum. HM (toett, nodjie kpacuaoü jiu- 31 nbi... flariee. donee, MyGxe o Aec... Jlec cnoxnem.. Heu ir.xt nu.ua x mumuiiti uinaňaem u ňyuis: ňa « »'/>>'-com mak ňpeMomno u muxo. H kiik .mim Ať ta.uuú jiec xopoui nouhteů oce-HhK>... Hempa iiťm. u item nu cojmho. nu enema, nu menu. nu ňauxenux. nu m\Mu: 11 mxckom omňyxe pni mm tnťiiituú untax, iioňoónuu umaxy mina: nuntkuú my.uím • mourn 111)11.111 mu) AC.imuMii nn.ix mu (\mni, ofintiAťmiue, (íypnue tytux i)epein>en Miipiio fic.ieem nenoňauAiioc neíio; Koú-cňe mi :iu-nox mu xm nocjicňnue to.iomuc .nitmi,*. Cupax umím vnpvca noň itn.-iiMii; nuiokuc. cyxue Ciujiuiiku ne uienejtxmcx; ň.tunitue numu Rjietmxm nu no-ó.ieňnettuieii mpattc. Cnoktiúno ňutuum cpyňi,, 11 na ňyuiy itoxoňum cmponnax mpetioco. Ha titim nu tiHjpti.mii, 11 omheexee none. 111 /utni,. Iltpun ňttxmt, iipnóupa. utt 1. nu 1111 npoccjiixiuuM ňopoctiM, mim, inikniicit. i'n.ii,uiax. Miimii Occkoucí-iiu \ 060 um um oňitoco etviti ňo ňpycoco. 'tepe 1ne-tiíiii tpiiMUf no. is... no.'ico. ňojico eňeme nu... flance, danee.'... Houviu cmennue.wcma. Ijixneun, c copu ■ kuknu mu)' Kpvc.iuc. 1111 ikiic vo.imu pti uiecaiomex utuptikUMu tiojmiiMu; xapocuiue KycmoMU mipacu uiMimt x Mcxňy niiMit; npoňojicotiumuMU ocmpona-Mit po ifípotanu ncCiojiiMtiic poutu; om ňepetmu K ňc-pconc (iccym ytkue ňopoxKu; uepKtiu Cicjiciom... Ho ňanee. ňiviee eňeme ttu. Xojimu oce MCJib'te u mcjii,-hi> iiomcmiiiiiii.i JlarynckOH HaTaAi.a ii HJlKHUiaCTCa ii IICIO HcCMOTpa Ha to. Mto Mail. hc pa ipciiiacr cil Hhixo/WTi, la Hero iaMy*, oHa roioiia pa iaciihti. C hum ciioK) cy;u.(iy. Ho PyAHH oka lajica cviafibíM 11 iicpoiiiiiTcn.iii.iM 'ic.ioiicKOM 11 tipoA-nara-eT HaTa/ibc noAMHHíiTbca MWM MaTcpH. Bee jxtVi-crwia Py.uina KOHMaiOTCs iicyaaieH. noroMy mto oh hc cnocoficH npeonojicnaTi. npcimrcTHiiH. Hcupiicno-O/ichhocti. k m i oTcyTCTBiic n" in acnaioT Py-,'inna "Jhiiiihiim mc^obckom». (' fiojibinoli xyao*e- cTBCiiHoll GBnol Hapiicoiiaiibi b poManc IlopipCTIJ re-potk iipoiiiiMCCKii oniicaH o6pai noMemimw JlaTyH-ckoii - npeAcraBHTe^bHimbi npomiHmia/ibHoro abo-pmicTBii. ncpenaHa aTMoco>epa cTyaeHHccKHx ;~k(5y*kob 30-blX TOflOB. j^clilT poviaHa «floapxHCkoe CHe:iňo» npoiíc-xoAiiT h 1842 r. Cw^eT poMaHa cocTaB^aeT RCTopai inaiiM(K)THoiiieHii(l Kyjii.TypHoro ABopHHHHa Jlaiipcu koř) II flllopHHCKOli ACByUJKH J1h Ibl. JlaBpcuKHií. Kax 11 I'y.iiiii, iipnna,i;ie>KHT k «^hujhhm /ik>amm». Oh hc-kpcimc xoieT CTaTb fijiH^e k pyccKoň fleňcTBirrejib-noem. taHsiTbCsi b cbocí) AepeBHe no-HacTomucMy ccai>ckhm xoihííctbom. Oh CTpaAaeT ot hIMCHW CBOClí ŽKCHbl ii BAKlGjiaeTCH B Ao6pyK), lipaBCTHCHHO m 1)111, BocnnrannyK) i> Ayxe Ayniuiix pyccKiix Ha-poAHi.ix 11.1 [Mínili - AeByuiKy JlH3y. Ohu tojkc jikióht JlaiipcuKoro. ho oh, yiHaB, mto coo6meHiie o CMcpTH *chi.i, (ibiAO ^o^cHbiM, nOKopHAca cyAb6e KaK cAa- OoBOAbHblB HeAOBeK. /lH3a yXOAHT B MOliaCTbipb 11 sinici 11 ycAHHeHHH. Oahhokhm qyBCTByeT ce6s ii JlaBpCAKHH, xot8 BHeUJHe npHMIipHACM co CBOd iKCiioii. B poMaHe ecTb npeKpacHbie onncaHiia npiipo-Abi, nelíia>K wacTO cooTBeTcryeT AyuJCBHOMy cocto-hhiik) rcpoH. B poManax «Pyňun» h «flaopmicKoe cne:>ňo» ino-fipa*CH KpinHC (pcoAaAbHoro CTpoa, Bbipa*CH npo-TecT npoTHB KpenocTHHiiecTBajB poMaHC "Hukaný-ne» HapiicoiiaH oGpa i pyccKoň xhjhh au oimchw KpenocTHoro npaBa. B ;viom iipoinucACHmi. h otah-'inc m npcAbiAymiix, y*e BCTpeMaeTca o6pa> ciiAb-Horo, ueAcycTpcMAěmioro xapaKTepa, Kuiopbiii npii-xoaht Ha CMeny «AiiuiHero HejiOBeKa». DiaBiihiM rcpocM poMana hi.ic rynacr Go.irapcKiiii li vacht Hh-capoii. Ucti. it o aiijhii - ocho6oaaciiiic poAKHhi ot rypciikoio nopaooiiiciiiia. Ilucapoii pa ino'iiiiicu. iionAomaeT HfleH AeMOKpaTHwetKoB HHTe^Aiirctiuini. líni iicpin.iM ApyroM b jkhthh CTaHOBHTca pycckas AciiyniKa li.iciia. Ona civieAaa, aKTHBHaa; npoTHR bo-- ni poAHicjicii HMxoAiiT ia Hero lainy*;. Koma HHca-pon in.iAcii ycxaiT. Ha po.iiiny. EAeHa nu c HUM Hiicapoii 11 Aoporc yMiipaer, ho OHa OTnpaHAaeTca 11 BojirapuBj npmo. 1 Aaib cro acto. bopi,6á Me^Ay TaiUHTHHKaMH CTapoii, ABopaH-ckotí HAcoAoniH li MOAOAěžKbK) onpcAeAacT maBHya TCMy poMaHa -Omyu 11 ňemu». IloAO^HTeAbHbíM re-poeM poiwaHa aBAaeTca Ba3apoB, npeACTaBHTeAb ACMOKpaTHMeCKOH moaoac3kh. Oh - HHrHAHCT, OTpH- uaKimiiii CTapbie npcApaccyAKH h CTepeoniiibi ABopaH- Ckiiio iKiiiíťcma l>a lapoii upne ia.ici co cbohm ip\ iiim Apk.iiiicM KiipcaiiiiKMM 11 yca.Ti.f)> .mocpa.11,110 loiioMciiliika Kiiko.Taa Kiipcanoita. CfiparoM xoihh-Ma - llaiuioM KiipcanoBbiM - oh hcaět cnopu 11a paiiiuc tcmij, 11 mix apko packpuiiaioTca tiiiAiiiiii.iy-a.H.HUC MepTM rcpoeB m mx xapak lepu, oipaAacrca k,iii(|i|xiiiKiium noKOAcmili. [Iohk/ichhc poiuaiia um-inaAO noACMitkii HOKpyr ofipa la ba tapoHa. Pchiuik)-iiiiiihiio iiacTpociiHaa moaoacab wKTipmia.Ta :rnrr crfipaT kak kapHKaTypy Ha moaoaoc nokOACimc. H11-riiMiio-AiipímecKaH tcmb hhjihctch ucinpajtbHoll ii |m)Mallť -flUM", ACňCIBIIC kOKipill o ll|XIIICXOAIU '-i ipaiiiiiicň 1'occmi. Poinaii iipoinikiiy 1 ucccuuiicui'ic ckhm HacrpociiiicM. airrop CMHTaeT, tm ACMOkpani •icckhc kpyni 110 noiniMaKvr iioTpcfniocicIl uaptvia. IIOCJICJIHIIM kpyiiiii.iM lipou ihcwhhcm Typí ciiciia (Sun AByxTOMiiwil poMati «Hom,», nocnaiucnni.ill 11a (XIAIIII'ICCkOMy ABHiKCIIIlH) 70-i.ix rOAOB. HHiHMiiaa TCMa iilixoaht na iicpm.iil ii-ian rak*c B HOBCAAHCTHkC ll(x.'jTCAIIIlX JICI (liaiip. paccKaiu -ACH', oBeuinue aoňbi»). Iacci. npoaiuiacrca Macrcp-ctbo xyAOAiuika packpi.iiiaiT. imyrpcHHiili Miip re-pnnky liro iipcatAC iiccro HHTcpccyeT, UUM oópaioM orpa-*acTca ABHAciiiie HCTopím 11 hobccahcbhoíí ahihh awacII onpeAeAěHHbix comia.Ti.Hbix rpynn. PoAHAca niicaieAi. b CiiMfiiipcKC Ha Boatc 11 aw>-paiicko-kyncicckoil ceMbe. tbm npoAUA CMacTjm-boc Acicnio Oópa loiiamic noAymiA 11 lacnioM llalICHOHC II laTCM b kOMMCpiCCkOM yiH.Tinuc 11 Mock ne. Ilocne ero okoii'iaHiia nocrymiA Ha i|hijioao-iii'icckiiil i()aky.n.tct Mix.koiickoio yiuiiicpciiic 1 a. rae yiiuiea e 1830 1101834 roA. yiuiekaerca npe*ae 3? 33 bccio »mivihhckuA h hcmcukoíI iincpaTypofl. Oh All.l ii Hi.lll|mil......ii II hc NM.Il. llmlU.I II .ICH iv.1i.hi> nu iii|h.iiiiiu\ npy*ion. C 1834 r. |m6oTaeT Iuh-•i.i|>iih MiiiiiiiiiiiiMiM, LiiaMa-ia h poanoM CiiMfiiipcKC. innoM B MHiiiicicpciHC i|iimaHcon ii llciepfiypie. B 1852 r. UH ■ urneciMc ceKpcrap* oinpuBH.ic>i II MO|X.K>H> .IKCIKVIMUHK), IloÓMHall II KlII.IC. Aljipil-kC, HlIOIIIIII MlK.IC IllMlip.llllCIIHH IHICa IC.Tl. ÓM T iui" IIh.iii A u i.*.ni iixuihm lnimapi B pOMailC "OflHKMHieitlMH UCinopUM' loHMaDOll nOKUlUJI. Kak IlO.l AalCTCHMCM AII IHCHHMX uClTlM-IC.IbCIII poMalITHHCCklIH MCHTaiC.TI. lipclipailiaCTCH II pai 'IC i. IIIIIIM ii kiipi.ipiK NI U ik-III |>C- [mim.III.i lili Ir Milka MCA AS lip.ll Vl.lllIMCCklIM McipoM ViyCHMM ii tmu u-m '-iiiimiki >m \ km nm AJiencaHflp nocje OMIHHUIIIIX \IIIIIK'|K iih-i.i lipilrlA.li.-l ii [Iciepóypi. On |xim.iiiiii'h\mi nm.ipiH.-h ii xomci ciaii, iio.miM. líi ii poMaiiniMCCKiic mcitm ni.icMcnBuei íuux. Ajick-caltap. pa uinupuBuiiHhiii Kp% uhlím mpoao.M. yciAaci ii ciuik) ycaflb6y, ho b jcpcbhc oh toac hc cikkihk-h ik.yilKVIH.IHTI. CIMIII ll.ICa.IM, "llliyMHCIIIIIIlii" II npii- MiipiiiiniHlicH. oh ho iiipaiuaercH 11 Ik-icpóyrij.; no pac- •10 IV ACHHKH II .ÍC.T.ICI KaplťPV 'IIIHOHHlUUi. [oHMapoii ii poManc h iof>pa iha CTOAKHOBcune na-ipiiapxa.ii.noil ii ííypAya moll KyahTypbi ■ 40-ue roaH. CKUKCT HCThipCXTOMHliro poMaHa *0GnoMOe» lipoCTolt. UťHTpa.ll.HMM I CpoCM HH.lHCTťH HflM ll.ii.iiM OO-tomob Oh m.ipoc li laxo.iyciiioii acpeiiHC (Wíjiomohkc. OIMI Koiopoll coxpaHHan CTapblC ipa.iiiiiiin Ohii ho paóoiaMii ii hc noiho.ihhit pafio- ina'icH ucinopoM npii MBHHCTCpCTBC napoAHoro ii|xx.iiciucHii>i. ero KOHcepBariiiinwc b Hanau bn ibi- BUAH HCflOBOJlbCTBHC ACMokpüTH4CCK0T0 .larcp*. Cnopi.i c acMohparaMii h orpHuarwibHaji outHKa poMaiia «OfipiM» nucaTeviH HaCTOJibico paccrponaii, mto oh yuicji b oTCTaBKy. rioc-ieflHHx ABaALMTb IKT cbocII JUOHH oh npimca b yeAHiiennii. Ilpoll IliC RTIIIH PoMUllhl OoiMiumeimiiH ucmopun (1X46) 00MM09(1839) [Ij ichi.lt' laillK'KH (Ppteama Tlcuvuida (1858) TaTb CBOHM ACTHM. M/lbH 6bia B AeTCTBC .I K I 111(111.1M m i 11ii!Ktim. ho poAHTeJiH He Hocnin binuKir 11 hxm Tpy;io;iK)6ne. oh npniihiK acHHTbca. «Hawaaocb e He- yMCHHH OaeBaTb MyJlKH, a KOHMHaOCb - HeyMCHHCM UTk». Oo.iomoh npcBpaiuaexoi b 6eiAe.ni.HHKa. oh ro.ii.ko /ieAHT Ha AHBaHC, apcM/ieT, MeMTaeT, ((111.10-UHJKTHyeT. B poMaHe cMy nponiHonocTaiuieH .wep-iimHbili. Tpyflo.iKiOHHbiH, BOJieBoii LUW11.11. Oh xomn OfiJioMoiiy noMOMb, yKaibiBaer eMy ahihchh)» ncpcncKTHBy, ho OoaoMOB KoaeßaeTcsi. Tcpon MC-KpeiiHC ^k«5ht Qjibra HjibimcKaH. ho oHa toac 6ec-nojieiHo nbiTacTCH nepHyTb ero k aKTHBHOH am um. «06/ioMonimiiia» no6e*aaeT 11 qyBCTHo jikioihi. 05-jioMOBy npiiHTiiee 11 aoMe MujeHnm.iHoii, rae oh mo-*ct enaTb 11 MeMTaTb. tOSnoMOe» npeacTaB/iaeT coöoii ofmieeTiieiiiio-HCHXojionmecKHii poMaH, b KOTopoM Ao aöcypAa AO-BCAen ofipa 1 «jiiiujuero Me.ioBeKa». [lOCINflBHM KpyniiiJM npomBeAeHHCM roimapow OJUUTCfl pOMAfi «Oftpbie», b kotodom BbicTynami paiHi.ie Tiinbi, xapaKTepHbie unn pyccKoH achctuh- tc.lhHOCTH 60-hlX TOAOB. IbimapoB npeKpacHO tHaJi npoßjicMaTiiKy CBOerO iipcMCHH. Oh eyHUI nocpeACTBOM mc/ikhx fle-ra.'ieJ coiaaTb BcpHyKi KapTHHy pai^oachuh (peoAa^iBHO-tpenoCTHHHCCKOro eTpon b Pocchh. OniicaHiiü npii-poAbi. inoGpaAeHiie jik)6obhwx OTHOUieHHfi .hiiiuchw h ero npoie cchthmchtb, HepeAKo Hcno^b-jyeTCJi lipo hhh. TiiopMccmo PoHMapoßa laHHinaeT BaAHoc sie-CTO Ii npouecce pa ibhthh pyccKoro pea^iHiina. /JpaMüTypruH 19-oro BeKa HcTopiix pyccKoro TeaTpa h ncpimll iio.to^Íhc fvron* h «Fope or yMa» rpMooenoM. imrycTBoiuui 19-om BCica hc MO Sonrra. IIwcm gpbi.ioBa pyccKiill icaipa.u.iiNil pcncpryap. llo;»roMy Ha cuc-11 iIxiHHiiiHiia fibic-rpo ycTape/iH, ip.ivii.i tl^liV iřn^r° iiax 111.111 ii[x.-a.ic heci o iiu-cu. iicpciiciciiiiuc c pa i-h .MacuapaA» JlepMoiiroBa hc ciMrrBeicTBOBa-th hijx miukob. ofiiiicciiicHHOMy BKyey. 3a hckkimchhcm komcaiir -"Vis- A^CKCilimp HllKOJiaeBHH OcTpOBCKHfl IlcpHhiM BC.iliKHM pyccKHM ApaMaiypioM cra.i AifKiaii ip Huhn laniii'i OcTpoBCKiiii (1823 I8KÍH. Koropbill Hannc&n 47 ni>ec, (no iicKoiopi.iM B 50-hie roAbi OcrpoiicKiil! c6nuuoTGa c Kpy*- M>M C.'iaBHHII(|lHJ10B, KOTOpiJC .TK)()ii/1H H H.TCa.lll iii- poiia.ni pycCKyiO CTapniiy 11 ciiiTajiH. mto uio HOBoil pyCCKoil AHTHH COCTOHT B OTOpHaHHOCTH OÓpa loliall- Holl Mac in ofiiuecTHa 01 napoAa. 