PyccKüH Jiumepamypiiew KpumuKa _WHl-ncmajia XX eexa 1 B OtiptMC.ICMHM TpeX MCTOMHMKOB MCTHHHOH n033HM IbrOJlb, no BCeň BH- ;immocth, oiiMpaeTC» Ha nosHUHK) H.M. KapaM3HHa, KOTopwň noüoßnbiM 06-pa«3M onpeac.iM.i naiafla hckohhoíí pyccKOÍÍ o6pa30BaHHOCTH. 1 Pcsb HjicT 06 «Oae 6^a>KeHHbifl naMHTH íbcyflapbiHe MMnepaTpnue Anne KOMNOMM na noôcay Hafl TypKaMH h TaTapaMH h Ha B3HTHe XoTHHa» (1739) M.B. JloMOHocoBa. 1 11 n i .11.1 H3 nocjiaHHH A.C. riyiiiKHHa «)KyKOBCKOMy» (1818). 'ÄanHoe cyjtcaeHHe IbrojiH hbho nepemiHicaeTCH co cthxotbopchhcm ľlyiii-Klina «3xo» (1831). 5 ľloflpa lyMCBaioTCfl «rioBecTH EejiKMHa» ľlyujKHHa (1831) * «McTopHH cena TopioxHHa* riyuiKHHa (1830) npH nepBoií nyGflHKanMn b «CoiipL'MCHiiHKC» (1837) hoch/m na »Banne «PyKonHCb cefla lopoxHua». «Uap-CKHH apan» - HeotcoHieuHbifi poMan 1 IyiiiKitiia «Apan ľleTpa BaiHKoro» (1827). ' PcMHHHCiicHUHH M3 81.I.UIM poM3Ha b CTHxax «EßreHHÜ OHeran» A.C. ilyiij-Klina: A nepefl hum Boo6pa*eHbe Cboh necTpwň MeweT cpapaoH. * BflanHOM c/iywae R>ro;ib cjieayeT 3a rojikouaiuicM. KOTopoe aaji pyccKowy ciuiaflyyvta M.M. CucrHpeBbKHHre«PyccKHebcbohxnocjioBHuax»(M., 1832). BHCCAPHOH rPHrOPbEBHH 6E/1HMCKHH (181 1 — 1848) riJETA TE.ÍECKOII1Í. É BJ. Ec/IIIHCKHH 6blJl CbllIOM (J)flOTCKOrO Bpa'ia h BiiyKOM cbmiiichhhkh. noenc BblXO-aa b OTCTaBKy oTua ccMb« nocejiwiacb b npo- HHIUlHä/lbHOM IOpoaKC MeMÖap ľlCH 3CHCKOH ryoepuMii. Okohmhb rieH3cncKoe yinnHiuc, a 33TCM rHMHa3HK), BCJIHHCKMII CT3J] CTyilCH-TOM CVIOBCCMOrO OTACJICHHH (})H;iOCO(|)CKOrO (JiaKy^bTCTa MocKOBCKoro ynHBcpcHTCTa (1829-1832). B 1832 r. oh 6un hckjiiomch H3 yiiHBcpciiTCTa «no onaGoMy smopoBMO H npii- TOM no OrpaHHMCHHOCTH CnOCOÖHOCTCH». B 1833 r. Bc/ihhckhh cG/ih3h;ich c Kpy>KKOM CľaHKeBH'ia, na'iaji 3HaKOMHTbCH c ncMeu-Koft loiaccM'iecKori (punococpHCH, r;iy6oK0 ""•» HiynaTb 3CTeTHicy h Teopmo caobcchocth. JlHTcpaTypnaH aeHTe^bnocTb BcnmicKoro b KaMCCTBc ncpcBo/i'iiiica, pc-ucH3CMTa h KpHTHKa Hanaiacb b acypHane H.H. Haacxamia «TcflccKon» b 1834 r. Ero kphthmcckhm acöioTOM crafl uhiüi «JlHTcpaTypiiuc Mcrra-HHH (3flCTHH b npo3e)» (1834). Bccro3a flBac HcôoflbuiHM rcyia onoiiyô- JlHKOBafl TaM CBblllie 100 CTaTCH, DCUCH3HH, oC)30pOB, MMCTOK. B cTaTbc «0 pyccKoŕí tlOBCCTM h noBCCTHx r. ľbro;in» (1835) Bcamhc-KHH noiibiTa^cH caonaTb buboam o pycCKott jíHTcpaTypc ti ncKyccrec b UMOM, noapo6nooxapaKTcpn30Bantbop'icctbo A. BccTy*CBa-Map;iMH-CKoro, H. nojieBoro, H. naBJíoBa, H.Jla*ciHHKOBa. M. SarocKMua. am rfly6oKnií H oöTjC kth bi i i >i i i aHa/iH3 tbopmcctbíi ľoroAH - linearen« «*h j- HMaCHCTBHTCflbHOM» H OÖTjHBHA CIO r.iaBOii HOBOH pyCCKOH flHTCpaTypbl HiaBHue flocTOHHCTBa JiHTcpaTypbi im» Mononoro IQMRMBi - ncpiiocn. •ICHCTBHTC.IbHOCTH H HapOflHOCTI». ff^MHOHIMMIB ■XNOl nJ\H IlOHM-MaHHH HOBblX npHHUHnOB AypHaflHCTHKH H KpMTHKH BMMMBOBO CTMÄ erocraTbH «Hhmto o hmmcm» (1835) - nepBHl* onwT roAOBoro 06»pa. B 1836 r. 3a nyoViHKauMio .