3-rn b ii jih.ii.i 11a111.n1 "ipaAcniic ii lipon ničícímu »//<• 11 mim umu ne carinii,». Hu eil« in OtrpoiicKoro co c.iaiiMnoitiii.iaMii CMipo npenpaTii.THci. 1111 1856 r. 011 C&mueiO c CO-rpy.iHiikaMH « CoupeMewwKii». K /lyMiiiiiM npoii'iHCACHiiMM A. H. OcrpoBCKoro npniia;uicAHT .'ipaxia •■//km 111 k. i ii HbC- cax OcTpoBCKoro crponrcH 11a luiacin aencr, ho npncyrcTCBycT Tak ac -TMióoiinan 11111 pni a. Uplili IIH IfllllH C"l«IH JIHlňu - CVWIťMiS ( 1850) //ť ii (Wik i'«;/iu ne 101)1111. (1852) Jloxodnoc Menno (18561 liociniimiiiiimtn (1859) //um,; (1860) Jlec (1870) bcciipuihiiiiiiiita (1879) ry B0.1111 B aoMc fHiiaroli Kyiimixn Karianiixii aiiiici ee cmh TnxoH c acho« Karcll Kaoaimxa - Acinniiiia ii.i.n mau, .110111 1 ii'iH.iu. rpyfiaa I.imimii ac McpraMH iiaac.iciii.1 11 apyrnc ii|Kviciaiimc.Tii Kyiiciccnia. 11a-npiiMcp. kyncu Jliikoii. Kaoaimxa c.ieiio crpcMiiTCB yaepAarb CTapiiny. onnpaercH Ha pc.TiiiHKi. crporo cixi.TKiaacT nee liepKoiiHi.ic ofiptiabi. ho na cainoM ae-M ona Acclokán 11 Ulan. Ke cmh Tiixoh aoTip. .ikhIim ciioKi Acny. Aa.icci cc Hoc acicnia 011 iipniibiK noa huhu 11.ch Kiaicpn. Karepima - Acna Tiixona iiocniin.i 1..1 i.k 1. B coBcoM apyroM ayxe. OM noflaR CHfqnqno An 1111. ii ne cnocoöiia cMiipmi*:« c acctokhmh iipaiui- 31 35 r M» it .mm- kaoaiiitxit Mesiaci o iMrfiiui 11 ciac-II*. mi naiiimpcMciiHo H Hcfl iiapac-raer npirrecT. ilo-CJK r.'iyfxiMix iicpcAHwiHHR otia pcuiacTca Harn na i imúnne i IxipixiiM. kuuipoiu iiu.ikifin.ia Ona lie h cu.iax niiiptiii*h ľ cymcci wihjhhcm h aoMC My*a. kotopoi o ne .ik/íim, h unii macTcii cMy h H imchc. h- II. i i iiia-cm i|>ai ii'imi.iii 11|x>iinh ne naxoaiii iii.ixD.ia h i IK1.11IACIIHX II Klll'laCI UUIMI All Uli. II IKIJIIiaX Bo.llH Ixi.ll.lllVXl pil.'ll. H ,1|XIMC III paCT IICA «Al lipil IIOMDIHH (iiiHcaiiiiH npiipuiN ycH.iHHacnn ho vieAci wie oraejii.- HIJX CllCH. (Iiaiip IX>|VI I I po IN WRKU1HRCT cíleny iipii- III. 1 ti m vi K.iicpinii.i) ApaMy «/'/x>Ki» iiojioah.i na Myiuxy BCCMiipno-H nice I null Mciucr.HR raiMlio iHTiip Jlconi Mna'iCK. On cii'iiiiiii.i oiicpy in vi iia iiianiiCM «Kamx KiiChiwhiw. (Kl |X Hli k llii lipilMCHHCI Xy.lOACCIIlCIIHI.lii Olll.ll lipo IN ■•H.il xp.l ll.lli HI UIKOJIN». IK*)Hapy AHHaK>TCH, iiaiip., iiapa-iJieJiH c npoioň IiiiceMCKoro. B ero nbe-cax Bceraa npiicyTCTByer npiiB.ieKaTejii.Hijn ckiact n iiinepeciiaR WBRiKa. OcTpoBCKHÄ - Macrep h lUKa, a/iR Kinoporo xapaKTepHO Htno.ib lOHamie iioc.io-bhu; (|iaMii.iiiH h iiMcna nepcoHaAeA wacTo HNcryna-Krr b KaieeiBe hx xapaKTcpHci hkh. 3aiaaKoA oKyraHa mocn A.ieKcaHapa Hhch-.ii.ciiHia CyxoHOio-KoöbuiHHa (1817-1903). B mo-/íoaocTR oh 6mji oGbhhch b yGnlicTBe rjipaHuyACH-KH. KOTopaa Ghiaa ero jiKtóoiiHHueii. Ho ero iiiuia He GN.ia aoKaiaHa. Cyxoiio-KoGbiJiiiH mbjihctcm hhto-poM apaMaTimecKoíl TpHjiornii; nepBax nacTb-• Cuaditfia KpenuncKoeo» (1856). BTopaa - «//pyio» (1862-1869) h Tpcii.H - «CMepmh TupejiKuita» (1869). B Tpii/ioi'Hii oh paiBiuiaeT TpaaimiiH Hnoju u OcxpoBCKoro, luiAHyH) pojib Jaecb nrpaei carupa n rpoTecK. j>*.1**))Um. K k.iiiiiia.'iii iMy. HjiCT iipouecc iipojicrapn taním n mih pannu iiacc.ieiiHM in aepciiini n ropoa Ilepea oTlIIICC II11IM C IIIIII ll.IAHI.lii IlUlipiK k.lklIM liyTCM crpaiia noltacT aa.ii.uic, cnponeAcKiiM mni oraiier m k.m. c noil. cofxi ik'iihi.ih OGiiicc ľncinian iicycroii ■iiiniKTi. uponnn.iaci. TaK ac n ayxoHiioll aiMociticpc. ľycckan jíHTepaTypa umpolt hojioihihn 19-oro nc-Ka - :vro yraKUMOC Hii-ieinie b ncTopun Miiponoil jiiiTcpaiypi.i. Ohb HyTKo peanipycT na oGuicctbch-hnc HiMciieinia. iiohckh imaJiiiniiux aiuhciihnx iieiiiiocTcU naxoatiT orpaAciuic b npon ineaeiuiHx MIHU HX MIH .lir IľI( OcihVuikx'ti.k) pytcKoll .unepaiypN nropoll no-.10IIIIHN 19-oro HCKa hii.ihctch Teciian cur ib xyaoAc- Cllieillioii. iTHMCCKoli II oTlIUCCTHCHIIoll lipoó.ICMaTII kir lliicarc.iii iioka iMiiaioi. kak íiioxa onpeacjiHCT Alum. oTiNKiioBCHiioro Mc.ioiicKa. iMiiorne MacTepa c.ioBa iimyT OTBCTN na iionpoci.1 «hto ;ie.ian.'», «KaK AHTI. MeCTHO?». HcKOTOpNC llllCaTCIH. noflirf)- Ho BaabiaKy bo ((ipaniiy ickoIÍ .inrcpaType. co viaKtT lUijiKi inu o npouiJioM. Hanp. TojictoIÍ, Hexon. Byiiim. Ohchi. pacnp»x.TpaHéinibiM jWTepaTypHNM mothhom XHJ1HCTCH COlieCTb. llpoia no uiopoii nojioiiHHe 19-oro HCKa yrayô.in-eTCR ncnxo/iorimecKii, ciaiioiiiircH Gojiee (})H.ioco-i|)iiiihoh. b íio.iiiuieli Mepe ncnojib3yeT cuMHo.ibi h (|ianiacTHMecKiie npuéMN. PacuinpsieTCH n *aHpo-■U cncTCMa, iioiiiiiKaioT iionbie jKatipia. Kak iianp. m 111 11. 11-1 [ n 11111 paccKai, CKaiOMHbie ajuieropnii, jih-pniiecKaH apaina. IllCTTHMeCKOe TBOpneCTBO 3THX aeCRTHJlCTHfl ycrynacT npoie. B to BpeMH euje niiuier HcKpacoB n nm «iiexpaconcKoli uikojin». (Hanp H. C. Hhkh-thh. II. i. C'ypiikoii). Ho orní He OKaia/iii B.niHHiie Ha pa miřme pyccKoH nosiHii n hx TBopiecTBo ccroflHS y ac noiaGbiTO. HonyjixpHocTbH) n to BpcMR noabiyeTCR TBopie-cino Cexiťiia HKOR.icBHHa IIa uoiia (1862-1887). KoTopbiň npoAH.i HeaojiryK) Airnii. B cTHxax einy yaaatKb noeiHMb aemjuiioíHKí h TpannM mioxh. b mix iiiyMai MOTHBN pa loMapoHamiR n oTMamina Macii. KpiiTiiKH cmiiacT ero TBopqecTBO HanajioM pyccKoro aeKaacHTCTua. TpannM ahihh onpeae- ,uci i.ikAC iiiiMHHi Ilerpa h iHiiiiuiiH'ia HKyfio-xiľia (1860-1911), CBRianuiero cmmi ah mb c peno- ikiumohhoh aeHTeJibHocTbK» Ha|xi,iHiikon. ia >rro o npoJKRJi ao/irne roaN b cu6iipcKOR ccn^kc. Bnana-/K ero no.> ihr iiareniiiHa h peiopiiHHa. Moiiihn pa 1,,.|.1|X)I1.IHIIJ1 COC.UIHHHITCR 11 CIO CTHXaX C MOTHIlaMIl naae*flN n 5opi>fiN. On hujihctcr likac aBiopoM MCMyapoii «W Mupe oitMepxenmjx. '.ianuiku (iumut-.vi kumop*nuka» (1899). B ofviacTii AaHpoB h tc-m naHopaMa npo hi 70-80 ux lo.iuii imciii. iinipoka llapn;iy c abodrhckhmii niicare.iRMH .inňepaju.Horo iianpaiuieHHR (Typreiien, loiiiia(X)B) coiaaKiT choh npoH'iiieaeHHH npoaoaAa-ic.iu ipaaiiunlt penojiHimioiiHNX acMOKparon no i.ia hc c HexpacoiibiM n i .i iii.iioiu.iM Ml. ipmiiixi Ho-cvie noKyuíciuiR na uapn AjicKcan.ipii III h 1866 r. oi.i in iipckpaiuciio n i.iaHiie «Cimpt.wHHUka», uch-ipOM nepenoHoli iiyfijinuncTHKH cthji AypHa.i *0mt> 'ucrndľHnuľ uinucKU». B AanpoiioH CHcrcMC 70 - 80-i.ix roaoB HafuiK)-laioicM .nie rciiaciiiiiiii: I) pa ibhtiic Aanpa paccka la n tmepka lipu nciio.ii. lonaiiiiii oiu.na aeMOKpaTime-ckoli upoibi; pacnpiK'TpaiiRCTCR TaKAe oeoGuň nna cKaiKii. t. e. paccKa i c (J)ainacTHMecKo-ajiJieropHiie- CklIMII VICMCHiaMH, 2) BO' 111 H K HOBC II HC Go.lblUOlO peajincTHiiecKoro poMana, ocHoiiaiiHoro Ha xapaKTe-po/iorHH n ooraTOM aeilcTBmi; nponcxoaiir im ,iiii|x))c|X-HUHamiR nnyrpii poMana - BbiaejiRKiTc«, iianp ncHxoaorHiecKHli, oJ)Hjiocoo)kkiiI1, caTHpHMC-ckiill íl ap Tiini.i poMana Bučme mccto b jiiiTepaTypnoM npouecee Toro HpcMciiii laniiMacT jiiiTepaTypnaH lUKO.ia napo iiim-kiih B oiviiiMiie or «HaTypa.ibHoll uikojin». KOTopa« HloTípaAaei aihhi. ropoaa Ii aepeBHH, ňeJuieiTHiciii-Ka liapo.IHHKOH lilHHMaCTCH aHaail IOM othouichiih n acpciine uoc.'ic otmchn KpeiiociHoro npaiia. Aepeii-HR b h x oniicaHiiH BNrjiRaiiT KaK Hepa laeJiiiMoe ue-Jioe, uempoM Koroporo hbjihcth ofiujHHa. Cpeaii iiiicaicjicii iiapoainmecKoli jiirrepaTypbi, Hbe TBopne-ctbo ceroana yAe yipaTH.io aKTyaJii.HocTi.. BbiaejiR-ctcr r'jic« Hbriiohhh Vciicikkhh (1843-1902). On HB.1HCTCR ailTOpOM OHepKOBNX Ulf K. Ii HI. B KOTOpNX C.IHBaKVTCR LICMCHTN liyG.lHUHCTIlKH H xyiOACCTBCH- iioíl .'iHTcpaTypN. Ero HHTcpccyeT oTpaAcmic iiohnx .iKoiioMiiMecKiix n comiajibiibix yc.ioBiin H pyccKoB *h um iHxrjie peiJxipMN. B uiiK.ie «Hpaubi Pacmepae-«/Mi y.'iMi/hi» (1866) oh noKaiNuaeT ryfiHTCJihHix; iciiixiinc »nix HoiiNx vemnuli Ha 6i>it mc.ikiix pcMec- .'ICHIIIIkoll I loBNC (rfilUCCTBCHUNC II I 111 IIIICIIIIX CIKX'lKXTlUimi.lH lakAC paxipCHHK) «aiXipHHCKHX nie vi» 'im iip'HH'ii >i milí klin n nx"i|i.i ni.i n unk. ic oMcpKoB 'Paxipťiiue- (1868-1871). CrpeM.ieiiiie Holl» II. IIIMCHCHHR. KolopNC lipoH'HMUJ1H II PoCCIlll IUI c.ie pei(xipMij, iipiiHc.io xyaoAHHKa 11 crpaiiN ian.ia nun ľaipoiiN On iiiiaiii iiojioAiiiejibHNe, ho h oipiniaic.il.Hi.ic ciopoHM viiiaaiioi o k.lllll la.lll iMa Bo HiopoA nojioHHiic 70-Nx roaoii iiiicaie.ib, pa-ioHa|X)iiainii.ill iio.ioAciiiicM iiupoaa n noc.icpe(|xip- MCHHoll UapCMlA HMIICpilH. cTl.'lll A.IC IC H C HapQOHH- k.iMii Ha OCHOHC iiaó.'iKVieiiiili i.i acpcnciiCkiiM 111,1111X1 III) lllllk.lKH Illlk.ll.l «// 1 (»'/ICIH'Ml klhl) Ôllfll Htm» (1887-1880) n ff minu utmjw (1882). 'Icmjir VICCI. HNcryiiaCT KaK chmiio.i ciipancajniiiocin n i ap Moulin. 11 ]>•>-■> i m-1. i Tenaculum k iiaca.ni laiiiin na rpnapxajibHoro oTipa ia aepeneiicKofl aiiiiiii. K ..immm la.iain.nun.im ii|x)iaiikaM 70 - 80-i.ix roaon iipniiaa.'icAiii Bcciio loa Muxall iiiiiiim l'ap- iiiHii (1855-1888). ľ.i o iipc ini.|iialliiaH HyBCTBHTCib- HiKTii MM c ero ayiuemiNM lafxijieBaiiiicM. bojie iHcuiibie aciipecciin aoiiejiii iiiicaiei« ao caMo- yCiiAcTBa. jlHTepaTypiiNM aefinrroM ľapiiimia xujirctch pac-CKai «'U'Tbipe .ihr» (1877). B iicm oipaAaercR cro .iiimibiA onNT (ľapiiinii Guji yiacTiiiiKOM pyecKo- KpblMCKoli BoiillN B 1877 ľ.) IJiaRHblll IcpoH lipon IIIC aeiiiiH - MoaoaoW coaaaT, KoiopuH Haa TpynoM yfm-Toro rypeuKoro eoJiaaTa npnxoanT k Bi.uioay, mto HCRKaM luiliiia iianpaiviena iipoTHH MeaoHCka n iiiiihi-naii.i hc ic, k to wwxT. a re. KTO nx ryaa nix-bijiaei. C mxaiiioil cpeaoil eil» lani.i n apyriie iipoii.i iiaiip. « Tpyc» (1879), «fleimtuK u ixpuiiep» (1880). B hhx aii-Top aiiajinuipyei i.ianni.ie ciaaiiu oniouieiiHR Hcao- IR'k.l k IIOHHC H H.IIIHIIIIH Holllll.l Ha IIĽIIXIIK)' JlloaCll. B iOmwmH lanncKax.. nyGjiiiKyer lapiinin paccKa in -llpoucuu'immw» (1878), «Hunpe>ui» (1879) n »XydtKKHUku» (1879) B mix inoGpaAaercH yiiHAcniie n CTpaaaHRe MejioBCKa, CTpacTHNH npo-tcct npoTHH MaTcpna.ii.Horo HeaociaiKa, ii|xxTHTy-1111 ii. a.iKoro.iii iMa. hccmoiuhoII f)K)poKpaTiui. ľcpoR- MH paCCKa lOU RHJIRKITCR .IKVIII. KOTOpNC HC CniXlx'lliN CMIipiIThCR C lipOMH.ICHIl'I Mil SM H iXllHC-CTBe. OHH nepCAHIMIKIT HpaHCTHCHIINil kpillHC H HN- xoa MacTO naxo . 11 h caMoyGnllcTBc. B 80-Nc roaN IapuuiH ixlpamacrcH K aji.ieropn-wetKOMy AaHpy. ">ra reHacHUHR naiujia oTpaAeniie n 36 37 paecxaiax •Allaleu pntueps' (1879) M -Kpacimü Wu-m.H ( IKK\) II lipo *• -Altalea princeps- i|mpMi)ii a.T.TCI opitll HUpaACHa HC M IIa II MCMTU MC.TOBCKa ii ckih'hi.u- ii iiiK.ic.iiiiic man xh'wh yxyfliuacTc» coctomiimc laopoHhM iim.aie.iii. 011 iicpeAimaei Ii iHopicckiili xpii nie. ii npoiax, naillieauHblx B To lipCMH, UMCIHll ii.IHHIIIIC Jl II TcWICTIMI); 06 3TOM CBNIHTCibCTiiycT noBCCTi. *Ha<)ej«)a Huktvuieiiiiu» (ikk.S), ckaik.i ( tu untue (i sopdti.si A.v<'<" (ikk7) ii paccxai 'Cushoji* (1877). B «Cmmne» aiimp npiiiiiiMaci (|in.ioeo<|iiiio Toacioro «iienpoi hh-tchuh i.iy iiaciuiiicM- ii nociiciiaci camooT BcpAeitHocTb. II iiiopnecinc lapiiiiiiia laiiiiMaer iiaAiioc mccto iipancinciiHMll Miip icaoHCua. Oh lacTaii.mcT cboiix i epocii mc lOHD iiMoMpaTh Me*ay aofipoM h i/iom, im ii mc i~n.ni. ki> i.iy de tpa i.iii'iiii.im. lim ncxyccmo rayfkiKo ryiaaiiiio Jlocroltnoe mccto ii pyccKOH .iHTcparype Btopofl iio-.'Hililini.i l'hii ii ix'ka laillixiaci i nopncciiui lliiwi lau ( cMciiniiiiH» . Icckiiiui (18.11-189?). Haeiliio-TBop'ie- CKOC [XI UlliIHC IIHCitreJIH flbl.HI OHMKlIhlM. HalllliaKl- iiniii niicaic.ii. 1HK..1C ii liiaiuiH piiMaiia •IIa mrxax» (ik7i). 11 koiopoM xpiriiiKyoi acMokpani'icckyM) Moao- ICAh, p.l UIIIIIVICH IUI UUVIMaaX C |XI II ii Kl iii ii UlNf 11. 11(1 Ol Hcm imuKiniiaiicb ii anfiepaahHi.ie Kpyin. nro lacrann-.10 cm iiolhii cBoiiM caM(X.TnHixvii>Hhill nyiCM. b noiiccni ~Jlct)it Mekiient in Miieutko.o ye u)a» (1865). iipmiaa.icAaiiicB k .'iviiiimm npiui ineaeiniHM airmpa. noxa iana iparMMCcxaH iicTOpm (iyina ach-ckoil ayiiin iiponm (icciyiicTHcniioli Kyncicckoil cpe-,1I>|. Ucpiiiiiiiiili iiiopnccuia iiiicaic.iH hii.ihctch no-im ii. Ii,im,i (1881» ii iicii .'Icikoii ofipauiaeroi (1826-1889) Ti«ipiiceino ('a.ni.ikoiia-lUcapiiiia iipcacraiLTMci nep-iiiniiy pycckoii c.iMipi.i. (Mi painnuaer ipaamuiii nc lo.ihko I in ii. in. Kpi.i.ioiia. im oniipaercH rakAe na oiii.it Hcpyeckiix niicaie.icH. iianp. Pafi.ic. ii.ui ncxieu-kiix poMairnikoH. lim ii|Kiii.i iioii.iiiii.iii ii pa uioii i|xipMC na iiKipHccriKi Miioi MX Miicicponc. miia 20-ro RCKii (by.nakon. MaüKonckiiii. nocrMoaepiiHcrbi). /IcicKiic roai.i iiiicaTc.m npoiuaii 11 oficraHOHKC KpciiocTiiiiHCCKo noMciuii'ihcn ycaabfn.i ii Cnae- k iJiopMC cxa» - yivioHiioro Hapoanoro DOMCTBOaa muh oi iicpiioKi-inua l'epofi noiiecTii 6e iijmhmhi.ih Macrep, Korophill bk/iaawaaeT b cboh h lacmtn ay-ujy. IIvu im' WJ Mepry b neaoiieKe bi,icoko uchiit 'IecKOB. CyabGa /lernuM ne^a.ibHa. Oh nofihiuacT ii Ahmhh, rae othochtch 0 yBa*eHHeM k iicMy ii k cm MacTepcriiy. Ho oh CKyiaer no poaiiiic h Ha-koiicii ii conpoiioAaeHHH aHraHHaiiHiia 110 nipamaeTCH ailMoft. b POCCHM OMCHb nOMTHTC/lbHO npillieTCTByKn ■Mm, yroutaioT ero b noco/ibCTBc, ho JIcb-uiy, n(K-KO^bKy y Hero HeT nacnopTa, caAaKii ii THipi.My. TaM ero o6oKpaayr h 5oyibHoro nepciioist in oaHiill (xvibHHUbi b apyryio; ho Hiirae ero hc npii-iiiiMaioT ii oh occiioMoujHbiil yMiipaeT. b OT^HMHe 0T t. ycnCHCKOrO, KOTOpblÜ II IdlipaAa- ct m in'iml.' comiajibHbix yc^oBHii Ha 'le/ioneKa, xy-ao*ec-nieiiHblli mctoa JIccKOiia ocHoiian na ocooom oiMoiiicHiiH k Miipy H k MeJioBexy. lim ninepecyeT 'IC.lOHCk IipcAaC BCerO C TOMKH -ipCHIIH IipO(t)C(.(.llll, icpoii lipon iiieaeHiiii - Ta.Tanmiinbie JiK)flii, Macicpa ciioero aejia m ohh, k co*aJieHiiK), CTpaaaKiT m to-ro, mto b Pocchh hx TaJiaHT He ueHsiT, hx tojii.ko 061UUUOT ii yHHJC&KOT. 3tot noaxoa Huae/ineT Jle-t'Koiia cpcaii iipoiaiiKOB 70 - 8()-bix roaoii Ciioeoßpa-nie nncaicjTH npoHB/meTCH TaK ac b (JxipMe cm iipo-ibi. Oh coeaHHHeT b hhx 3JieMeHTbi ((ic^bcinna. o'icpka h r poTecKa, ho ueTpovi Bceraa hkjihctch CKa-«iiian llllllllllllffB lloaoÖHo ToHwapoBy n MacrcpaM (|)pamiy icKoii npoihi, Hanp. Ba^biaKy 11 CD^ofiepy, ero oöpa iHoe nOBOCTBOBaHHC BbiibmaeT b MHTaTeae Bno/nie KOHKpeTHhie npeacTaB^eHim o MeJioiicKe, npnpoae. iiacrpoeHHH. yro.Te TiiepcKoii ryÖepHHH. Iloc/ie floxiaujuero 06-paioiiaiiiiH 011 nocTynn.n b Mockobckiiü aiiopuH-ckiiii iiHcTiiryr. Mepei aßa roaa ero, KaK jiyMuiem cryaeiiTa, iiepeBe.Tii b npecTH>KHbiii LlaptKocc^b-ckiiii .nnicii, rae b cboc Bpeina ymijicn llyniKim. Mocjie oKoimamiH jiiiuch. b 1844 r., CaJiTbiKOB no-ayiina 11a inaMeimc B KaHue/mpiiK) BOCHHOro miihh-CTepcrna. Cjiy*fia ero He )anHTepecoiuwa, TU KaK eiue b Jiimee oh wayMaji CTaTb niieare/ieM. II llcicpi'vpic iiyayiHiii! nncarc.ii. noccma.i ncpe- uiBoli kpyAok IlcrpauieBCKoro h noa ero b.tiihiiii cm Haiiiica.i nepiibie npoii iBcaeiiim. B 1848 r. Ca.'i-tukob fibi.i apcrroBaii 11 coejiaH b BdTKy, rae iu i\M naa lopoM iiojiiimin. Taxi oh npofnj;i ceMb aeT. Ilocvie BompaiuciiiiH 11 HeTcp6ypr 011 11.1 ochobc MaTcpnaaa. iiaKoii.'iciiiioi o 11 ccm.tkc, naniua.T noa w Miikuii.i Ii« p;i(|)iuii(i| Ca.iiMkoH-IUcnpHH y*e 11 iiepin.ix npo iax niicaTC^i« npoHHaHerta icnaciiuiiH k i|iaina(.Tiiko-i poieckiioMy inoöpaAC niiKi aellcTniireabHOCTii. B «liunxmawioM dcic» Ht-CMacTHbill Mimy;iHH nmer «Tenjioe mccto» b neTcp-öyprckiix kaniicmpiiHX. O11 iinain (|iairiacin nnpaMHaa ero pai-rpoMHT 11 011 norepucT 'leJioBeiecKiiii ooiaiiK (Kipai inipaMiiaM LiaHOHiiTCH fiojiee KOUKpcinuM b «Ty-depiu-Kux o'iepktix». Ha Bbicum CTyneHhxax iinpa-MiiaM iiaxoaurcH DnpoqmH, khh ii.h JKiiiior.ioTbi. 'Icfibi.ikiniij n apyrne napaiiiTbi. Hapiiay c iiiimii aBHxyTcx iiptiHiiiiiiiia.ii.iii ii «jimiiHiie jiKian». lepon na iibiciiiiix ypoiiHHX mip.iMii 11.1 11 oinicaniiii aBTopa iioxoAH na ijii.ix iiiepeli. 3nnioaw, B KOTOpblX HIO-opaAacToi iix aeHTc/n>H(x.'Tb B ryfiepHHH, HanoMHiia-H'T tagen 111 ((m.ibMOB yAaca. Cobccm no-apyroiny. c RoabiiiHM jiiipHiMOM. nmnnw b KHiire JKHTCail iniiiinix ypoiuieii comiajibHoH nupaMiiaw. 3to He incpii. a nacToamiie jikwii. KOTopwe, HCCMOTpa na nccHaoHHMoM lUcipnn kiimy -ryPepucKue o>iep-KU». B I8N) 1. xyaoAHIIk CTMOWITC« COipyaHHKoxl 'CimpeMfiiiiuKii- h no.anocTbio oraacTOl /lHTepa-lypiioii aeme^biiiKTii. flocvie lakpuTim Aypna;ia 011 paöoiaci 11 "Omt'tctmtiiimuy hmuckiix*. Hc CMoipB na 10. «TO 11 80-we ixubl yxyauiacrc» lao-poBlA• iiiicaic.iH. 011 H 3TOT ncpiioa coiaaei ciioii lyiuiiie ii|xni iiicaciiiiH. yxicp 11 iioxopoHCH Ca^iTU-koii lUcapnn 11 neiepTiypre. lipon mc ic 11hh llpnimuKipctuc (1848) iUmymaimiH' i'c ui (1848) I"yiirpitcKUf o'icpku (I8.S6-S7) fluCbMO Hl npoiiumum ( I8(i8-69) lli>.Kiii(i<)ypij 11 noMiuii)ypimi (1863-73) Jliu'iiiiiik iipomiHiimuui (1873) lUmopux ddnoto eopoda (1869-73) luawriti Tuuikciimiiu (1869-72) roaiodä lojiotvictiu (1872-80) 3a pyffexoM (1880-81) HucbMii k nii'ineiibki' (1882) Owm-M (1884-83) llimifMiiukan iimipwiii (1887-89) öenHocTb h CTpaaaniiH. eyMe/iH coxpaHHTb WM» MCCkOC aOCTOHHCTBO. Ca/ITI.IKOB liaea.TH'llipyCT Iipo- cKim Hi.ix ((laKTini iipn-ofipeiaeT b khiiic Mcpru (|iaHracTHKii yAaca; peaai.-Hoe lAcci. HbicrynacT Kax fieccMbicJiciiHoe. B miKae «lloMiiadypiti 11 noMnadypuiu» npeofiaa-aacT anTacTH»iccKoc Haa peaa1.111.iM. B khiiic ii 10-OpaAena acWcTiiHTeabHiKTb notvieiK'ijiopMCHiion Poceiiii. Ha nepiibiii naaii iibiciynaKir mccthi.ic 6ki-poKpaTbi. hx Tyni.ie achij ii nodomu, npii'icM ohh niuib tyioTCSi HeorpainiMciiiiolt iijiacTbW. I'po-TccKHi.ic einyamiii nepcpacTaKiT b npoie B <|)ainac-MaropiiK). rae aeltcriiyHii iie peaai.Hbie aKian. a na-HoinnKa.iibiii.ie (tiiirypbi. I laiiom 11 k.i.M.Iimü ofipa 1 acHCiiiii 1 c.n.iioci 11 napii- conan nue b «Ifcmopuu oditih-o eopoda». liipoa laynoB laceb BMCTynaeT KaK ciimho.i iiapckoll Poe ciiii. 'naoBHTaa campa nanpaiuiena na npomaoe 11 nacKiBmee erpaHH. Oiirypw reTMaHOB, KOTopuc ynpaii.iHKiT ropoaoM. iimcwt caxii.ie iieneponTni.ic cbohctki 11 eyabfibi (Hanp. y BpyaacToro B ro^ioBe Muxall. 1 1-ui p;i(|)onii'i ('a:i 1 iiiM)ii-IHcApnn 38 39 iimccio mu n mi iiiapMaiik.i. .laMHpokaciica coApa.iii H k 1X111.11II k.lolIM). B OTAHMM« OT mt~y6epHlkVX OHep- kon-. n .//< mupuu ixmo.-o .-opoňti* airrop y*c m k>-6pa*acT npocToro ue.ioBcka 6ci luea.iHlauiui Xoth ciiMiiariiH xyaoxHHKa Ha cropoHe Hapuoa. oh hc ckpMHacT cro hciixuiihh B poMBHC • I'ihiuh)u Vwumjieau» Ciatumih ot- k míru li .1 111 C.lllipiJ II pauuiiiaci II HC M ip.l.lllllHH pycckoio pca.iHciHueckoio poMaiia. II io6paACHa All HU. TpCX MOkO.ICIIIIM CCMhH loAOHACHIJX. OIIIICaH iio.ihnA pacna.'i ccMbw^yAeHN mrropon nnraKiT Apyr k apyni rafiiiyHi'ifpaAAy. /(chcthhc. la hckakihc-iiiicm nepiion Lianu, iiponcxoAin n I'occiui uoc.ie pc <|KipMi,i Xomiika ccMi.il Apulia llcrpoima n ciiocll ah urn iiakoiiii.ia 6oiaicnio Ona koiAa-m 61.1.1a cnokolliiaH. 110 ee cnokollciline napyuiiiAo ochimmia- ACHHC kpCCTI.HH. XlllH It CIJHOHbHX Olla IUI.Ill I COliep iiiciiiio uy'Aiix AKViefl. pciini;ia ufiUBIbCI OT ia6or H pa účinu. HMciiiic hm. JlyuiuyH) Mácu, aajia Hy-ayiiiKC. iioroMy uto, >ai ell xa ui.iocb. oh 6yACT xo-pouiiiM Xu . 111 n i. m h ahkihiuhm cmhom. Bc'Kopc yMii-p.iiui iT.iuoiii.M (iciiaii u llauc.i. Hmciihc llaiuia nepcxoAHT k Hy/iyiiiKC. oh BhiroHxeT Man. in AOMy n ciaiioiiincH iioAiioiiAacTiHJM xoihhiiom iimciiiih 00-MOBCTHa Ioaob.ichijx On iiccx rpa6nr 11 lice ry6in, ho ciioii nociyiiKii iipiikpuiiacr AiiitCMcpiiCM. Oh nik.i MM n Maicpiia.n.Hofl iiomoiiiii choiim ci.iiioiii.mm n u- inn iifiaKvr; Boaoah lacrpcAHACH, a llcm yMcp no Aopoic h cchiAKy. B Mimic poMaHa MyAyuika uo-II i i hto MO aiitiii. on yfmiiaA n MymiA chohx poA-II NX. h m oiiAaACAO uyHciTio crpaxa. HyAynma noic-pHA nee ucjioiieuccKoc h no:m>My iipo6yAAeinic concern yAC uc moaci cro cnacni. IIoui.ki h mctcjii. on HACT na MoniAy MaTcpH h no Aopore laMcpiaeT. ( '.li i i.iknn n urfipa íha R poMaHC pacnaa Aiiopxn-ckoII ccMWi KaK pciyAbTaT o6iiiecineiun.ix nponcc- COII, KOTOpiJC AC()x)pMlipyKIT HCC HCAOHCieCKHC uyii- CTiia. IpaAHiiiioiiiibilt o6pa i ccmi.ii kak ciiMHOAa akmuih h ah inn iiijciynaci 11 poMaHC 11 nponiBono-.TOAIIOM HiaUCIIIIII kak CH M boa CMcprii. I (ilk A ■■'lll/llA-WMI- CHHACTCAIiCTHyCT O TOM, UTO ipolCCkHO-CaiTipilHCCkOC IUI ICH UC ACHCTBHTCAbHOCTII hc orpaiiiimiHacToi TOAbko pycckoll pca.ibnocii.Ki. HcnpiiHTHoc iineMaTACHiic 11a Hero npoii ibca BepAim. B i|)opMC aAAcropmi • ((laiiTacTHHCcKoio pa ironopa MCAAy ncMcukiiM «Ma.ii.mikOM Ii inraiiax» H «pyc-ckiiM Ma.ii.'iiiMiM 6ci linanoH» - bcačtcx AiiaAor PiKCHii n IcpMamiii 06 iix ncpcnckTiiBax. B kiiiirc npoHB-iHCTCx rak Ac pa KmapoHamic xyAOAiiiika ho (ppamiiiiiH mxvie pa irpoMa KoMMyHU. boAbUJHM XyAOAeCTHCHHMM MaCTepCTHOM OTAH- MaKiTcx ckaikH CaATUkOBa-lUeApiiHa. (Io Aaupo-hum upil HiakaM OHH 6AHAe K 6acHe, HeM k t pa ah- llHOHIIOH CH3S0. Bo MHOrHX Hl HIIX ACilCTHyHUUHMH .iimaMH HNCTynaKiT. xak y KphiAOHa 11 3 tona, ah-iioriiue. B 6acHHX. kak npaBHAii, iBcpn AcňcTHyioT xak akiah; ho b cnaiKax CaATbikoiia aaofiopoii AWAii BCAyT ce6x kak inepH. Ha ypomie aiibotho-ro, HecMOTpx Ha ero noAOAineAbiibie ciioilcTBa, BWCTynacT MyAiik b ckaike «floucimh o mo.u, kqk oduH MyXUK ůay.x seHepajUM npOKOpMUJt». B .itom CMbiCAe nokaiaTeAbHa h ckaixa «JJukuu noMe-NNW». (iikiiii noMeufiik B nekomopoM napcmue, o HtKOmopoM eocydtf-imae xcuji-fibui no.veufUk, JMK/I « Ha coem <-Jini)nnu puňiHuuícx. Bce.