(pHAoccKpMwccKoro nncbMa» n.H. Maa-JacBa «TcviecKon» 6wa 3aicpbiT h Bcahhckhh oKaiaAC» hc y nen: nu-Taflc» rae-TO npncTponTbCH, HanHcaji yic6nnK no rpavtMaTMKC, npc-noaaßaj] pyccKHü h3uk b Kohct3hthhobckom mcjkcbom HMCTUTyre. B 1838 r. oh Hanaji paĎOTatb b xypHanc «Mockobckhh iiaöaioAaTCflb». 447 PyccKdH AumepamypHiiH Kfiutmuet _XVIII — HamiAa XX HI. 1,1 II f IK K11 If rač cran BcayuiMM kpmtmkom. iloc/ie npcKpameHH« H3ä3hhh «Moc-kobckoio na6jnoflaTc;iH» b 1839 r. Bcjimhckhh 6biJi iipMDiawcH b ľle-Tcp6ypr A.A.KpaciKKHM b ripno6peTeHHbiií h peopraHH30BanHbitt hm xypna^ «Ore'iecTBeHHbie 3anncKH». B «OTenecTBeHHbix 3anHCKax» obům onyGjíHKOBaHbi cTaTbH KpHTHKá o ľlyuiKHHe, JlepMOHTOBe, Ibro-;ie, rojioBuc o6o3pe»MH JiMTepaTypu c 1840 no 1845 n, hmcbujhc npo-rpaMMHOC 3HalicHne juih ocMbícneHHH coBpevieHHoro eMy JiMTepaTyp-noro npouecca h BbipaôoTKH npnHUnnoB peajiMcnmecKoií sctctmkh. Bna-ia/ic 1846 r. Bcjihhckhm yiiieji H3 «OTeiiecTBCHHbix 3anncoK» H3-3a imciíHbix n Ä&noBbix kohko xynojKCCTBenHoc, cKo;ibKo yienoe, KOTopoc oTpa3HJiocb h Ha ero no- 3HH, ItC.'k'.'IC I BHC CTO JIOXHblX nOHHTHH 06 HCKyCCTBC CmibHUH aB- TopHTCT ero 6e3aapHbix nocjieaoBaTc/ieti, h3 kohx MaBHCMiuMMM f>u.in CyMapoKOB m XepacKOB, nojuiepaca* h npo;icwi*HJi jto nanpawienMc He HMefl HM MCKpbl l'CHMH JlOMOHOCOBa, 3TH JHOAH HíWIbaOBa^HCb MC MCHbUJHM H Cíne MyTb m HC ÔOJIbUJMM, 'leM OH, aBTOpMTCTOM m coo6- mmiM lOHOii ^HTcpaType xapaKTep mnotcejio-nedoHmuHecKuu. CaM ücp-ucaBHH ian;iaTmi, k HecnacTMio, cahujkom 6o^bujyio aanb jroMy Ha-iipaHnenMio, wpe3 >ito mhoio noBpeaH/i m cboch caMoGuthoctm m cboc-My ycnexy b noroMCTBe. BaieacTBHe 3toto HanpaaneHMH ^HTcpai-ypa pai/itrimiacbna «oüy» h «3nH'iecKyio, himko iepon riOTOM TO^bKO M OHblUIHO 6bU10, K3K H3111 H JllipilKH, yniWÜHil, Oih- nenueM, no m.ip.i/KĽ 11 n io oaHoro H3 hhx, b cbomx iTWMoiviacHUx ouix BjanycKH 3acTaBJiH^n mmcambpeKu u CKOKambxomu... 3ro 6buio Mau-Hoe, xapaKTcpHCTHMCCKoe HanpaBjícHHe; ciuc Toraa *e m iiocjic 6u;ih h apyrne, xoth h He cTOJib cHjibUbie: KpwiOB poxian TbMy 6acnoiiMcucB, OlCpOB - TpamKOB, ^KyKOBCKHÍÍ - Ga/UiajlMCTOB, BniOlIlKOB - 3JIC- rwcTOB. Caobom, Kaxabiií 3aMeiiaTe^bHbiH Tanairr 3acraM>ui luiHcan. noa cboio nynay mmm 6e3aapnbix nHcaTCJieíí. Eme bck ™*cjioro cxo- I.K I II 11II i\l.i HC KOHMHJICH, CIUC OH 6bU\, K3K rOBOpHTCH, BO BCCM CIKK'M piurapc, KaK KapaM3HH ochobm HOByio uiKoay, aan aiiTcpaTypc hoboc HiinpaiuícHHc, KOTopoe, Biia>iane, orpaHMHMJio cxojiacTiiiiHJM, a bhoc-acacTBHH coBcpuieuHo yöHJio ero. Bot iTiíiiiiuiH h itc.'in'i.i(iuian 3aoiyra 3TOrO HaiipaBJICHHfl, KOTOpOC GblJIO HyttHO H nOACJHO K3K pcaKUHH H BpcAHo KaK HanpaBjícHHe noxHoe, KOTopoc, cflc^aBuiH cboc ncno, TpcGoBano, b cboio 0'icpc.ab, cn^bHoŕí peaKUHH. flo npHMHiic oipoMno-ro