-o y tieco Obuio dooojibHo: 11 kpec-mi.Hii, u xjiefia, u ckoma, u 3&MAM, u cadaa. H fíbui mam nOMeUfWC tjiynbiů, numaji n doaojien, BceM itaspax-den! Odilo MMM8 cepduy MoeMy iienepenociio: o'ieiib VA Miiih-o paiaejKKb o iiaiueM uapanue Myxwcal ycjibiuiiui MUMocmuubiů 6oč cJieinyH) MOJiumay... u ne emajio MyXUKQ 11a oce'M npocmpimcmue o.nade-mm iJiynmo noMeuiuka. Kyda deuajicx MyxuK - hu-kino MOM ne uiMemuJi. a mojibKO eudejw jih>i)ii, kak iidpys nodiiiuicx auxpb u, cjiosho myuu 'lěpiian. lipo-necjiucb u aojdyxe iwckoHHbie Myxuitktie nopmku. Bmue.i iio.wutuk na (iajikOH, nomnHyji hocom u ny-em: •lucmuťi-npe'iucmhiú 00 acex eeo anadenunx ihm-dyx cdtMVKM. HamypajibHo, oemajw» doeanen. Jly-Mticm: menepb-mo n nonevey caoi mejio (iejwt, mejio fíe.'ioe, pbix/ioe, paccbtniamoe! M hu'iiui on mom c)a tUKKueamb u eman dyMomi, 'te.M fiiti CMy COOK) dymy ymeiuumb. *3aoedy, dy.\taem, meamp y ceßx! iiaiuimy k ax-mépy CaôoackOMy: npuewaú, moji, jíHtGemiuíi dpya u ukmepoK c ťofioit npuuo:iu!» ľlocjiyuiajwx eeo akmep Cadoecicuü; com up* exaji u tiknwpoK npuaei. TojibKO nudum, 'tmo n doM y noMeuuika nycmo. u cmaaumb meamp, u xmiiue' iiodmiMtímb iiekOMy. . Kyikt »f mu kpecmbuii cuoux deoaji? ■ cnpuuiu-MM CodoiHkuú y noMeMUkii. . A ď"" ÄUft ho Mojiumue Moeú, OM mou a.iaňe-muk om Mýtom o'iucmitn! (MHUko. fípam, ^Jtynuú MM niiMeuiiik! kmo Ae meCr. enynoMy, yMbiuamt** noňučm? ■ ßa n >'*• u mo ckwibko diieú neMumuů xoiKy! ■ Cnuuio (íunib, MMUWMHMMM mi aui/c potmumt. coCipaju»'' - i'kii itui CadiHickuú u c :>muM cjuhuím u com yextui. u ukmepoK yae:i. Mmkfo mu, MOJio jui upe.Mľiiu npoiu.10. mojibko ,1111)11111 noMľuitik, 'imo o cady y neeo ňopoAku pernú-MMHN nopoíjm, o Kycmax :>Meu da eath* tCMMt ktiutMM kuuium, a u napne :uiepu ôiikue aimim. H uom 011 odiťuui. Xonib o .1/11« apeMX iiacmynujia ftH oceiib u Mopoiifu ťinoHjni nopxňo'iiibie, 110 011 ne 'lymmtiotui.i i)tľ*e xojioňa. Beib on, <■ ,-ojioaiu 1)0 110,: oCipoc iiojuhumu, cjiooHo ňpetmuú Ihau, a nos-mu y Hfeo rňejuuiucb kuk xejie mbie. CMOPKombCM VA oh daimo nepecman, xoôuji m ace (íojiuuiť na •lemwpeiibKax u ihijke yňuajiHJicx, kuk oh npexňe ne iiiMetiui, •imo mami enocoß npoeyjucu ecmb comhíi npujiwinuii u comuú ydoOnuú. Ympamuji i)aAe cno-eoCmoemi, npou inocumb 'uieiiopaidejibiibie uiykii u yeuouji cede kakoú-mo ocoCienniMi noCediibiú kjiuk. cpednee Mexdy cautmoM, uiuneiibeM u pmkauMM. Ho xuocma cuie ne npuodpen. H edejtanest 011 cujien yiKacno, do mow ewien, •imo <)a*e ľ'ié'ji cefin anpaae noúmu a <)py*eckue inouiemix c meM caMbiM MedaedeM, komopuú ne-MtM niKMampumui na He a okowko. (I>CflOp MlIXaříJIOBHM /JoCTOeBCKIlii (1821-1881) 1>. M. flocTOCHCkllfl l.lHli M ac 1 HCkAKľlH ľCAblKX; MccTo He To.ibko 11 koinekcTe pyvckoii AHTcpary-pu. ho HiiAxeTCM niicaieAeM MHpoiioro íHauciiiix Ero TBOpucCKHH MeTOA H (})HAlKlxjKKOe MWUIAC- HHe okaiaAii 11 00 ciix nop 0KUMM0T orpoMiiiK-Ha ciiponeltckyH) AHTCpaTypy 20-oro ncka. /("CTOCHCkllIt pOAHACH B MlKklie B CCMbC 6cAHoro MeyKÔy meM kanuman-uenpaanuk xomu u nokpo-aumr.1umiMHia.11 no.MťmumiM, ho aaudy makwo iJHikma, kak uae inimenue c Jiuua wmjiu .vyxuka, CMWľiamb ne MOCMM, Ofiecnokoujiuih luľui.ii.nuku u cofipajiu COMM. ľeiuu.itt: M\AUka u iiiMiumí, u aodaopumb, a ,-jiyno-my noMeuiuky, komopuú aieú CMyme ui|xiM okpyAa.ia Mo.io.loni /'(ocmcnckoi o 60.11,111c HanoMiinaAa cpciy pa iiiohhhiich, a 11c apncnikpani-McckyKi. Otcu niicarcAH 61.1.1 nciiximcckii ucypaimo- BCIIICHHMM MC.lOHCkOM H B OČ lyAbTaTe CBOCľO ACCTO-kom OTHOUJCHHH k kpCIlOCTHblM HMII 6bl.1 y6nT 10 41 B 1X34 r. Aik-tociu/mih nociymui B HH*eHcpHoc \HH.IH1IIC li MciCpfiypiC. MllopoC laMIHHH.l II 1X34 I . II H.IHa.l paťNHJIb II HHACHCpHOM .ICllaplaMCII TC. H(l y*C HCpCl IlU OH IIIJI11C. 1 II OTCTIiHKy, Klk ■tak HiuacHcpHan c.i>*6a Mcuiaaa cro ainepaTyp Hoň .1CHIC.II.HIX.TM. ytX> OTpaMMOCb Ha cro MflTC-pila.ll.HOM IIO.IOACHIIII. fllKTDCBCKHH MOHIII .111 Ca- ■ .Moň CMCpm ftopoacii c CcaHQCTbK). riepiii.ill poinaii iiHcarciH - 'bedHbu juohw • fihi.i oiiyfiaiikoMH ii ctVípniikc "iiaiypa.ii.Hofl iiiko.ii.i» Bi.icokyio nllcllk) ll|Xllt IIIC/ICHIIHI .1.1.1 lic.lllllCklIH. K|llllllk uk.l l.l I olipc.lC.ICHHOC II.IIIHHIIC Ha <|mi|>m ll|l< )H,I MIK' tHSflDp Mmiiň.ioliHH ilucruťiKhiill bii.ih ion iia nucaTc.iH, ho iviyooKo Be-pyKiiiuill xyaoAiiHk ne cor/iamaacH c areu imom Be- .llllkkolo ('lIMIl.llllll K liaeHM yiOHIlHCCkOlO C01UI- a.iiiiMa ii mu.muk li. k kpcnocnioMy lipany lipilIlClII IIIICaiLVIH II Kpy*OK IICipalllCHKCIJ. lIllC.TC pUTpOMI K|I\AU b 1849 r. OH fibi.i apccTQBaH. Hociiiii.ih cya npiiionopn.1 cro bmcctc c iicmi TlIopHCITIKl ,'1CMy ncpiioay oi 'huchtcm roabi c 1863 r. a<» komia aii um au ropa. B pamiiix upo lax /JocToeBCKoro CKa ii.inaeTCH II.IIIHHIIC loIO.IH II •H.liyp.l.ll.Hoil I1IMI.1I.I... ho y*c npoHii.iHKiToi .mcmchtn ncHxoaorHiMa. Koropuc ropiJMH apyiHMH ncipauicimaMii k CMt-pTHoA nai-Hii TbabKO na .iiuatfxvre iim COO0IUBJ1H, hto jto Ha-Ka lamie iaMCHneTt» OCÚnisofl Ha KaTopry b Omck. IlepcAinuiHHM iipiiroiiopiímioro K CMCpTHOÍl KaiHH iiaiuaH uTpaxeiinc b poManax fliKroeiicKoi o. B~LTbllllLe. IX ilHiaioih itpadhin MCThipe rem, \ xy.miacioi ci o (íoacmi. ;>iin.iencHH B 1X5') i mi noayHacr paipeuiemte nepHy-n.cn h IlerepTiypr, h no/iHocTbio nociiHujaer eefin JiHTeparypHOin niopMccmy. BMecTe c ňparoM MHxaiuioM inaačT *.ypna.ii.i «fl/«'.vi»» h «3iwxy» 11 b HHX iiyfuiiiKyeT cboh řípou iiicneiiiiH. HacTO paflH AeHer oh Topoiuu-ho iihuict, aoani iiwroHHioT ero ia rpaiiiiuy. Flocvie MCThipcx rpyjiiibix act ta rpaHHuei. BepHyacsi h tle-icpfíypr, iae npoBěa nocaeaHHX aecHTb aeT aii iim. Ilpoil hic riiiih liediiue jm>du (1846) ^iothmim-(1846) rocnoduH ÍIpoxapHUH (1846) Xotxům Eejihte immt (1848) Hemovca Heiuanotm (1849) ManenbKUŮ eepoů (1X57) JluňmuiKun COH (1859) Ceno CmenamwcoBo (1859) 3ojiucku U3 Mtpmeoeo boj*a (1860-62) y HU'jk'1'IIHItlC 11 OCKOpfÚlŽHHbte (1861 ) lltiimcKU in nodmvthH (1864) 1866) Tlpecmynnetme u wuuaonute (1866) tfr)«íim(l868) Bcihuií My* (W10) Eechi( 1871-72) ílodpoimoK (1X75) K/minKíin (1876) BpaMh* KapaMcaoebt (1879-80) yr.iyfij-iHKrrcH b flajibHefiuicM ero TBopMecrit B jiyHUjeM npoiriHcaeHHii ucpHoro nepnoaa - «Hed-Hbix jitodsix» - aBTop oGpamaercH k (|>opMe posiam ii niicbMax. 3tot npniíM noaxoniiT jijih hciio.ii> )0i» hiih nciixo.ior HMccKoro aHa^inia. OcHOBHaa hicu ^ MjiHa - jto yTBcpiKACHHe, hto caMbiii •iaĎHTbiii iea» BesecTb io*e iJéJloBfeK h «Ha3bÍBaeTC« 6par moH». ,'Iociociickiíh Bhicka ibmaeT b KHure oRnniieH« ii aapec o6inccTBCHHoro CTpon, b kotopom yHii*aer CH MClOHCMCCkOC .1IH. IIIIIIIC IUU. Alllop CMHTaCT. HTO ^C.IOBCk in Ck.TOHCH Ml a 11 pi I •! I [ II1111 ..ipilll.i IC.IbHWX HB.TCHHH *H IHH H1UIHCTCH HCIipaiill.Tklloť yerpciAcTBo oómecTBa. f 11.1*111 I <■ IIHI.IM II|XIH 1IIC.ICHHCM BTO|>oro íicpiio.ia HH.IHKIKH -iiímUCKU II I Mf/imilll/ll /)íl.Míl» B IIHV .111 rop iiMikiJH.ici cboh iiuciui.iciiiiH oř kaicipiii Oh cyMc.i packpMTi. HyiiciBo He/ioBeMeeMiro ,ioc-roHH-cnu HcaMbix crpauiiibix npccTyiiHHkax. Hio.iiiiinc poii npcA.ic iiccro HCCHacnibie ikmh c rpai HHcckoli c> ii.óoll. koiopi.ic coiiepiiiiuiH npcťTyn:iťHitH noa II.IHHIIHCM HIICIIIHIIX (HXTOHTe/lIťTB. /JoCTOCHCkllIl HC XOMCT HX CyaHTb. BCH klllll a iipoHiiKHyra COHyil-CTHHCM K CTpaaalIHH) HC^OBCKa. láyfiokHB ryMaiiii- > IHMCCkllii llai|MlC. kOlopi.lM OT.IHHaKVRH HC 1(1.11.ko «'íanHCKH». a bcc iBopHeeTiio ^cKToeiicMiro. 6w/i lipilHHI H HI.ICOM1 OIICIICII H HTa TC JI H MII HO BťCM MHpC. JliKTociickiiii npiiiiciciiioiia.i oiMciiy kpenocTHo- 10 lipana. Ilo chohm HirjiHaaM oh ctoht ó.uiiko k caaBHHoi|in.naM. xoth npiriiuiéT h aocroHiícnia ta-naaHo-ciiponcIlckolí kyjii.rypbi. Kro HaeaaoM hb.ih-ctch cinaaimc iionolt Ky/ii.rypi.i na ochohc CHiircia npaiioc.iaiiiiH 11 pyccKoli iiapoaiiocni. B nocieaniiH niopnecKiill ncpiioa BomiikaKn ca Mi.ic HiiiecTHi.ie poMam.i ^ocToertcMiro, Mmipwc iipiiHccvm c\iy MiiponyKi cviaiiy. Ilpoaorokt » porna 11,1 M HHJIHCICH K MIM .1 <•'.ilIlllUKU III IloňnWthM* ■ B HCli aBTopy yaaaoci. pacKpi.in. tipoTimopcmiM Mcaoncka cro iipcMcim. ho TaKAC caa6i.ie ctodohm pycckoll icMiiKpaiiiHcckoii oiimo iiiumi, npcAac iiccro ee oto-piiaiiHocn. or napoaa. B «3anuacax ui nodnojihH* xyaojKHHk craBHT pna Bonpocon :>k iHCTCHmiaai.Horo napak i cpa, mí i opi.ic HC iiorcpn. m ak i ya.TI.HOC 11, ao libme Hmchho m iuiahuc iionpoci.i yrayfiaHHiTCH 11 DOMMUC, ii KOTopi,ix, b OTaiiHiic ot iioBccTell ii pac-ckaion iicpuoro nepnoaa. ycaoAHHercH WM hiiihh II CK)*CT. /IcIIctbhc |"1 m.im,i «llpecmyivtenue u NOUMMM» pa iiicpn.iiiacKH ii llcicpfiyprc, CTamiicro mcctom rayfioKHx connaai.Hi.ix iipoTiiBopemill. Ucmpa.ib-HbiM rcpocM HiiancTCH CTyaeHT PacMiai.HHkoii Oh omciii. (íeaen ii No.vrokiy ne moact npoao.TAan. iíihh ihh ii viiHHcpcnrcTe. liro cetTpa iotoiiiiich iinIíth 1*1 MS A ÓC I .IIOÓIIH. HIOÓI.I cnaCTII CCMI.KI Ol IO.TIV1 iioli cMcpru. BcaHiKTbKi cTpaaaeT_ iukac umhm MapMc.iaaoni.ix. c Koropoli Packo.n.iiiikoii no mako mílích. Ilx iomi. Cohh. cíne nOMTII pcoeiiok. ao.lAII.I paan acner uiHiikiaibcn upíKTiiTyiiHe^. 3tm Bne- 'lallTCIIIIIH HO.THVKM MO.IO.TOIO PaCMI.TbHHMIBa II MIHIICHipiip>HIIH II SA.ICHOM CHC; H MIM rcpolt Bílili I . k .1 k III HIIIJH M> Allk IUl klepli. II il'lll.1 l .ICHNMi .111 Ml.. II. P.li k.. Il.llllkull MCI I.ICI II.IIIIII ll\ I I. k Cl.ll I l.l* > HcaoiicHccTHa On pciiiaei. hto iipcxac Hcero CMy liy*HO lipilo<"ipi.-CTH .THHHyK) CBoTlOay. PaCMl.lbHHMlB patle ihci .iMi.iell 110 mi) ijk-iiiiiim ka'iccni.iM 11.1 ;nie rpynmj - na McMiaiiiiinTH,' ilh'"r" koropuc npilina mi.i rocnoacTBoiian.. 11 11.1 noaaii.THHiiucc 60.11,1111111 CTHO. II.. IHIIII ili.|llll>, 1 Boac CH.ll.HI.IX Mopa.u. ucp iibix cocToiiT 11 hx aóco.iKiiiiolt cno6oac 11 paaii aoCTHACHHH CHOHX IIC.TClI Ollll HMCIOl lip.HIO Colicp HiaTi. aa*e iipeciyii.TciniH. lakom.i cyiHCCTByHrr Toai.ki. i.ih tropou k.nci 'piULJji^SL > Packo.ii.iiiikoiia noa ii.ihhiiiicm onu icopmi 11.1 OCHOHC 60.TC IHCHHOI O IIOCIipilH IIIH IUl lípa HC. I lllluill Alllllll |XIA.iaCICH MblC.TI. OÓ yTÍIlllciHC CKipoll po cioiiiiiiiiii.i lc|xiii coiicpiiiaci 11 peci s ii- iciilltf Hocmv lipillU.TIH.1. yíilll I. HC lo.ll.kO poi loIUIIHIIN. ,1 lak Ať IV cecipy cHHacic.Ti.HHiis ci o noci vilka lljiiimsii MNIM 1/ nuku umuč (iini/ihiniih I Hňpy.' nnc.-iuitui.ioct: 'tmo o KoMUiimc, .'<)<• (itjjia cmítpyxu, xodxm. On ocmaitomijicx, u npumux, kuk mčpmtiuťi. Iln oce fiujtn mino, cmtutn fítAinh nn.Mcpť-uiujinci,. Hňpy.' xttcnuwnnn not.luuitutcH jWckuú kpiiK 11.111 Kttk ó\t)nw kmnmo mitxo 11 omputiucmn npocmoniui u mmojiiiui. '.iamcM tmami, Mt-pímiux mtiiitititti. t MUiiymy 1t.n1 c dur On cuňcji 11ti ko/imo'!-ktix y t viii)ykti 11 jkňiui. cthtti ncpcnndx ňyx, nn tiňpyc ttcKO'iit.1. cxtiamiui mnnnp u tiijCicxajt u:i cnajit,nu. Cpeňu ktiMimmu cmosuia Jtuitmcmu. C 6ivn,uiii.st yvwM ti pynax. u CMompciti ti oiiciwiicnitu na yfíu-myio ccempy, ticx Otjian kuk nnjinmun 11 kak fíu ne o ciutax kpukitxníi,. yiiuntiti cco tiuftcAtmittco, nim itidpnAii.iti. kiik .iitcm. mi: ikntn tlpniKhH), u no ticeMy jiuity ee nttfie-xtuiu cydopmit; npunoňnhjui /nvv, puc-kpbuui (iiiijin pnm. nn titi-mtikii ne tickpiikttyjia 11 .wňjieitno, taňoM, cmtuia nmnňtiucumixH om tteco n y.-o.i, npttcmajibiio, u ynop. CMnmpx na ueen, ho oce ne kpiťtti. mtxtitn eít onidyxy itedocmatiajio, tccn nuťn-iu, nyeamtAM. npucimvibiio cMnmpxm na nycamiituii 11 \ nped.iiem 11 codupainmcs uikpwtami,. II do mnco.tma necitumtiaii Jluiattema fibuui npoema, utfiuma u nn-n\\-tnui pa 1 iiancďda. •min daxe pykit ne nnthiiLiti ■V? ■13 uiuumumi, eefie AU140, xomx 3mo fíbui i avbtú neoC>-xih)umo eimet mueiinuu ncrcm u jmy Miuiymy. nomu MX imo monon Cndji npx.no ninmiun nud ee jiuuom. (hin mo. im t< lymb-iymi^npunixhixjia euom emxlod-HVKi Jieuym pyny. danem ne ň<> num. " Meánenno n/ximxiiyia ee » ne My unepe'ň, kak Cm omcmpOMM eeo. y dap iiimiue.li» npxMo no tepeny, ocmpueM, u ipaiy npopyCnui wk> aepxmom mierni, jiCia, m»tmu do mťMťiiu. Ono mak u pyxnyjiaeb. Paekojibiiiikou iiHUťM Ctn.no nomepxjiex, cxoamuji eeyieji, ftpociui eso on mihi, u noCexan ti npuxoxym. I'mpax oxuunmmvi e.-o me Ciojtbiue 11 Ciojihtue, iKoCeniin niH.ie tmo.o umopoeo, cimieM iieoxudaii-ho,-o vomit m,ui /..wv \omejUH-u nwKopee sóexiiim, 01m nulu H euiu Cm u .>my Muitymy 011 u coimoxitutt Cij. t nptmu.ii.nee oudentb u paetyxdiimi,; eejiu Cm um. 11.K0 mo.- i ooCipu utmt, m e mpydnocmit euoeeo no-10*1 nux, m e omiuxitue. tu < de loCpu me u ticio nemiň, mt, i-.-n. non mm, lipu miuim. ikojibko ia-mpyditenuii. u Moxem Cmmi,, u -modelu mu, eufé ocmuemi x e.ns npendo.iemi, u eoiiepiimmi,, imoCm Hupminit* x omemňa u doCipami* x doMoú. mo ohi-hi, Moxem Cmimi,. >tmo 011 C>po m, ľ n m.Di > u >i Mywe-hiih coikvih, Muopijc m- noMiaaHrr era 1111 nu Mimyry. Oll HOHMj'l, TIO mc lipHll;l.ĽIC*HI K r(X.'nUaCTByK)WIIM jihv1mm ii iio.lTOMV iic iimc-1 lipilHO lipo.'lllltill i. Kpi>lil.. Cb<)K) lilllliy oh OTKpNBaCT COMC MiipMC. líi.IolxiH. Oó pa 1 Cihiii oaiii-cnx-pHci cofxiii xpiioniaitckoe CMiipcmie íl CííMixinn-pAciiiRv HecMi»rpn tul to. tto (nia npocni-IV i kíi. (ohh coxpaiiHci iipaiicTHCHHyK) micTory. Pac- ko.ll.llllkoll IXTiiCTCH ľOp/IMM ,'k) KOHIlil ii 1)11 ih.' CMHlilCI yóiiiiciHo ii|x-l i y ilioiiik-m Oh cuiacM n pyKii cyaa, no-rojiiy liio y nem ne OiJ.no apynHd iii.ixoaa On waa, Hlo ti UHM CtC.lHI IIO.IHIIIIH ii Ctil m(HyT KaAayH) MM- Hyry apccroBaTb. Toahko h ;>tiHaore noa iuuihhiicm ca- mixii HcnACIIIKlii .IMX'lllll ( '(Hill CMIipil.ICH C HiiKil'lUHIICM. Vxnui 01 lipanu, ucíi iimivic c hum iui Mrropi y n Ciiónpi.. Hdpye nodne neeo onymiviaeb Cons. Ona nodo-lujia edua ijiijuuio u cejia e hum pxdoM. bbuio eiue trnem, pilno, ympeimuii xiuiodok eufe ne rwmi Hu iteú Cbiji ee fiedimú, imapuú Cypnye u — IftJ iijiamok. Jluuo eč eufě hocujio npumuku ftucíJ noxydejw, noánednejio, ocynyjiocb. Onu nputiemjiu-ao u padoemno yjibiCmyjiacb eMy, ho, no odukiioutn-mím, poííko npoiiixiiyjia eMy cuoh> pyicy. Oho oce ť do npom xeuuujia eMy cuohi pytcy pttiK0 itno.-ňa duxe ne nodaaaiia COOCtM, kuk fíbi Coxjiack, •into on ominojikiie'm ee. On acesda KOK C>bi c OflMn uu'iiueM Gpaji ee pyky, aceeda monno c docoM tti-mpe'uvi ee, uitoéda ynopHo mojihuji ao acé upe.m ee noceuteiiuM. CjiyiaJioeb, mo Jiioßum ee. u imo nucmajia -xe, iiaKoneu, 3ma Munyma... Oh dyMon 06 neu. Oh ocnoMiuui, kok oh nocmoM ho ee Myian u mepiaji ee cepdue; wnoMHim ti Cmednoe, xydenbkoe jiuhuko, ho eeo nmmu u ne Mf 'lujiu menepb srnu uotnoMUHaHua: 011 man, kukoie ßeckoHe'iiioio JHoSoäUO uckynum oh menepb aee ti empadanu». Ma u imo makoe 3mu see, ece Myku npouumíd Bee, dune npecmyiuieiiue eeo, daxe npueuaop u ecbuika kaianucb eMy menepb, o nepeoM nopbiet. kUkiiM-mo tmeuiHUM, cmpaiinuM, kak óbi daxe u m < 1111.» uix'iuuuiuMcx ifiakmoM. Oh, anpoieM, ne mu ■ imom aeiep dojieo u noemoxHHO o HeM-nu6yäb ň? Mamb, eoepedomoiumbex Ha neM-mtfiyňb Mbicjibx; da oh Huieeo 6bi u He piapeuaai menepb co:mameto ho; oh mojibko lyacmaouaji. BMecmo ôuajiekimia iiacmynivia mi3Hb, u o cojhohuu doJixHO ôbvio e» paCmmambcx imo-mo coaeptueHHO dpyeoe. Hod nodyuikoú eeo jte-xano Eaaneejiue. Oh aju eeo MautUHojibHo. 3ma knuea npunadjiexana ei (ibuia ma comux, u3 komopoú ohu 'minima M) o Hock-pecenuu Jlaiapx. B .npeemyiuietmu u itakutanuu- Aoctociickiir MX.Hy.1CH llilAHNX oflUlCCTHCHIIMX ii <|lH.H)c(x)x.kih iijxk'i ii-m. Koiopuc HHcrynaKrr h patiiNx Hapiiaminx K B C/ICayHHUMX pi m.m.i\ B poMaHC -Hduom- liepa ipuHiio chh lana mu-pa.ibHan h nciixo.iorHMeciuH tcms c couiia.n.iiofl :l|».ó liM.ii HM'" (' ('mi.1I.HIHM Ky.lOACCIHCMHNM M.l crepcTBOM oiiiicaHo h poMaiic ncTcpfiyprcKoe ofmie-crno h iicpiio.i ciiiHOh.iciiim k.iiiHia.in imj h Pocchh. \11111p iii'K.i ii.iiiiici. K.iK > 11pc.1c1a11111c.1cii paillMX couiia.il.Hiix c.iocii pacici *.i* 1,1 ih'kii aiiicinm. iiciiiioň nciixiiKii. KpacoToii. y mom h iinyi pciuíclt hiic-loroii oi.iiľiaciCH Haciaci.H (iMinniiioiina. Ona. fiy .'. 'IM Cliporolt, ĺ l,i l.l hc ho CBOCMy *ľ uillim llofxiHHIincii IIOMCHHIKii TollKOK). íii CHOC yilllACIIIIC ona MC i u i cede, cmnaci ccóh naiicciaa Mopa;ii>iio iHinióiiicii. H MiiiiiiKHHC llacraci.H iiiiam 11011.10- iiiciiiic lipaHCTBCHHoit 'IHCIONil. Olli) CK) JHofwT. HO (CTpaaacT 01 ero coiyBCTHiiH. riosTOMy 011a Meieren Mc^ay 1111 m n Gorai um KyimoM ľoroAinii.iM, B oťí- pil ic mih ih MlJUlKllllil /loCTOCHCKllli c i pCMHJICH 111.1 JICB HlIKO^aCHIIM To-riCTofi pamri. (Xiiiici. iitciiiiud iiaca.i Ho icpoň Bucrynacr B poMaHC xaK iiccHacTHMfl. c.iafilJfi «ic;iobck. xoro pun .'ikvihm lipilHOCHT HCCHac i bC Oil HB.ihcich lipil- ■iiiiniii yTuiIlciiiii MaciiiLi.il n.iiiinioiiiiM KymioM l*o iiiAiinuM h Könne poMaiia Mmiiikhh moiih.i cboc ficccii.iiie h coiucji c yMa. KcpillllHOH llu'p'RVIBa /((K'KXľBCKIHO miľ1mcich pO-MaH •h/HIIHbX KlI/hHUI UHIU-. B IICHlpC CKIACľ.l .ICAIIT Hl lnpilH (Ulla II CUIIOHCH. .IciklIUIC |xi ii1iiiiíicich HO-Kp\l m'iiIIIIII.I Olllil. ColK-pillCIIIIC ll|X.VI VII. ICHIIH lll.l ll.lllil Cl pna mHipiX.011 MIIMCCMIIO. (|)H.HX.Ix|kMIIO II |X' III 11io IIIIUII x.ip,imc|xi klIBCCII.. ho IMC 1.1iic. II|X IIIICIIHC) B "jicicii.IC O Bc.HIKIlM lllIKIIII iiiio|x.-». KOlopilH iixo .1111 II CIVIilll |XlMilllil. illllop IILipilAilCI HCHCpilC II HpalK.TBCHIHK.~rii >ic. lOlK'MCCľBil Oil y lllCpA.lIlC I . Hlo .iHiTiaH, aaAC iiaiuiy'iiiiaH iiacH, moaci h pykán itviiv iicka ii|K'iip.iiniiM.h h opyaiic HacH.iiiH. \\ 1h*CI IMCIIIIOC m.k lept hu' A" K. IHIMaCICM 11 CIIOCoOllOĽlli 11.1 M L 111 I I, I IOM. HCoCihlKHOlK'HIHHľ II OÓMMIOIICII 'iccKoc n pca.ibHuid. í' ÍM^lUiUiii VÚVM n uiTipaAaci cíimnc crpi.ni.ic r.iyOinu IICHXHKH. CTpa.lilllllH II lipcciyil. ICHIIH HCJlOHCKil lil'O ll|XIH IHCaCHHH (1I.IIIHÜKIICH ÓO.ll.HIIIM l| MM.I I II Mi iM C'yaiJ")i.i rcpocii h ux nciixo.ioimi pa ihiihíimiuh ! Ill poMHOH flMCipOloii II CrpCMMTCH K X .1 UK I |x «| l.l m B CHiACIilX HCI|K'HaBIICH »lilCIO HCOA II,lil iui 1.1C HOHO poTbl H laÜHbi; TUMIM oTipa K)m aOCTHIÍICTCH HillipH Ac111101.il. aciiciHiiH BíiAiiyK) poai> B no.llllKC In, KicBcKoio inp.ici ofipai paccKiiľiiika. mucio ne iiojii. iyi-tch noBCCTiuiiiaiiiic or ncpBoro jiHjja TlIOp'icctho . M JloOloCHCKOl o II CCI'OaHH lipu - iwiCkacT miHMíiiiiic nox pycckoll n xniponoli iicropmi Taicmfl pii.iii. ich b Mcnoli IIo.ihiic, ncaa.ncko ot Tyaw, r aiiopHiicKofi cc-mi*. hMy hc ncnoaniiaiKb eure h aByx acT, kbk yMepaa ero MaTb. B 1837 r. ckoHMaacH otcií micaTeaH. Xoth oh onciib paHo .iiiiiiii.icH poainc.icii. npoAii.i cHiiciaiinoc aci CTBo, ero okp\ a.i m nmiMaiiiic n lafioia poaiii.ix. IIoiac a line i (iyayiunn inicareaby poacriícniíHKOB n K;i lanu. IIIccniiianimiacniiiM lonoiiicll 011 iiocTy-mia n Ka laiicMiii yniiiicpciircr Ha (|)akyai.tct boc- roillUX HlblKOH, IlOrOM H Ha lopiiailHCCKHH (|>a- kyabTcr. iaiiHriiH h yHiiBcpciiTCTC ne npofiyan.iH íl ihm ňo.ii.iiioio iiincpcca. n h 1847 r. 011 ero no-Kiniy.i B TO iipcMH Toacixill iio.iyiiia n nacaca- ,14 •15 B 1 . li-li lliiiM).'iaciiii xoponiiiM xo ihiihom h r y m;imiii.im iiomc-iiihkom. B Roni lloamie ynopno pafxnaeT, Hiy-•laci Hol opino, i eoi pai|»iKi. HHocipaiiiii.ic n ujmi. opiainnycT nikoay; oaiionpcMciiHo iipak ni'ieokii M TCOpCTHHCCKH IHaKOMIITCH G XOIHlIlTBOM.. Ho ocymccTBHTi. ciioii laMbioai.i cMy ne yaaaocb. Pa-uľiapiiiiaiiiiull úyayinnll mnaio.n. 110 ooiioi y fipaia yciAacr li 1X51 i na KaBxa i, me nocrynacr Ha bo-cnnyK) oay*6y. Ilo coocTHCHiioMy Aeaamwi oh npniin.1 yiacTHe h Kpi.iMCKoH iioiino, óu.i aKTiiB-HI.IM yiaoniiixoM ofiopoHbl CeBacronoan, noa iiiie-waTaenneM boIIhij Toacrolt itaiincaa «CnlO< mono. lUKUľ /'«( ( Aijlbl». lliK.ie naaemiH CeiiaoTonoan b 1855 r. lipne lAaeT xy.iilAiiHK b lloTepfiypi. inaKoMinca c Hckpaco-Bi.iM h apyíHMii n iiioornijMii am opa i opa mu Toraa Mojioaoň nHcaTCAb npitxoflHT K Bi.iiioay. ix K (ícaiiMM. ">>o oipa iii.iooi, n pacoKa lo - Jhoiii-jin-. Ilocac ho uipaiucHiiH b Pocchki aineparop cTapa- 010« H Honoll Ilo.lHHC oó. III III 1 1.0» 0 KpeOTbHHaMH. Oh cMHTaeT. >ito bbahum cpeacrBOM yay'iiiieiniH a n mu Kpeo-ri.HH HHaneTCH npooBeuieniie. Iloaro-My b 1859 i. ToacToB OHpiilBf Ť uiKoay aa« upec-TbHHOKHX aereil H oaM B Heil bcact uihhthh. B na-Maae 60-bix roaoB mmaa nncaTeai. pafioTari. naa poManoM ■■Hoimu UMUp». B 70-bic roai.1 eraa nponoBeaoBaTb TeopiiK) npan-crnciiHoro ycoBepuiencTBOBaHiisi, b KMeCTK iiaea-aa oh Biiaur KpeoTbHHHHa; peiKo iii.icTynacT npo-THB npHBiiaenipoBaHHiJX KaaccoB, KpiniinooKM OTHOCHTOH K (x|lHUIiaahHOÍI UCpKHU. B TO HpCMU ToacToH eoiaaěT poMUH «Anno Kopanina*. B 1881 r. nncaTcab co cBoeií oeiubéŕl nepeeiAacT n Mocny. Sinect oh Bnaea yAaCHyi« numery. Ho on ciiiraa, WO ee moaho ycrpaHini. ne nyrcM pe-I.11, .n im. a nyTCM caMoycoBepiiiciicTnoiiannn. ;'B to i.poM-i TaKJKe ycnaHBaioTcsi b MbiuiaoniiH Toacroro motiibij «HenpoTHBaeHHH iay naoiiaH-cm». Kpuniucckoe OTHOiiieHne aBTOpa k aeiicTiiH-TeabHooni iiaiuao oTpaAemie b poNiane «BotKpe-reime». npaBineai>cTBO nonnMaao KpinimeoKiiil nai|ioo ero upon meaeHHii. ho óoaaocb iipiiMoiiiin. k iiiioaio.iH) KaKue-anfio penpeccnn; oh óbia oaniu-KOM nonyaxpiihiM opefln Hapoaa. B 1901 i. (ihia ToacToň oTayneH ot uepKBii. 