h flccnoľHMccKoro bahxhhh KapaM3Hna h MHOTOCTOpoHHrefl ero flHTepaTypnoňaeHTe^bnocTH, hoboc HanpaBncHHcao^roTflroTc^o h naa HCKyccTBOM, m HdR nayKoií, h nan xofloM nncí\ h ofiiuccTBCHHoro o6pa-•OBaiiHH. XapaKTep 3Toro HanpaßJtCHH» coctoha b cenmuMeiimaibHoc-mu, KOTopa« 6bwa oahoctopohhhm OTpaxeHHCM xapaicrepa CBponcHC-Kofl ^HTcpaTvpbi XVIII BeKa. B to bpcmh, Koraa 3TO cenmuMcnma.iMoe "anpaortCHHc 6bmo bo bccm UBCTy cbocm, )KyKOBCKMH bbc^ .iHTcpa- TypHblH MUCmUUU3M, KOTOpblíí COCTOH^ B Meimame.lbHOCmU. COCAM- "CHiioH c jio)KHbiM (j)cinmacmuwcKUM, ho KOTopwň, b caMOM-To utne, 6W.1 HC >ITO HHOe, KaK HeCKO-UbKO B03BbllllCHHblH, y.iy'INICHHWH m nofl- HORncHHbiii cenmuMeHmajiu3M, » xoth nopoJiH^ TbMy oeinapnwx noa-Pa*aTeacH, ho 6biJi bcjihkhm uiaroM Bnepeji*. C no iohmhu BToporo h HMeio b BKay HanpaBJíeiiMe, npoHiBc.iemmc hm na .iktc-I^Typy. a hc oucHKy ero /iHTcpaTypHwx 3acnyr. pa3yMC» ero 6ajuiuM m mh.ioc mmc-0 0PHr'iHaflbHbix ntec, a He ncpcBonbi booôiuc, kotopumm iiauia .iiiTcpnyp* no c"PaBC^HBOCTM rOpüHTCH. - (ľlpUM. iwmopu) { 448 449 PyccKOH Aumepamypuan tcpu»,,,, _XVIII liata jig XX \ |)| I.I.IIIIK KHÍ1 flCCMTMJICTMH XIX BCK3 COBepWCHHO KOHHMJiaCb 3T3 OHHOOÔpajHOCTb R naupaBJícHHH TBop'iecKoíí fleHTe^bHOCTH: JíHTepaTypa p336ex3aacb no paJHUM aoporaM. Xoth orpoMHoe bjihhhhc ľlyiiJKHHa (KOTopuii, cica-xcm MHMOXoaoM, cocTaBJíHeT, Ha nycTbiHHOM HeôocicriOHe Haujeň au-IMNrrypU, b m cctc c fle pxa b m h bi m h rpn6oenoBbiM, noKseanHCTBeimoc nojTM'iccKoc cojBC3flne, GaecTHmee mu BeKOB) h 3TOMy nepMoay Ha-ujcH cnoBccHOCTH cooöuiMao KaKoíi-TO o6wmm xapaKTcp, ho, Bo-nep-Bbix,caM llyuiKHH ôbiji camuKOM pa3HOo6pa3CH BTOHax h (J)opMaxcbohx lipOHJBCilCHHÜ, [10TOM, BJIHHHHC CTapblX 3BT0pMTCT0B CHIC HC nOTCpH-JIO CBOeft CHJIbl, H, HaKOHCU, 3H3KOMCTBO C CBpOnCÍÍCKHMH JíHTcpaTy- paMH noKa3ano HOBUe poaw n hobhA xapaKTep HCKyccTBa. BMcere c nojMoii nyuiKiiHCKOH) noHBHJiHCb — poMaH, noBecTb, ^pa.Ma, ycnatiaacb saern« m ne 6buiH 3a6biTbi — 6ai^aaa, ona, 6acHH, asxe c3M3h sKaora m MiliumHH. TcnepbcoBceM He to: Tenepb bch HswaaMTepaTypa npeiipaTiiaacbB pOMSM m noBCCTb. Oiia, siiHMecKaa no3M3, 63üJiaU3, 6acHH, aaxc ran na3biBacMaH, müh, ayMiue cKa3aTb, Ta k Ha3biBaBUjaflCH poMunmimecKa» noma, nosMa nyuiKUHCK.au, 6biB3ao naBoaHflBiiiaH m iioToruiHBinaH iiaím iíHTepaTypy, — Bce sto Tenepb hc 6oabLue, k3k BocnoMHHaHHC o Ká- KOM-TO BCCCilOM, HO iiaBHO MHHyBUICM BpCMCHH. PoMaH BCe yÔHil, BCC noraoTHa, a noBecTb, npHUje/miaH BMecTe c hmm, H3raaaHaa aa*c h Ciieiibi Bcero SToro, h caM poMaH c no-ľreHHeM nocTopoHimcH m aaa cfi iiopory BncpeaM cc6h. <...> B WM xe 3aKJiio>)aeTCH npMMHHa stom o6iucií noTpcÔHOCTii, aToro rocnoiicTByiouicro iiyxa BpcMeHH, KOTopbie Bce /iHTepaTypu noaBcan noii (Jiop.wy poManoB h noBecTen? ľl033HH ÄByMH, TaK CKa3aTb, CnOCOÖaMM OÔTjCMJieT M BOCnpOH3BO" AMT HBiicHMH XH3HH. 3th cnocoôbi npoTHBonoaoaaibi oiiMH apyrouv XOTH BCiiyr ic oíihom uean. ÍIost hum nepeco3iiaeT >KH3Hb no coôctbch-HOMy Miicaiiy, 33BHCHiiieMy ot o6pa3a ero B033pcnM» Ha Bemn, ot cio OTHOĽJCHHii K MHpy, K BCKy H HapOJiy, B KOTOpOM OH XHBCT, HJ1H BOC" npoM3BOiiHTee bo Bceň cc HaroTe m hctmhc, ocraBsacb BcpeH bccm noa-poöHocTHM, k p.u' K.i m m oireHKaM ee ÄCiícTBHTejibHOCTM. ľlo3TOMyno-33HIO mo)kho pa3.uejiHTb Ha üBa, Ta k CKa3aTb, OTjj.eaa — na udewibHyio* peajibHyto. <...> TpyuHo 6biao 6bi pciiJHTb, KOTopoň H3 HHX jjoaxHO oTiiaTb npc HMymecTBO. MojKeT 6biTb, KaamaH m3 hmx paBHa apyroň, Koriia yaou-iieTBopacT yc iDiin h m TBopwccTBa, to ecTb Koraa udewwHan rapMOHiiP) eT c MyBCTBOM, a peaibnaa — c hcthhoio npeacTaBaHeMoM ckd *h3HH Ho KaxeTCH, ito nocaeanHH, poaiiBLusacsi BcaeacTBiie ayxa Hauie"10 450 noaoxHTeabiioro bdcmchm, 6oaee yaoaaeTBopHCTcro rociioacTHyioiucH^ llOTpcClIOCTM. BlipO'lCM, 3ÜCCb MHOľO 3H3MMT H MHilHBMiiyailbHOCTb HKy- ca. Ho, KaK 6u to hm 6bmo, b Haine iipcMH Ta m iipyra« panno bojmox- Hbl, paBHOÜOCTynHbl M nOHMTHbl BCCM; HO, CO BCCM 3TMM, HOC.ICatlHH ecu. no npcHMyuiccTBy no33Hn Hauiero bpcmchm, 6oíicc (iohhih.ui m AOCTynHafl íui« Bcex h Kaxaoro, 6oaee coraacHan c ayxoM m noTpcÖHo- CTHK) HaillCIO BpCMCHM. <...> Mtuk. (|)opMa m yciioBMH poMana yiioOnec íuih iiojthmcckoio upca-cTaBaciiMH 'icaoBCKa, paccMaipMBacMoro b othoiuchmh k oôiucctbch-hoh a n u i n. m bot, MHe K3)KCTCH, TaiíHa ero HcoôwKHOBciiHoľo ycncxa, croĎciycjioBiioro BJiaabmccTBa. Ho noBecTb? Ee 3H34chmc, Taiina cc BaaabľiccTBa, Tcncpi, accrio- TH'ICCKOľO, CBOCHp3BHOrO, HC TCpnHUlCIO COllCpHM'ICCTBa? HtO THKOC M flau McrosTa noiiccTb, 6c3 KOTopoü KH11KK3 xypnaaa ecTbTO xc, froöbui 6bJ MCJ10BCK B OÔUieCTBC 6C3 C3H0r H TdJICTyKa, 3T3 ÍIOBCCTb, KOTOpy» TC- ncpi, Bcc iinuiyT h bcc mmtsiot, KOTop3H BouspM^acb m b Ďyayapc cbctc- KOÍl KBHIIIHHbl M Ha ÍIHCbMCHHOM ČTOUC SariMCHOľO yiCHOlO, H3K0HCH, Tra noBCCTb, KOTopa« K3K 6yďľo BbiTccHMii3 caMbiH poMaH?.. Koraa-To H rac-To ôbiao npcKpacHO ck333H0, 1ito *noeecntb ecmt, wuioa ui focnpe ôe.ibiiou noíMM, cydeô He/ioeeieacux». 3to o'icnb itcpno; aa, noBCCTb — paciianiiiHiicH h3 msctm, HaTbicH'iM 'lacrcii, poM3H; raaiw Bbipiwunan Ma poMana. <...> EcTbcoöbiTHH, ccTbcay'ian, KOTopwx, TaxcxaiaTb, iicxna-Tnao 6bi Ha apaMy, hc CTaao 6i>i na po.wan, ho KOTopuc rayooKM, koto- PblC BOaHOM MrilOBCHMM C0CpCa0T0'IHB3IOTCTOabKO AH )HI1, CKOabKO HC MmiITb CC B BCK3: noBCCTb aOBMT MX M 3aiCaiOMaCT B CBOH TCCHblfl paMKH. EC (popwa MOJKeT BMCCTHTb B CC6c BCC, 'ITO XOTHTC, - M .'ICI'KIIM O'ICpK upaitoB, n KoaKyio capK3CTHiiccKyio H3CMCujKy naa 'icaoitcKOM m oGuíc-ctbom, h rayöoKoe T3HHCTBoayiuM, m ACCTOKyio Hrpy CTpacTcíi. <...