5KecTOKaa poaKiuiH npaiiHToabOTBa noeae peBoaKimin 1905 r. BiBoa-iioiiaaa anropa, hm nanncaH o piu.iM npii iiieaeiiHCM To. kí m o fiuaa aiiroÓHoipacpiiHcokaH ipnaoniH. UoHipa.n, null oOpai n oll ipii.'ioniH - HiiKo.iciu.Ka llpieiibeii. Ol oio .uma HoaöioH nee iionooiiioiiaiiHc. lOiiouia MiiMiaoHbKa noayHiia anopHiioKoe iiooiiiiiaiiiic, no laioM Hoiynaei n npoiHiiopemio c inop-.nu k.m epe-IIm Kak n Mo.ioaoro ľo.ioioio. repou CKopo nanu inum lioanoiian. iionpooi.i o omi.io.to ahihii. o lipan oiiieiiHooni XapaKiepno lutn Hero crpeMJienne k yooBopiuoiionioiiaiinK). '>ia rosia no.iyHH.ui iiinpo-k(io oipaAoimo n aa.ii.iioiiniiix upon iiioaoiniHX iinoa-Tca*. Tpiiaoriix noMoraer noiixib ycaomiH ayxomio-ro pgci> Toacroro. B "ĽeoacmonwittiKux paccica.uix» xyaoAiiiiK iipaioiinii) m lofipa iii.i MO.ioiiOka Ha luiniio oo hoomii oi o .lyMiiMii, i|ynoin,iMii n ncpcAiinaiiimMii Knnia oiviopAiu rpH npoibi - -Ceoocmoiuuih u ňťkoópc .tft'i'jMfr». -CfHOiinonn.n, n .\tac» n «Ccaacmonojin itaoi'ycme 1855 ,'oda». B 60-i.ie roabi ToacToll eo laaéT oano in Beaiman-uiiix npoii Mioioiiiiií MiipomiN .iiiiopaiypi.i - poMan tBoÚHa u Miip». B poMane-.inonee npeaoTanacHa nni-l»ikan kapnnia pyookoii ah ihii nopiibix aByx aeeiiTH-.tcihIÍ 19-oro Beka - o 1805 r. ao BoceraHiiH aeKafipn-CTiiB (1825 r.). AclicTBiie pa ibiiiuiotoh b painux Moorax l.npolll.1. H KÓM 1101 [X-HanviOH BbiayMaiiiibio lopoil G HOTOpilHCCKIIMII MMI.IMII ('llilll.l ailMlloll Anilín Hepcnyiorcii c onnoannoM iioeHiio-HCTopiiHe-ľkhx COCMndí n } m íl k i n I k mi m n ororynaennHMii. H ňom po iiopnoi o KiM.i ti loópaAaioioH ooóijthh, oBHiaiiiihio o Boltnoll npoTHB HanojieoHa b 1805-1807 rr. Abtop laccb noaiiopiaoi kpirniko cToaiiHHyK) iiiari. n noaoAiiTCJibHyK) oucHKy aaéT npiKTUM a Klan m. Bo BTopoM TOMC HcropimeoKiie oofibiTiisi ycTy-naMiT n io6paAomiKi Miipiioil ah ihii raaiiHbix repocB poMaHa - ocMi.H Pik.-iohi.ix. Ili.epa lie lyxoiia. AiiapeH l>". ikonokoio. ToacToft npocaan.THCT KpaeoTy pyc-okoII npnpoau. CBeTawe HcaoBeneoKiie M y bot Ba H oo- ■ fíotiitu u Mup (1863-69) M/i/iu KaptHUHů (1873-77) /;....,.....,. (1899) II 1.0(1.1 II m, nu. iiv.mij (1886) // iikIij npiHOťinenum (IXl»>) ACmioú mpvn (1911) HCCTI. ICpoCB. B ipclbCM IOMC H WKipaACIIO HTOpAC h mo Hano.Tooiia n Pocciihi. oihioniuioiom liopoann oKoe cpaAcnnc Miniptie iipe.a iuh.mc-1 mimiio mnu oiiiibill iiciríp ne Tojibito nora ioMa. ho Bcero poMana. B mo i nop n im ihmo ii iiHipa aoiio oio i > m io nne apMMii Hanoaeoiia ni Mik k hu. I) mmi.hiio iioiic-oiByeioH o tom. k.n oJioAiiaiioi. oyai.Gbi repoeii no oo mi. aoi onyoiM iioo.TC 1812 r. B «Hoiinc u Miipr- iimoiyn.ici óo.u.iiioo ku.mimo oiiio repocB. iix ofipaibi rayooKo iiii.immii.iv.i.mi inpo na im j KoHiioiiiiiiii HeaoBOKa n cro |X).th b iioropmi oaMoro To.toioio OOOTBCioiiyoi h nepapxiiH aelioi ny hhuhx .ihii b poMane h .iihhookhx mo.ioir-mookhx IIOIIMOOloil Bl.lOlllllM kpillOpilOM HII. IHO I OH 6. Ill IOOI I. repou k npn|)oae n napoay. C ;m>ft TOW i|x.-inin moaho HM.io.imii ahc KaioropiiH iiepeoHaAcll. K IIOpiKMÍ Ol IHK. Hl OH I 0|K)ll. 0 lOHIUIIO aajICKO oi napo. 1.1 .mi npii iiiopii.iH iiiarii in eaaona A11111.1 lllo pep. Orní iiiaiiie iioero eraBm norám 110. Kapbepy. HMOllIMIlll .IOOK. II|K-,1L Klll.IHMll OOÓdli MOpiUlhlllJÜ p.i Mip.ii. 1.10 n la ao OioMooiiioiniaH Holina 110 lipo ÔyAaaOT H HilX HOTHHHO M0.TOB0M00K 110 MV 110 1 M.1 Ku BTopoll k.uoi opiiii iipiiiiaa.ioAHi iiopoonaAH n i lipu-iiiiiiiiiiaai.mu o aiiopHiioi na - ooMhii lioakonokiix H I'OOKIBUX. Olli) HM0K1T 6ail IKOC OTHOUIOHHO k lipil-po.TO II k kpOCII.IUIM, OnOOOňllN UI.1VMI.M1Ü1 HÖH n.i | 0 BOH M H IHK'T yilKaMII H OOBOpUlall. Bblfiop MOAay ÄO- 6poM h íaoM. Cpean hhx iiuacíHKíToh Anapeil boa-koHckini ii lli.op be lyxoB. (Mipa in Aiiapen n Ili.op.i IIMOKII IHÍMBIO MOpil.l. 1.1H (m'ioIIX X.ipak 1 opil 1.1 IKK TO HHiii.ic nón'okii oWi.io.ia aiiimii, 'lynonio iiaipnonii Ma h CTpeMaeiine Own. noacmuM napoay. Ilo oim h laMCTHo oTaimaKvrcB apyr ot apyra. Ana|K-lt pao-cyaoMHi.iii paitnoiiaaiioT. Ilbop ah nor mviiouuimm >Kllllll. AliapOH IIO.Hla B 1-TOľOH h iiaaoiiiili, yBacic-imiIÍ n pa loMapoBannll On pa lo'iapona.ioH n ciaiic nccciiMH im n HOHopiie b cnacTbe noMoracT CMy npe-oaoacTb aioôoBb K HaTamc PiktoroH. Ho ero Ha- 46 47 if*.im |>>iii.iK.M. mm u llaiauia >"•io.-i.ki. kpaean ucm AHarnaiicM C'oowthh 1K12 r. npiiBoaaT repoa h apMiim It liiipoaiiiickoM cp.iACunn on i Mcpic.ii.no panen 11 11 iiocaeaiiiie ami nepca CMcprwo eraa iioim-M.in.. pamiy icknll ii.len laM cóaiiAaercH e II.i.iioiiom KapaiaeiiUM 11 noa (TO BaiiHintcM npuxoaiiT K ia-k.lKI'ICHHKI. HTO CMMCa AHIIIH - .TTO aiOOOBb K OaiiAHCMy. iiciipoTiinaeHiie lay h nokopnoeii. eyai.6e. Ho lli.cp hc ciaa npiiiiepACHUCM ((niaoeo-<|iiin CMiipciiiM. /loka iMiiaci .no uni.ioi, iae l.eiy-xob eHoiia eraa na iiyn. noncKon. on iiMCTynaeT >iae-hom acKaOpneTCkoro rallnoio oßiueeana. Han ikii k na|x>ay enoell hiictotoh Hyncm, o6pa iom ah iiih ii o6axTcai>iian llaiauia Pocrona, n laayMHii-iiaa Mi: i i BojlKOHCKax. Xapakicp HarauiH aali n pa nun nu H nauaac poMana mm ec imaiiM eine eo-neeM peóeiikOM, larcM ixiaponaie.'ii.noli aenyuiKoll ii ii mih mu- iiofmiHcli Aenoli lieiyxoiia n \iaiepi.io Mapi.H. k;ik ii HaTauia. eepacMHaa, fijiaropoaHa« it nijciiiee cliacn.c ona niiairr n ccMcltiiofl ah mil. Ocoooe mccto n poMane laiiiiMaer ofipai llaa-TOHa KaparaeBa, Ktvropi.ilt oamicTBopseT iiaeaab-Hwc nepru pyecnoro xapaKTcpa: aoöpoTy, cxpoM- HOCTb. OIITHMHIM, lipoCTOTy. B ;>TOM ofipa IC orpa maaci. ToacroBCKaa iiaeaamamiH pyccKoro kpeen.xneina llaaTon KaparacB lie npiiHaaaeAHT HM k llcpnoH, lili k HTOpoll KaTCrOpilHM rCpoCIl po- Maiia. Ofipa i Kaparacna - ;ito Boiuiomemie Hpaii-cthchhocth ii aoopa. B poMane iierpe'iaioTen ofipa iw Kyxy tona n Hano-aeoHa. KyTy ion npeaeranacii kak r opamill narpHOT, Myapbiii. npoCTOi ii aoopi-iil McaimeK. KMy iiponino-iiix.Tan.icn ofipa i Hano.ieoiia. B oi.iiiMiie ot KyTy 10-na, KOTopbiit oaimeTBopneT HapoaHyio eiiay. llano-aeon iionaoinacT aiiiHoe naua.io b HCTopimccKiix coöbmiax ii na iipor« aciiiih necro npon iiieaeima ToacToii pa nieiiMiinacT ero KyabT. B «Boitne u Mupe- micaTcnio yaaaoei. 11 loTipamn> HapoanvKi ah mi. wepei BiiyTpenmiil Miip repoeB. Haa poMaHOM -Anna Kapettuita- Tojictoh pafx>. Taa iMTb aer. PaaBHolt repOHHeň HBaHeTCH Ahhj, b Moaoaix-TH OHa Bbiiuaa UMyA ia noAiiaoro bhow Koro miiioBHiika KapemiHa. CynpyAecTBO c xoaqg-hmm fiKipokpaioM eě He yaoBJieTBopHer. B Mocm« oHa BCTpemaa Moaoaoro ot^imepa Bponexoio ii cTpaenio 11 Hero BaiofiHaacb. Anna Kapenwta (ompbtook) Cmpauman Oypx poajiacb u ceucmejia Mexdy n> jiecaMu 88MHM no cmojiGoM m-3a yena rmanuuu. Ba.-oiibi. cmanßbt, Jimdu, ace, imo (ibuio nudno, - 6bt-no \aneceno c oňnoú cnwponbi CHeeoM u saHOCunoct uce (iojibiue u dojibiue. Ha Mc-nooeitbe C>ypn namux-na, ho nomoM onuntb Haneinana iiuikumu nophina-mu, ojn,iuue <)nepu. .. .Kakue-mo dua i'ocnodtiHa c OcHe'M nanupoc no piny npoitum mumo eě. Ona aido.xiiyjia eufé pax •minou nadbimambcs, u yxe ubiHy/ia pyky U3 Myip-mu, 'iinoóbi mstmbca 3a cmonduK u iioiimu a uaenu. kak eufé 'lenoaek a aoemioM ruuibmo nodne nee ca-mou sacjiOHun tů Kojie^moiuudcu ceem qbonapn Ona otJlHHynacb u a my xe Munymy y.majia junto BpoHckih-o. npii.'ioxuu pyicy K Ko:ibtpbky, on iuikjio-hivicx npe<) neu u enpocun. He nyxno nu eii itti'tc.'ti iienpiixmtitvo u Mpit'tiioco; iianpo mutt, Cm.n> 'imo-mii ptidot mime, xeyiee it tin iCiyxdu miiiee. K xmpx Anna uidpcMtuui, cudx a kpec.ie. ii ko.-da npoctiyjiacb, mo yxe Cmno Cteno, euenvio it noe u) nodxodtut k llemepCtypey. Tomnae xe mijc.iu o doMt, (> Myxe, o chine u uiOomu npedcmoxuieco dnx ii cjiedytnuiitx oCicmynujiu eeJ. B nemepCtypse, monbKo 'imo ocmationtuicx noe id ii una itbiuvia, nepuoe jiuua, oCipamuuiuee ee nniiMii-nue, (ibvio jiiiuo Myxa. Ax. Coxe mou! om'ieeo y neeo • tn,i in makue yiuu? ■ nodyMana ona. enxdx nn ecu xo.iodnxio ii iipedcniiitiiiiitc.ibiixHi ipueypy it ocoOen-itn na nnpu iiiiiiiiuc ee incncpi, xpxufu yuieii, nodnu-pauuiue nojix kpyejioii uuixnij. I,inn,i i cRM'ih e BponckiiM a^in nee MymiTeabiia h iKi:rroMy ona orkpoiieimo npii iiiaeTen emx:My MyAy Ka|x.anini orpunaei pa uxia. rak kuk 3T0 MOSM uon|x' in 11. ri o t ,i|u epe. in , ii in Ae ii|k-mh pa uio.i ii|vaeian aaeT juih Ahum eaimei iieiuiyK) no imoahocti.. kbk civ CaHHHTb CIKIHI All till, C BpOHCKIIM. lie IIO.IOACIIIIC CJioAHo. Ona yxoain k BpoiicKoMy, ho lepacr cBocro .miTiHMoro ei>iiia CepeAy, Kimipi.iil (xaairrca y Kapc- lllllia. JIllUCMCpiIlK' ailopHHCKIX: irfiuiCCTIH) IICKJIKmaCT Aimy hi cbocII epeau n ah mi. e BponckiiM hc oupaB-luuia tcx iiaaeAa. KOTopiue na hcc Aima Bouiaraaa. BpoHCkiiH ne n cixtoshihii nanoaiiim. nx eoiiMCCTHyK) Aiiuih rayookiiM cmmcjiom. repoiiHa Tix.KycT no cm-ny. erpa.iaei oi ii|x- i|X'iinn ix'unecimi u eaiiiieinciiiioli lea mo e>i cyuiceiBOBaHim eTaHOBirrca eoxpaneimc 11061111 I'aju 101 o. ona aaAC aimiacTCH Marcpniiekoi o 'lyncrna k aeiunikc. poAaeHHoli or BpimcKoro. imaa poMaiia Tpanmeii: Ahhb He cnix-ofma Hall-111 HMxoa 111 no loAcunu 11 KoimacT ah ihi> noa Koafi-iaMii nix: iaa II006.ICMU cyiipyAcckoll All mu painiinaci ainop 11 m. nn.p..ii CMiAcinoil iiiHiiii lipon ineaeimx - MCTO- pilll OIIIIIIHCHIin .ICBIIII.I II KII III. (X)C .'IHIIHII M.K icp ckh iicpcnacTCHM, ;ipaManmecKix; eoAiiic.ibeino \11111.1 11 Bponckoio cMCHHcrea iiaii.i.iH'ieekHM mmc I inoiiailHCM o am um .k-lilill.i 11 Kinu ll(epóaiikou JIchhh. ii oi.iiniiic 01 Ahiim. ciiocooch na in 11a mim-npoMHce. O11 npiiMiipiiacH e aelleiHHie;ibiio<.'ii.Ki, ii koio|X)ll xo'ici Ann. A/M apa. Oll B pokiaHC iipoao.iAaci .iiiiiHMi iickarcacD cMMC/ia au um. nu paxaer hacii, capcM.iciiiia 11 naacAaia To/icroro II 70-ue......1 PoMaH 'Anna Kiipemiiui-11.k innen i|xmiioil. Xkiy pyio aiMix.i|x.p> 110iMepkiiiwioi ciimho.iij ii iiomopa IOIIIHIXH MDI llllhl (liaiip I Mcpi I. Il< VI IIIX-' I.K IM II HaMil/IC 11 könne poMana. oTipa 1 am opaioiuoll enenn 11 ap ). KpiriiiHeckoe oiiiouicmic l'o.iemio k ofiineeiTioii-HOMy cTpoiocKaia/iiKb b poManc "BocKpecemie». I'..Man oikpi.uiticieM kapniiioH eyaa. Knau. He xaKiaon h poJiH iipucHAiioio laccaarea« 11 iioacyan-Moil KaTKHiic Macaoiioft > uiaci Mo/ioayHi. kpaen ByK>, MHCTyK» aeuyiiiky, koixipym ob 11 MoaoaocTit eoö 1.1 hihi 11 11010M ßpociia. Macaima, ciaimiaa ii|XKiHTyikoll, ofiimneiia 11 yniilleTBC fioianiio nyii-na. Xoim 011a ue imiioima, ee npiuoBopnaii k karop-re. B HexaMuioiic npiKMnaeica eoiiecn. h oh eipe-Minea HCKyniiib cbok» nniiy nepca iieeiiacnioli ACHiiiiiiioil. O11 111,1 nie ich aofun ixh otmchm iicenpa- HCa-IHIlOII) lipiUOIlopa II BCKlipC IIOHH.I, HTO HaCTOM-IIIIIMH npCCiyilllllKaMH HBJMKITCH UMCOkllC HIIIIOBIIII kh, um, 1..11.ii.- BJiaen.. Hcx.iioaou iipanciiicimo iii'pepoA.i.K'h h oika ii.inaeivH 01 .ipueiokpaiiiue ekiix npiiiiii.iei 11II. inaaer choki icm.iki kpecTbaniiM 11 coiiponoAaaeT Kaini MaeaoBy 11 Cn6npfc, On iipn-xoaiiT k Mbieaii. Koropa« lipo iny-iajia yAe 11 upe-ai.iayiuux lipon ineaeuiiax ToacToro: cMaerbc HcaoBC-ka cikttoiit b aKMÍBii k fiaiiAHCMy, Bo neeiipoiHeiimi 11 iicnpoiHH.iemm iioae 6ora. XyaoACCTBeHHaa eipyKiypa poMana oiipcacaHCT-ch kOHipacraMii. B iicm iipoiiiiioiiocraBasicTeH pi>-ckonmaa Aiiuih apiieToxpaTmi yAacHOMy eyiae-cinonammi 11 TKipi.MC, hchhiioiuiocti, (x.yA,ieniu,ix kOHTpaeTHpyeT e bhhobikkti>k» npanHiuiix. C ßoab-iiioii xyaoAcciBciiiioJl eii.ioii packpi.iuaeren n npoas iie.icuiiii ii|x;cTynHa» acüTcabHiKTb riKyaapeTiien-hmx yMpcAaeniill, eyaa. THipi.MM 11 pcaiirMH. Jl. H. To/ictoh KaK xyaoAHHK cyMca noenmb DO- CTOHHHO II IMCll-IL Hl: , .0. I OCCKOMCMHyiO pCa^lbHIKTb. ■18 ■1!) B eio iMfHMM opľaMMMCCKM comnaercii .niime-CKUH tinipoia MoiiyMcirraabHoro ofipaia .1110x11 c mm- 1111.11 h ipofi MHKtXlllCHXCUHMIlHeCKOrO ar-oaa aiiniioil ah mu rcpoeB. Oh, k;ik aiiajiekTiik neaoBeneckoň ay. mil h iiCKaTeab npaiiabi, okaihinaa h ao ciix nop au. On uHcpniaci aiiicparypy kpimmcckoro pca-aniMa iipouiaoro cto.icthm. ho oaiioBpcMCHiio ero iiiop'uľiiio ninicbiiiacTCH b ai.Tepa.ypin.iii koh-TCKer «tepcnpuHoro iieKa» (90-i.ie IT. - iiepiiue fle-UinUNlfU 20-oro iieKa). 'Icxoii poaiiaoi n lopoae Taiaiipor, B MHoroacmoli ccmi*: Mtvikoro ToproBna. Oh yinacH b laranpoi - CkOÜ I IIMIIa Hill, IIOTOM IUI MCailHHHCkOM l|iakyai.Te- ie Mocmihckoi o ynniicpcHieia ľane öyayni ciy-aeiiTOM oh eoipyaHMHaeT c iomopiicthhcckhmh AypiiaaaMH. rac niva paiHhiMii nceiiaoiiHMans Aimtii Míiii.-miiMM HcxiiH (ii.iiip. Anioina 'lexome) ni'iaTaei iiepni.ie lipou ine-aeiiiiH Jlynnnc n i mix iionian n cóopiiiik paccka-IOB, Hbiujeaiunli n roa okOHiaHiin ynmiepcineTa (IXX4). Okoh'iihi MeamiHHCKHH i|iakyai.rer, imca-Teai. HCMvropoc bocmh pafioTaa upanoM, ho nekope UcaHMiM hocbhtii.t cefiH -THTcpaTypc. B XO-hie roai.i jkhbct b Mik'kbc, e 1892 r. oh nepeceaHeTca b cpca-nepycckyHi acpcHiwi Mc.hixobo B 1890-om roay .. incpujn i nyTeujccTBiie na ixrpoii CaxajiiiH e ue- ai.Mi oinaKOMaemiH c vKuihmo laK.aKiHeHHbix, Oh nofii.iBaa TiiK*e b pa ihmx crpaHax ľáiponi.i. Eine B MoaoaocTH MexoB laöoaea Tytáepxyae iom aérKHx; c TeiemieM BpcMeHii ero taopoBbc bcí óoabiue yxyAuiaaoeb. ÍToaTOMy oh ííbia iibiuyAacH nepeexaib Ha K>r, b JLaTy, me npo*na nocaeaiiHx UieCTb aeT AHTHII. lipou nie leiiiiM I'uccKaii.i 3a6bin!! (1SH) Tivumuii u moitkiiú (1883) C'Mcpmh 'uuumnuKa (1883) Xa.Me.aeoH (1884) Kyxupm Ai'iiumcx (1885) ľope(1885) Mc-nnui < 1X86) B cy.wpkax - ďiopnuK (1887) X.uypbie jiioôu - cfiopnuK (1890) ff,oM c .we.umuHoM (1896) Mv*mu(1897) HejwoeK o (pyitmxpe (1898) MaMa c coßawcoü (1899) Heeecma (1903) IlonecTH Cmŕ»ib(1888) Ckywux ucmopux (1889) naaamaiVO 6 (1892) lepiiuú MOHox (1894) Ocmpou CaxajiuH - nymeetxeMiMemkii (1892) lll.CCbl W«üHoa(1887) MeH. Ho i a k Ac na iix pafMiH. Bo HTOpoli IIO.IOHIIIIC X0-blX l'OaOH CľailOHHTCH ii|Hna HcxoBa Ooaee eaoAiioli. AiiTop naMiniacT no- IHIMall.. Hioliopokll IMÍUlCt'TBa HC.'II.IH . TC'IIIT I. . Tlllllb CMCxoM. On oeoiHaer. i i. iocoi|iiih icpiiin iiopa Acinic. B i|iiina.ic iiohccih Piu nu yMiipaei or paipuiia cepana. B -llajiame No ň» niicareab yiBcp^aaei, WTC la aymnyHi, 6ojiee kpaciiiiyKi An mi, iiaao akiiiinio fiopoibCH B apyrux iipoiax oh ofi.THHaer tc HiiaeiniH aeltcTiiiirtvii.iiociH, koiopi.it' iipeiiHTcniyKii ec yiyniiciniKi. Tak. 11 110-iieaac «HejiooeK a ynvixpe». Hamán orpnAcniic iTinnCIOH pc- 6ht. OmicbiiuiH cy.Ti.fiy acreil. oh oňaHnaer OecHcio-iic'iiiocih iicero ofnnecTBCHHoro crpoH. Cnamhxomnu m Ho'ii,. Ilxuhkii Btiphka. ňeuoiKu -lem mpuHutUta-mu. KU'iaem kojiufíejih. n komopuu ;wAum peCn'uoK, u >iymi, c.ibiiuiio Mypjiu'iem: biiH>riiiH>uiKui>an> A x necenky nom... flepeň odpil iom eopum le.ieiiax Jiajwuinka: teeo padu. BenepHxx MiJia nackamt cjiunaiouiuecx enaia u ofíeujaem eú cxopbiú, kpena coh. BenepoM KX03xeeaM npuxodxm čocmu. - BapbKa, cmaob caMoeap! - Kpunum xo3xúku. - BapbKa, côeeaú Kynu mpu 6ymuj\KU nuaa! Ona cpuäaemcx c Mecma u cmapaemcx íiexm ôbicmpo, nmofiu npoettamb coh. Ho aom HaKoneu čocmu yuuiu; oem myutami xo3xeea noikamcsi cnamb. - Bapbm, nomnaú peôé'HKa! - pa3daemcx noaé huú npum3. B neHKe Kpunum ceepnoK; ae/ienoe nxmHo m «• moiiKe u menu om nanmajion u ne.né'HOK onxmb.i 3ym e nojiyomKpumue ena3a BapbKU, MiuM u myManxm eú eo/ioey. A peôéHOK Kpunum u U3ne.\wiaem om Bapbm oudum onxmb čpx3Hoe mocce, Jimdeä c » moMKOMU... Ona ecé nouuMaem, ho CK&03b noflp ona ne Mo-xem mojibKo hukok noHxmb moň cwiu." mopax cKoeueaem ee no pykaM u no noeaM, d** ee u Meuiaem eú xumb. Ona ocjixdueaemcx, uW srny cuJiy, nmoôu U36aaumbcn om nee, ho M *• dum. HaKoueif, u3Mynuemucb, ona nanpxiatm * ceou cujiu u 3penue, ejixdum eeepx na MUian# 3enenoe humno u, npucnymaamucb k Kpuky, «f)i.cMy ero paccxa im h no- IICĽTII HffxiJlI.UIHe, OHII llacMIlICIIM ĽO;lĽ|)AallHCM m h hiix orpaAaciĽX pyccxan aelit imiicai.iKxii. ť IICMCIII.IIU-II XyailACC I IICIIIIoll CIIJloll. MOM H IIĽ1IXO- Jionmctxiix poManax pyctKiix pca;incT0B. Illii|xixcchi - pacnaa aBopmicnia. cMciia (|x-(iaa.n.iioll i|xipMaiinii xanina.iiiciimrcxoll >i.i icu.i .iiiMi.ii.ini p.n.ii|xxipaiicna M pyccMiH ;im icpaiypc iipoin.ioín Br x a ( m*ci nurCM ii|xx mii B (X línii) Miin|>.ii(k i.i iin.ioAťiio im umučíme hoiioio IIOXO.ICHIIH .IHI.ICII k ll.l|XHI lllopHIK kllii )(.I.II.(V lloMciiiiiua ľ.iiieix.Kjjl n cc fipai lacľ ii.iaac.ii.iii.i nncxpaciioro iiiiniiiriioin caaa ia.HiAii.in )ca n.ó) Hni ii|xiiu°n 114 llaciyiiaci ii|X'mh VII. la i m ii|kiiicii IOH. 11(1) IIIH aCHCI 110 I IImcHIIC KI.IAIIO di.in. npo ;wmo h aynuiiiHC Kyticu J lona x hh. riMiiiimli xpenocT-ikiii l.iciiux, coacTycT pa'ifiHTb caa Ha aaic yiacTXH h caaiian. tu m apcuay M lak ciiacni iimciiiic llo OHII (II ka ll.lll.IH Hl H III IIIH u l |XMl I H.l II III. Il.ko MCMIaHII II IOM. k.lk lipiKldpCCJH ACH 1.1 II. "Xopolllll fiu iKLiymiri. or koi(i-iiiifiyai. HacacacTBo. - mchtuci ľacii. - xopoino 61.1 HM.iaii, Amn ta Tioi aioi o 'ic. n Huna, xopoiiio Tím iiix'xaii, 11 »pixviaii.il. h iioin.i uu i. c'iacii.M ) iciynikii 1 pa<|iiiiiii" Oaiiaxo iix mchii.i iic cfíM.iiici, 11 ycaai/ia iiakoiicu ncpcxojliľi n pyxii kyiiua Iihi.iviiii.i Oh HMpyTnii iihiiiiichmII i.i.i h nix-ipom Ha 110M mci 10 i.ľiii. mi 1 iipuc npiiiiccyi cMy orpoM mail aoxoa. ľ.iHCHckax yc lAacr b MapHA B 111*1 ľ linka 1.111 ne in. 11.kn ikiilliiMlľlciklin xpax aMipXHCTBa, HO H CIO HCCIKX'oTlHlXTI. K AH IHII B ycVlO-HIIHX IHK.lC|X-(|>o|lMCIIII(lll ľlXCIIII. (Kipa IM ľalICIX'KIIH. lacná ii|X'.ioiaKii h iii.cic Íriiiomiiihiii.imii h a,i imi mii Ohm iHxiiiiiaiiM hvc.kihhhx napaiiiiH'icikoll aiii Hli. IIC lipilCIHX'llŕiaCHM Hli K k.lk(IM) Tpya). XOIM OHII i«'i 1.1 lallll II IIO.IOAHIC.II.HMMH 'ICpTaMH. Mm lipoTH luiiHxiaii.icii kyncii Jloiiaxmi mii anilínmi n acii.ua. ()n rpyaniHiTiiiii, no ne Kyai.rypcM. (ibicrpo yMccr yra-aarb. H mcm in.iin.ia Oaiiakn iiiMiiaiini ainopa líc ii.i ciiipniic jlnnaxiiiia. a na CTopoiic OcaHom cryacHTa-pa iHiniiiiiua ľ[XH|niMon;i 11 amicpil ľancixkoll Aim Ohm ycipcM.iciiM n 6yaymcc, k iiiiuiiiciioMy caay imih irrwKUTCM kak k cnximi.iy ymcaiiicll ah mu. HcxoB 11 c hoc m npoiaimccKOM h apaMani«iccKoM I MipiICCTHC IKX'THI Tpal II IM 6.111a.Il.lloll IKIHCCaHCH-IHX 1 II 52 53 JhuepaTypa KOHua 19-oro - Haqajra 20-oro BeKa PyvťKaa ainepaTypa na pyťie*e hckob npeacTaB-amrr cofxilt cvwxHbill nepiioa. C ojhoIÍ ctodohm, cnra ll|Xl.lll.'IAH.'ia pC.I.WCTII>ICCMIC II poMilH II1MLL KIIC ipa.niiiiiii «ioaoToro», 19-oro BCKa a, c apyroii, 6bi-aa oiMCiciia hobijmii TCHaeiiUliHMii. Hana. 10 90-i>ix nuoii o uiaMciioiiaiio 11 Pocenu, Kax n 11 lanaanoft liapone, HapacTaimeM aenpecciiBHbix iiacipociiiiH. Hocvie nancHim napiiACkoli KoxiMyHbi 11 liipone 11 ncyaaiii iiapoaiiiiHCLTiia b Pocchh HacTy-nacr pa io'iaponaiine, npoHBaHercH «ycTa.aoCTb ot mhiii.i 1 ui.iciiiH". Mininic aCHTCJiii xyabiypbi biia»t h :rroM ncpiioac «cyMcpiui» MciaaHCKoň mniM/iHja-111111 llacipociiiiH aciiuuiK)ihii Hanjaii OTpaJKeHHC n u-k.i icnu nic 11 pa ihmx MoaepHHCTCKiix ic>iciiiihx. Ho 11 pysciOM nfunccrue y*e b DOaoBHHC 90-bix nuoii ncpiioa acii|X'ccim ycTynaeT, b crpaHC nponc-xuiiii ói.icipoc npoMbiuiacHHOc paniHTnc, KOTopoe coiipomiAaacicH couiiaai.iibíM 11 noaimmecKHM aaB-acinicM 11 npiiBoain k HoaHe penojnowiii (1905, 4kb-|)aab 11 okixópi. 1917 [.). Jlincpaiypiibill npoiíccc nocaeaHero aecHTHaeTHH npoiiLioio 11 nepučilo aeciHTiiacniH iiaiucio ncka hc "eyMepKOB" euponelickoii umiHainannii nakaHyHe licpmilt MlipoiHlii HOlillbl H OKTOĎpbCKOH pCB(MKmHll. I UPOKI OTaHMaeTCd CTaTHWHOCTMO, lilia ociloiiaila 11a xapakTepiicTHKax repot-B h onHcaminx iipnpoai»i, H iiell cka iMiiaKiTCM TpaaiiuiiH TypreHCBa 11 ToHiapo-Ba. On iiiieaji o pa ipyiiieiiHii aepeBeHCKoii ahihh, rpycTHJi no yxoaumeii 11 npouiaoe pyccKoil narpiiap-xajibHoít aepeBHC. B ero riiopMecrBc lačni iBywar moihhij neceiiMHiMa 11 cKencHca. Tax, Hanp. TocKa o «flBopnHCKiix rHě'iaax» onpeaeJiaeT CTpyxrypy paccxa3a «AnmonoacKue a6jioku» (1900). K ayi^ npoH3BeaeHnaM ByHHHa npHHaajieAiir paccxai .r cnoduH u3 CaH-KH3HbK> nacca*iipoB( najiy6e M 6eflHbixi cymecTBOBaHHew noBapoB, kov rapoB H npHcayr b Tproxie KopaÓJia. TocnoflUK tu 3anno b nyrn yMHpaeT ot yaapa h ero Tpyn Taltao 3yT Ha flHe KopaG-aa. CaxibíM KpynHbíM npoioBeaenneM ByHiwa, larat MeHHbíM B 3Miirpau.HH, aB.iaeTCa poxiaH «JKuiHbty ceHbeaa» (1927-1933). 