> HTaK — MapaHHCKHii, Ohocbckhü, noroaMH, HoacBoii, HaiLioß. ľoroab — 3aecb noaHbiM Kpyr hctopmm pyccKoii hobcctm. — rioa-»uii, mo)kct 6biTb, wcpccMyp iioaHbiií; ho h roBopna laccb o bccx noBC-cthx, b K3KOM 6bi to HH ôbiaoOTHOUJCHHM (ípiiMCMaTcabHUX, a 3Ta npii- ^CMaTCabHOCTb COCTOHT He B OaHOÍÍ XyaOACCTBCHHOCTH, HO M BO BOC-MCHH I10HB.1CHHH, H BO II. DIU II HII. XOpOUJCM Witt flypHOM, Ha ailTCpaTy- Py. H b ôoabuicH nan MCHbincii CTcncHH TaaaHTa, H. h3kohcu, b c3mom xapaKTcpc h H3Hp3Bacniiii. 111 m \ic i ii hli 11 h i.iľ MHOK) aBTopu aoa*Hbi 6blTb ynOMHHyTbl B HCTOPMM pyCCKOlí nOBCCTM, no BCCM 3TMM OTHOUJC- hh«m, h cyTb HCTHHHbie ee npcacT3BMTcaH. OapyrMX, KOTopwx mhoto, WCHb MHOľO, yM;LTlHB3K), MÖO, npH BCCX CBOMX aOCTOHHCTBaX. OHM HC KacaioTCH npcaMCT3 Mocii cTSTbii, h noTOMy ncpexoxy k Toroaio. <...> 451 HHKO/TAH A/IEKCEEBHH HEKPACOB (1821—1877) COBPEMEHHMKT) 1857 A? I miiAPi. H.A. HeKpacoB Boinea b HCTopHnq MeCTBCHHOH aHTepaTypbl He TOIbKO K3KK J1HKHM n03T, HO H K3K OpraHH3aT0p.lVIL, aHTepaiypHbix chji, M3aaTeab xypna «CoßpeMeHHHK» (1846—1866) h «Otc* CTBeHHbie 3anHCKH» (1868— 1877). Jlina TypHO-KpHTHHecKaK MacTb ero mop ro HacaeaHH Ha stom (poHe cpaBHHTciw: HeBejiHKa. KpHTMHecKaa aeirrejibHomH: KpacoBa Haqajiacb b «OTewecTBeHHUv | nwcKax» b 1842 r. CaMOH 3HaHHTejlbHOH aHTCpj: KpHTHHeCKOH paÔOTOH HeKpaCOBa CTiti CTaTbH «PyccKwe BTopocreneHHbie ncorv (1850), b KOTopoňoH yKa3ajT Ham cnpaBcjuiHBo 3a6biT 3aMeqaTeabHbiH nosT, aBTop tpHaocoie, nayMHbie, KpHTHHecKHe nyöjiHKauHH pasaHMHbix xypHiw e rn He> HaiuaamepaTypa, B03HHKiuan » yicpcnnBiiiancH h caMoc Koponcoc BpcMH, iiaxoanroi yxc tin toh CTenciiM, Kor/ia n ihiiih.ih i|mi| HCCK0.1I.K0 flCTTOMy naiaa npM ouchkc aitTcpaTypnoro npoinncaciiiiH npcxac bccio oßpaiuaaii BHHMaiine 11a caor, riOTOMy mto xopouwH caor ftu.i hiiichh cm pcaKHM; Tcncpb xc noopMy, mto naimcaTb Tt-iicpi. raaacHbKoc cthxotbopchhc cyMCCT bchkhh, aaaaciouiHH r hcko-TopoH CTcnenH McxaHM3MOM HibiKa; h noTOMy raiUKOCTb m ripamni. HOCTb CTHXa HC COCTaMHIOT y)KC B HaillC lipCMH HM MajlCHlIICľO nOCTO-HMCTBa, a Ta K (UTK CTHXOTBOpiiaH (J)OpMa HCIipCMCHHO CTCCHHCT aiiTopa. hc RMKynaH HcaocTaTKOB ero nponiBcacnnH, to ncci.Ma houhtmo. mid npow, 6oacc aocTynnan no (JiopMC, npcacraRaHCT 6oacc npocropa cro yMy. R3ra«ay tin bciuh h na6aioaaTcabHOCTM, na Koropuc oftpaftoraM HOCTb H3blKa HC HMCCT IU1HVIHMH H KOTOpbIC COCTaMHIOT MCOTMM/IC- wyio, aHMiiyio npMHaaaoKiiocTb nHcaTca»... Bot raaBna« npiiMHiia, noMCMy hct cthxob Booftmc Homcmv hct nopouiHx cthxob, TOMyapyra« npiiMnna: hct no jthmcckhx tbviahtob wim hxCJ1HU1K0M Maao h ohh tbk>kc o6paTiiancb k npoic ■ ■ I'cncpi. »110 xa noaoxHTeabHa«. Kaxabitt aHTcpaTop cctcctbchho xomct himcmi. Haiiooabiiiyio nwroay »i3 cBocroTaaartTa. a npit bcco6ihcm paBiioayuiHn ^ CTIIXaM II npil IICHOlMOXvHOCTH Mlioro nHCaTI.CTHX.IMH. kOHCMHO. lipo a npcacrraaiHeT 6oace yaoôcTB b jtom othouichhh <...