3to aBToĎHorpacpiiHecmi npo3a, b KoTopoii aBTop noBecTByeT o cboěm aercn II MO/IOAOCTH, CBOěM flyxoBHOM C03peBaHHH. ByHHH hc npnHíi.a peBOJiKJUHK) b 1917 r. a iiMiirpt poBa.1 b riapii/K. B 1933 r. oh - nepBbiií 113 pyctM nHcaTe.nefl - no/iy' Aiiapeeiui nafi.iKiaa-cTca fioae iiieiiiibill niiTcpec k upoňaeMC cmcoth. Ma-cio 11 cm 1 iiopnccine ncrpciacicH řekla fx-iyMim On ncpin. hto MCJioiieKOM ynpaiciHCT poK, aiiiiii. h cyabfia b ero npeaciaii.iciinii npaAaefnibi .iiihiio-ctii. AHapccii yxa ibiiiaer aficypa h Tparn im 'ic.ione •leckiiro cyiuccnioiianiiH (Hanp. B nbcec «>Ku3Hb '«'-■KHHKU-1907) 11 vro cfi.iHAaer ero c aekaaciicnioM. K iianfMiaee inaHiiTcvibiibíM MoacpinicickiiM Teie-miHM 11p1111aa.1CAa.nl eilMiio/in im, akMCiriM, <|iyTy-piiiM. ( hmbo.ihim iicpiioiiaMa.ibiio 110 unik 110 i|ipan-nyíCKon aHTcpaType (Boaacp, Bcp/ieH. PcmCxi). Oh Hexoain 111 TeiHea o tom, htooKpyxaK>iuan aellc-niii-TcabHixrrh HJijnoKipHa. a noaJiHHHaii ec eyniHixTh ckp1.11 a. Mnp MOAiio 11 uifipa mu. .inini. iiixpeacTiioM aCx-rpanTiioi o. iieonpeae^cHHoro, MHoro iiianiioi o ciiMixiaa CnixoTBopeiiHii no.iTOB-CHMBoaHCTOB - caicpxiiT npcKpaciibic cnixii. ihxtihiuch hmc Hercpfiypry). rayooKMR rmptn** ero npoMiaeoe-1111I) inrracTCii moiMCft JlcpMoiiiona 11 llyiiikiin.i lliiana.ic byioK eouwcT eBocofipa ihmc aKiTxiiinue cthxh. b Miiopux .1K1011111. iipeacracT nax lanu C1BCHIIIX-. iiaca.Ti.Hix- lyHcrim, Bixneiiiier Miip «bc«i- lloll AťlICIHťHIICIH- OHI! BOlll.TII II cfiopilHK -CltlUXU i> ///ich/kii Nfiii (>THÍCC» X |K' mi.iMiniiii 1917 r. iioaoAine.Tbiio B miiiape 1917 1. iiaiiiK.1.1 iio.im> •, nuditami. . 11 kompoli nc|X-.iaci BJBj iieiiixpeacTHeiiiiix- oiiiymeinie |x-iio.tmiiiiioiiiiijx coTiniiih 11 Ilcrporpaae. OHa cixtoht hi aiieiiaanani •lacicii. iiuciyiiaci 11 ncii 111c11.1111.111. kpacnoi nap acMiicn; ainop tbk iienoabiycr fiiifiaeňcKyK) ciimiio aiixy CnixHHiKxTb 11 ncKinopaH mhcthiikxti. |X-iio-.iMiiinn iioancpkiiiiacicH iioiiiiipnniiiniMCH ofipa iom iicipa 11 ycn.iiiiiaeicH KiiinpacioM 'lépiioro 11 fieaoro: 'lípnuli netrp. bejibiú tHte. Hcmcp. twmrp'. Ha iith-ax ne tmoum iijunieK. Hemrp, nemep ■ ll«Ai>e.M cueme! Ilo.lM.I LlkalIHIIliaCTCH IICOAliaailllblM MHOIOIIia'1- HbiM ofipa «im Xpnera. Tak líilvm ňepxmiHUM iuo.-om -lloMiňu •■o.um)huíi net. Bnepet)u - r kpotuinhiM tfviaeoM. II ni OMOMi nenuduM. II nm nyjiu HeapeňuM Hexnoú notm\nhH> nadtiMtiAHnit. Cne/kHtni •WCCtMMd MJUWQ0RM04 B (iejtoM neinuke m pos ■ Hnepeňu litu Xpitrmoc. ílaTtma novinu Banka iiimh......um ho ero TBop- mcctbo b itctoM ni.ixoain 1a (kimkii ciiMiioan iMa. K iipcacTainnciHM ciimho.ih iMa cacayeT othccth npoiaiixa Aii,i|H'h lir 1010 (1880-1934), Oh wiiiiMa ct iiia»iiiTcai.Hix? mccto B pa ibiitiih cBponellcKon npoiw; bmcctc c AxoltcoM 11 npyeroM ctomt y hc-roKoii Honoro ciiponcitcKoro poMaiia. PoMan «17*-mepfiyp.-* (1916) miTcpcecH no ((xipMC, nHcaTeab pa IBHBaCT aCHCTBHC, OTflejlbHbie .WH lOflbl OH (X.BC- 54 55 UMCT C pa IHblX TOMCIt ipCHHH. M Hol TIC IpaKTbl CKItte- Ta oomcHSCT «c ono laaimeM». Teicer oneHb AHHaMH- HCH. H III ITH I II lliaMCHIIII b HeM BHCTynaKJT Kpackii ii tnyK.li. TaKiiM ofipaioM oh eyMea yfJeaH-re.ibHo ncpcaaTb aTMocipepy Pocchh HaxaHyHe peBO- . ikiuhohhi4x IlCpCBOpOTOB. Akmchim - icHcmie b pyccKo« novimi. KOTopoe BoiiiHK.To h nepBoll HCTiicpiH 20-oro Bena B npoTii-HOBCC CHMBO.THlMy. KpHTHKyH n"03THKy xyao*e-CTBCHHoll HCHCHOCTH, railHCmCHIKKTH, aKMeHCTbl iiponouo.ionaaii iiciuiiocib m'ipaia, tohiiocti> ii npo-cnny h ilikii Uli IIIIH lipcaClall.IH.laCI. aKMCHCTilM pcMCC.IOM. kollipoc I pcnnlia.lo HblCOKoH C THXOTIIOpiloii TexHH- mi B iix lipon incaciiiixx orpaAaancb HC oGmecTBeH-iiuc xoii(ti.iiiMi.i. a oTac.ibiiue miaeHiia h aHMHbie llcpCAHIiallHH, lipcaMCTHIJC ACT3J1H. OpraHinauHOH-iiijm ucHTpoxi aKMCii iMa eraao lioiHHKUiee b 1911 r. ii llercpoypic .iiircpaTypiioc of)bcjuiiienne «IJex no->m«i«.. laanin.iMii npeacramneaHMH ;>Toro HanpaR- ichiih öl.l iii iui i.....cpciiol'lllk llllhll I.III I VMHJItR (IXX6-I923), fulCCTHIllllll IIO.tT II ICopCTHK OcHII Man ic 11,1111 um (1891-1938) ii nixvrecca MiipoBoro HMCiiii \iina AvMiiloHa (18X8-1966). TBop'iccKaa ii aiiHHa« eyanfia AxMaroiioH eaoAHa ii iic'ia.n.iia llcpiibic cthxii ona coiaaeT b 10-bie ro-am iiauicio Bcxa, ii 30-we toam ee bosihh He nySan-xycTCH. B ;>ro npcMH fiua apecToiian ei.ni no3Tecci>i h ciioii erpaaaiiiiH ona onHcaaa b ho:imc «PekaueM», HancMaTaiiiioH amiii. Ii I98X i. lloiibie cthxii Axmbto-niill ihi ir. i ih111 i ho iipcMH BeaiiKoll OreMecTBCHHOH iioIIhi.i. ho ii 1946 i. iibicTynna e pc ikoIi kpirniKOH ee iio.i inn im i,humum cckpeiapi, iicinpaai.Horo komh-TCTa KoMMyHHCTiiHceKoll i m p i im A Kim in Oh npo-no iiaamacT ee TBopnceTBo kh/ia b npare. Ha HeMeuKyio OKKynaum MexocaoBaKHH OHa peariipoBaaa UHKaoM ctm« «Cmuxu k Hexuu» (1938). B 1939 r. nosTecca Bep aacb b CCCP, ho aßa roaa noj*e noKOHim e eoooii. B oTaimiie ot npo3paHHbix ctiixob A. Axii» roBoii, noD3H3 IaßeTaeBoir öojiee cjroAHa ii TeMai» necKH pa3HOo6pa3Ha. (DyTypH3M npeacTaBJiaa cofioio aHTepaiypin TeneHHe, KOTopoe B03HHKao b 1909 r. b HTaana. H ckhü cpyTypHiM ho hmcji o6meü nporpaMMN, e;uinoi rpynnbi. Bbiao HCTbipe ero paiHOBiiaHocTH, Hanö» aee 3HaMHTejibHWM hb/iMJiacb rpynna xyöiKpyTypi. ctob, oßparoBaBuiaaca b 1910 r. K Heft OTHoeimi B. MaaKOBCKHii n B. X. icoiihmhi TeopeTHqecKH (})yTypn3M oniipaeTca Ha ubopm aH3M. cDyTypiicTW 3KcnepiiMeHTiipyioT co cauBon HapymaiOT rpaMMaTHMecKHe npaBitaa, BbiayMUBam HOKbie caona n HOBbie KOHTpacibi. Ohh C03aaroTm» cipyKUHM, ocHOBaHHbie Ha Hrpe eo eaOBaMH, mtm-k)t hx layMHbiMH (3a yMOM - 3a paiyMOM). K com-aeiiiiio, ohh 0TKa3biBaK)tch ot aiiTepaTypHui TpaaHHiiii. OyTypHCTbi npRßeTCTBOBaaH penojiio-Uhio, T3K khk ee iiaew cooTBeTCTBOBaan hx öyirrap-cKOMy ayxy. PyeeKaH aiiTepaTypa KOHua 19-oro - Haia-na 20-oro BeKOB He roabKO OT^iHMaaacb oo/ibuiiiM xyaoB cTBeHiibiM pa3Hoo6pa3HeM, ho h hb/iaaacb Haie ro^bi llcpHOH MHpoBOfi BOiHOft, 4>CBpanbCK0l H OKTI-npi.ekoH penn iioiiimMH 1917 I olkpuBjcitH Kala i i|hm|>ii'iei.kau .»noxa 11 iiciopHii 20-oro Bcna IIa cTyiiaeT HpeMX xaoea, niviMTiiHecKofl oopi.i.i.i oAcero'iCHHiJX rMK'ii na (|ipourax ipaAianckolt hoAhu. HecMorpH Ha nn rparuMccknc coTinihm. ii l'iKiiiii. upcAae Bccro. iioc.ie 0n.Tn6p14.k0H peno iKiiillll I1)I7 1 , H|Xinexoiui öypnoc pa ihhtiic aiuc p.uypN I Ipn 10.1 Aacu h, lapoAaciiiuall 11 90 i.u 10 aax iipouiaoio iieka, npoiiccc niaiiMiiux na im hm II mca .in MO ICpilMlSIOM H piil IHIMOM. ii pCiy.ll.lalC 'inn ,iiii|)i|icpciiuiipycTea pcaaiiiM. Il.ip-.iiy c no-niicll. xoropaa 11 uauaac 20-i.ix roaon npco6;ia i.u-1. pa iiiiiiiaeich iiyfiauniiciiika, ip.ivi.n \ pi 111 ii ii|Mria. B ■RUM 20-nx roaoB aineparypHiali npoiiccc III lll'i.u'u II III hoch ic. ii.mo 60.11.111« > 11 i 11011. . b .II 1 Hop 'I.-.111.1 H.ipilN , IUI cp.ll ypill.lMII ll.llip.lll ICIIIIHMH luiuuik.io mmoio inicpaiypiibix ipyiiimpoBOk. koto-pi.ic cyiiiciiiioiia.nl .10 nauaaa W nix lo.iou .11 pimm iicKyccmtia. -nepeiuui" n ap). Ho um. leiiciiiio n irfiaaeni xyao»ecTBeiiiioll aiiTcpaTypbi iipoHH.mnvicH HMCuia-rcabcTHa noaiiTHHccKoro xa-pancpa. H napnillHbix aoxyMCHTax rpe6ycTcn. hto-6m niicaic.iii iicpciii.iii 11a CTopouy mimmiiih cTimcckoli iiaeo.ioi hu. MoacpniicTCKHC tcmciiiih m|)iiuuaai.Ho craan oTOAacci njiHTha c aekaacu-ctbom. MiTopoc cmiia.HKb npeaiiMM aaH oöuiecnia. TcpacTcii cTiiaiieTiineekiK- pa mmi6p;i ihc. niKTencH-110 npckpauiaioi cboc eymecnionaiiHC aincpaTypiiMC o6M:aiiiieiiiiH. Ba A111.1 m MoMcuroM 11 Ky.ii.TypiioH am ihm 20-mx roaonCTaao paiaeaeiine pyecKoll aincparypu Ha oxc-MCCTBciiHyMi ii iMiii paiiTckyHi. PyccKHC aone.iii naymi. airrcpaTypM h hckyecTBa. Koropuc hc npmiH .111 eoBeTckoli iiaaciii. yelAaHrr 1a rpaHHiiy. Ohh no-ccaHKrrcH b HapiiAc. liepaiiiie. Ilpare 11 eiKTaB-iiiHiT •ncpByKi 11.1 im .. pyecKoil .iMiupaiiiin C hhmh 11 laabiieiiuicM Clin lano paiuninc . 1111cp.11 _\pu p>c exoro lapyficAbji. K lU.IÜIII.IMHUM ll|XIUIIk.lM 20 mx io.|OU Ol iii) CIIICH I HIIIIHH laMHIIIII i IXX-J 1917) Oll lilllll'l Ih .i uicinncckiic iionccin. h kinopMx uip.iKH naA Hyk) poai. IMMmi i|xnecka h cainpu. boai.uioll MMic|xrc hm iii.i.i |xiMaii -Mu-, iiaiiiieaiiiiMll n 1920 i , im na pycckoM x iMkc niicpBMC onyO.Tiikoiiaii n lli.io llopkc ii I9S2 i Mo a.nipv |xikian c.icayei onici in k aiiiiiyroiiiiii B iicm onncMiiacicH ah im. 11 26 um ix-kc ii I . nun im i ik y i.i|k nie. 110 i. i.inc koiopoi o i um i y(o6|xi.icH ich. Bcc iiccb lapancc iiaymo o|x ami 10 ii.in., ipy.i. oi.ii.ix Ii uiac iiixxini, Jlmaii hmcioi nc iiMcua, a HOMcpa Bim\aa|Xinc uciimxhci |xiio.iu> iiiih. in• ihm im i.iii ich.i npi .hui iaiopi.1 ka IIICHbl u iiccm .iio.iHM ontopuiiiiiiio ycip.niciia i|>anianiH OiiiyiuaeicH n iciiii.i« fi iiium n, ii|x>ii uieaeiiiih k |x> m.my I .iki in .■Konen niiim.in uiiim». l'oMan 6m.i uociipniiHi kak uaMi|i.ici na coima an im ii ero iiyfi.TiikauiiH 614.1a iaii|X'inena. Ainopy npiiiu.TiK'b yllrn n .imih pauiini Vkicp n HapiiAc I uopiicck.iH c>.n.6a liopiua llu ii.iiuha 11X91 1937) ii MiioioM iioxoAa na eyab6y taMHinna Hc CMOipn na in. miooh hii;ihcich aHTopoM iiibccihoio poMana o pcuo/MoiiMH ■itviuü tdb» (1922) H I iicm iio.ith nipyci eraxiillHiKii. pcHoanmiiH. oh 6ua [x- iko packpiiTiikonaii aa npoiy -Kpainor deprao* (1929). B neu iiapncoiiaii ix'ipa i conpcMcunon ihx.ic|X'ho.iki i n m im in i Ii ic|X'iuiii. yka ii.iuaci. mo amimi. pyeckoll acpeiiiiii inikak nc mchhctch noa nainckoM iionoro npcMcini ii -lKian raM Ainiyi Kak ii 17-om bckc ABiop 6ua b 1937 i apccrxiiian n ii 1941 i. pac-cipc.iHii I Iix. ic 20 oi o ci.c tau Kl KT 6i.ii |x-.i6ii.in nipoiiaH. Ilpoia llii.ibiiHka caoAiia noi|xipMC. airrop m pa ct eo caonoM. ynirrpcfianeT apxan imm ii Aapi onin- MM B XyaOACCTIX'HHMll TCKCT Kill Villi opill Itll.l. 1 hlllJC aokyMciiiM (kiuiiaiiiiiiH. iniiaiM in lax-r. iiiici.Mal. Mai in uiiiaiciH Miicini|>HHiip>ci K ayMiiiiiM iiiicaic.iHM ii.i'i.i i.i iiauicio ncka npii naa.ieAin Hcaiik Imöc n. (1X94 1940). Oh laiuiMaci aixioliiiix- MCCIO HC IO.ll.kO n iiciopmi pycckoü. 56 57