> M coiHaBau. ""o b name bpcmh ToabKO no3THMCcKHH Ta-nairr. pamisift iiyiiiKmu k«> My, Mor 6bi aocraBHTb aBTopy h Caaßy h Menbeu, oh tipcanoMHTacr pat nopnairrbCH UHaMe: no3THMCCKyio ncKpy cbok) pa iBoaHT on 11a mhoxc-cn» npoiaHMccKHx craTCH; oh nnujcT noBCcm, peueTOHM, (J)CJtbrroMU h. noayia» 3a hhx c xypHaawcroB xopomuc acubni. 6« coxa.iciiHH 511 PyccKdH JiumepamypHan KpumuKa _XVIII-uauajia XX «.■.„ H H H y TCX I103T0B, KOTOpbIC C3MM He MOI7IH 6blTb pa3ÖOpMHBblMH CyHí- ;i m n cBoero TanaHTa, noMoxeT 6yaymeMy ncTopnKy pyccKoň awTi-pan pu, to mu 6yacM BnoaHe B03Harpa>naeHbi. <...> HecMOTpa Ha 3araaBne HauíMX CTaTeň («PyccKHe «mopocm«-nemibie noSTH»), mu peiiiHTeabHO othochm Ta^aHT r. O. T—ßa k p>c-ckhm nepBOCTeneHHbiM no3TM'iecKHM TajiarrraM n noBTopneM to.uko iaccb Hauie coxaaeHwe, mto oh Hanncaa cjihujkom Majio. <...> 3aicaio'iHM HamycruTbioxejiaHHeM, moöbi CTHXOTBopenMn r.O.T.6bun n laanid orae^bHo: mm MoxeM pynaTbcn, hto 3Ty MaaeubKyio khidkcto KiUK/lblH JIlOOHTCJlbOTCieCTBeHHOH JIMTepaTypbl nOCTaBHTBCBOeiiOHfrlMO- TĽKepHAOM c jiymiMMH npoiuBeaeHMHMH pyccKoro no3TMiiecKoro reHHH nPHMEHAtlHH Biii-piiMc ony6;iHKOB;iHo b xypHaae «CoBpeiueHHHK» (1850, N?l). ľlciaia CTCH c coKpauicHHHMH no inaaimio: HeKpacoe H.A. riojiH. co6p. COH B 15t. -T. 11. —JI.", 1990. 1 HcKpacoH npiiBojiMT b craTbe CTMXOTiiopeHMH üCMCTBMTe/ibHO BTopocrcncH-iiwx II03TOB - r. H.Cn. (no3ra H. Cnnraa30Ba), H.CoaH-na (BACojiohmuhiu -nojra n iicpcBoamiKa), r. JlHiaitaepa (KOK Mo^oflbix moneto, yßjic- 'ICHMblX HilCHMM COUHajIbHOH CnpaBCiUlHBO- CTH h npco6pa30BanHH MHpa. B 1834 r. mho-mc H3 i m v obrnu apecTOBaubi, b 1835 r. Teplicu 6bui Bbicvian b ľlepMb «noacTporoc na- dlK);iCHHC Ha'UUIbCTBa», 33TCM IICPCBCACH B BwTKy h TO^bKo Hepc3 TpH roaa no xonaTari-aBy B.A. yKvKOBCKoro eMy pa3pcujH^H nc-pCCtnHTbCH bo B/iaoMMMp. HaHHiiaflc 1840r. [^pueHCOTpyaHHHaa B^ypna^c «Oic-icctbchhijc uiiiHCKM» noa hccbuohhmom McKaiwep, rac 6w\h onyGanKomiiM cro nopiibíc xy/ioxecTBeHHbie npon3BCiieHHfl: «3ariHCKH oanoro Moaoaom HcioBCKa» (1841 —1842), hobcctm «floKTop KpynoB» (1846) h «('opo-u-BopoBKa» ( 1846 ), poMaH «Kto BHHOBaT?» (1847). B HHBape 1847 r. TepueH c ceMbcíí yexaa bo Opanunio, hc oconia-MH, mto noKHjiacT poüHHy HaBceraa. B 1850 r. oh otbcthji otkbwm h» TpCÖOBaHHC IipaBMTCJlbCTBa B03Bp3THTbCH B POCCHK) H, lipVtHHB IIIBCH- uapcKoc rpaxcnancTBO, CTaa noaHTii'iecKMM 3MHrpaino\i BneMaTJiCHMM OT BCTpC'IH C pCBOaiOUHOHHOŕi EBponoíí H MyOOKHH ayXOBHblH KpH nie "HcaTcao Hamaw OTpaxeHwe b ero «ÜHCbMax H3 OpamiHH h Ht&ihm» (1847—1852), UHKjie «C Tora 6epera» (1847-1850) h iipyrMX npoMiK-iCHHHx. Haeaau couHaabHovi cnpaBcaviMBOCTH, jihmhoh cboooäu, Kyab-i?PHoro nporpecca, BaoxHOBaHBiune TepueHa. b neHcTBMTCabHocTM "•uuaancbyTonHeii. 3a paJO-iapoBaHMCM b npcacHHx Haeaaax nocicao-w^a aHMHaa apaMa: oh noTepaa MaTb, Maaauiero cwna n *cny. Bciio-M»na« coobiTHH 1847-1852 rr., TepueH nncaa: «Bcc pyxiiy^o - oOuicc h "lacTHoe, CBponciicKaH pcBoawuHH m aoMauJHHÍi KpoB. CBoOoaa Miipa m iHMHoe CHacTbe». B Haqaae 50-x rr. rmcaTeab o6paT»wcfl k mucium o Pt*CMM - crrpaHe, chocoöhoh opraHimccKH bociipmhiiti, jivmuihc aoe-WWHHH MHpOBOH KyabTypbi h nporpcccHBHUC noaHTH-iecKHc wich, og 517 PyccKüH JiumepamypnaH Kpumm pyccKOM napoae, xHByweM caMo6biraoH «oöiuhhhom» XH3Hbio. Ho boč noHHMaHHc oTCMecTBeHHOíí HCTopMH Hauiao OTpaxeHne Bero pa- ÔOTC «0 paíBMTHH pCBOahOUHOHHblX VÍRtVl B POCCHH» (1851), Tue 3Ha- •iHTC/ibHoe BHMMaHHC 6buio yaeaeHO p33bhtmk) nporpeccMBHoit oöujc ctbchhom Mbic^H, a TaioKe aaHbi apKHe nopTperbi nHcaTcneii, Kpimi KOB, oömecTBCHHbix aeHTeaeň: ľlyuiKMHa, JlepMOHTOBa, Ibrojwi, 4aa-aaeBa, Bc/iMHCKoro m apyrax. Ocenbio 1852 r. TcpueH BMecTe c ceMbefi nepeexaa b JIohüoh, ran 1853 r. ocHoiuui BoabHyio pyccKyioTOnorpa(J)HK) (b 1865 r. - nepeBcic na b LU Be ii napu K)), a b 1855 r. npnerynna k H3aaHHK) aibMaHaxa «llo-;inpnaH jBcaaa». Ha oôJioxKe anbMaHaxa 6braH H3o6pa>KeHbi npajin.™ hutu KajHCHHbix acKaôpncTOB, a nporpaMMHoií ue/ibio - «pacnpocr-paiicHHe b Pocchh CBo6oflHoro o6pa3a Mbicaeii». C 1857 r. TepueHH OiapcB npMCTyľiHjiH k Bbinycicy ra3eTbi «Kojiokoji», Ha 10 JieTaaBUJCn 1 Lim i i>i m peBOjiiouHOHHbiM neqaTHbiM opraHOM. «KoaoKoa» buxo/jw I- 2 pa3a b MecHuc 3nnrpacpOM «Vivos voco!» — «3oBy >KHBbix!», a 3aTeM «3cm-au h bo/ih», mo OTpaxaao counaabHO-noaHTMwecKHe naearibi us.wc ncPi. nocaeaHne roau >kh3hm IepueH npoaoaxaa paöoTy Haa r/iaBHUv TpyaoM cBoeü >km3hh — khhi-oh «Ebiaoe h ayMbi», HanaTofi eine b hi Mane 1850-x rr. B neu cnHTe3npoBaHbi naeiiHbie noncKM h xyaoxeaBcii Hbie OTKpbiTHfl nHcaTcaa h nyôjTHUHCTa, 0Tpa3HBUJnecH bo Bcex cto Kpynubix npoH3BeaeHHHx. CMepTbnoMemajia repueHy saBepLUHTbcno* Klímy. On ckohhcUich b napHxe b Hanaae 1870 r. O i>kchhh cto-mo iipaBHTCJTbCTBo; OTHbme paaoM c hhm naeT übophhctbo. <• ■> BcKope nocjie bohhu b oöiuecTBCHHOM mhchhh oôHapyxmacb 6o.ii>-DM iiepcMCHa. iBapfleiícKHe m apMeňcKHe cxpwuepbi, xpaöpo noncraai«»-mne rpyab noa HenpHHTeabCKHe nyan, 6biaH yxs He tok noKopHbi, Hei» cioBop-iHBbi, KHK npeacK. B oömecTBe craan nacro npoflBJíflTbca pwuap-kmc 'ivBCTBa MecTM n aHMHoro aocTOHHCTBa, HeBeaoMbie ao Tex nop p>«^' apHCTOKpaTMH aneoeiicKoro nponcxoxaeHna, BO3HeceHH0íí Haa Hapa** Mn.iocTbiorocyaapeH. Braxe BpeMaaypHoeynpaaneHne, npoaaJKHOCTb-nf HOBHI1KOB, nojnmcíicKHíi rHeTCTíuiH Bbi3biBaTbBceo6uinH ponor CaM canap *caaa yaynueHHŕi, ho He 3Haa, KaK npHcrynMTb k hmm. <• <...> 518 A.M. TEPUEH Jlioan jncprM'iHbie n cepbC3Hbie hc craan xjiim, oKon'ianMH jthx HCCOblTO'lllblX lipOCKIOM, OHM yaOHjlĽTBOpMJlMĽb CMyiMUM IRMOIKUI. ciiioM h nocTapaiiHCb BOcnoab30BaibCH hm iio-HHoMy. Ohm kuvvixui coiaaTb óojibinoe Tanitoc oöuicctbo. 3to o6uicctbo ao;i*iio 6biao ja- iiiM.II Iii >l HOJIMTMMCCKMM BOCIlHTaUMCM MOaoaOľO IIOKO/ICHMM, paCII(X)- cipaHHTb naem CBOöoabi h TiuaTc^bno M3yiaTb c^oauum iwnpoc paaw-KiUibHoii h noaHOH pc(|)opMi>i o6pa3a npau/ieHHH b Píkcmh. Hcyaouoab-ciiioHaiiuiHci. oanoM aHiubTeopucn, ohm b to yne h|K'mh optánu mna m CHOC OÖIUCCTBO TaKMM OÖpa30M, HTOÖbl BOCHOWbJOBaibCH HCpilblM yflOÖ- iii.im c^yiacM m MOKoacôaTb MMiiepaiopcKyio BJiacTb. Bcc casioc 6:iaio-pojiiioe cpean pyccKOM Mo^oaoKM — Moaoawc bochhuc, KaK llctic n.. (J)onilH3MH, HapbILUKMH, EOlUHCBCKMH, MypaBbCB, Op^OH, CaSfUClK)- tafUC JiMTcparopbi, KaK PbiaecB m BecTy>KeB, iiotomkm caMUx c.ian- MWXpOaOB, KaK KHH3b060aeHCKMM,Tpy6cUK0H, OaOCBCKHM. Bo.ikoh CKHH. ipa<|> 'lepHbiiucB1, — nocneinnan BCTynnib b pnau jtom ncpw>H (|)a^aHrn pyccKoro ocBo6o>KaeHMfl. Bna'iaac oôuicctbo iipunmio na nw-HHc «CoK)3a GaaroaeHCTBHH»2. <...> 3to öbiaa nepBa« noncTHHe pcBo^iounonnaH onnoinuHH. co-naiiauiuaHCH b Pocchh. <...> Ctojikhobchhc Mc^ay noKpoBHTCJicM — .1CCI10TH3MOM H nOKpOBHTeJlbCTByCMOH — HHBHjlM tailHCll Clil In lU'MII nycMbiM. ncpBan 6htb3 MOKay hhmh npoH3ouwa 14(26) acicaGp«. Ho-öc^htc^cm ocTaacH a6coaiOTM3M, noKa3aB. KaKoii cH.ion pacno laia i ona/iH npH'iHHCHHH 3aa. <...> BpcMH aan TaHHoro noaHTH'iecKoro oöiuccTBa 6btao Bbiöpano iipc-KptCHO bo Bcex oTHOLueHHHX. JlHTcpaTypiiaM nponaranaa Bc^acbO'icHb icHTC^bHO. JXymoü ec 6bia 3HaMCHHTbirt PwaccB; on n croapyii»« npn-•ia.iM pyccKoü aiiTepaType 3HcpriHO n BOoayiucBJicHHC kotopijmh ona HHKoraa hc oöaaaaaa hh paHbine, hh no3*e. To6uaH ne toulko c^obu, to 6bian aeaa. 3Haan, hto npHUHTO peuiCHHC, mto ccTb onpcncicnna« »c/ib h, He 3aöayxaaHCb oTnocMTeabno onacuocTii, uiaH TncpawM ina-roM, c BbicoKo noaHHTOii roaoBOü, k HeoTBpaTiiMon pa ibh jkc. V Hapoaa, amueHHoro oGuicctbchhom cBoGoau, ^HTepaTypa - ClMlICTBCHHaH TpHÖyHa, C BbICOTbl KOTOpOH OH 3aCTaiU1HCT fMIMIll ÍPHK CBOCrO B03MyUiCHHH H CBOCii COBCCTM. B^HHHHeaHTepaTypbi b noaoönoM oôuicctbc npno6pcracT pa »Mcpu. •TaBnoyTpa'ieHHbieapyrHMHCTpanaMH Ebpoiih. Pciw.ikmiho.....jcctmxh PbbiccBa n nyuiKHHa moäho naŕíTn b pyKax y MOjioaux ^loacH. b ca-* He mchcc pciiiMTCJibHbiM 6buio aeiicTBHe 3aroBopa 14 aeKa6pn na caMoc npaBMTejibCTBo; ot IleTpa ao HnKoasa npsBHTeabcrBO bmcoko aep>K3ao iii.imh iiporpecca h uHBHaH33UHH; c 1825 roaa — HHierono-xoxcro: anacTb mnbKO o tom h ayMaeT, KaK 6bi 3aMeaamb yMCTneimoc annxeuHe; yxe uc cjiobo «nporpecc» nnmeTCH Ha HMnepsTopciwvi uiTaiijiapTe, a cnoBa «C3Moacp>KaBne, npaBocaaBire h HapojiHOCTb» --jto Mane, fares, takel aecnoTH3M33, npHMeM nocaeaHne aB3 caoBacro- I i II T3M TOJlbKO WW npCHpOpMbl. PejlHTHH, ri3TpH0TH3M 6bIJlH BCCTO ;iHiiib cpeacTBOM yKpermTb caMoaep>K3BHe, Hapoa HHKoraa ne o6\ia-iibiiiaacH nacMCT HauHonajiH3Ma HnKoaaa; flpiiaiiiijce Bbipa>KCMMC cro uapcTBOBanHH — ACBH3 aecnoTH3Ma: «riycTb norn6HeT PoccHH.aHWk f)u anacTb ocTsascb HeorpaHHMeHHoii h HepyniHMOH». 3tot aHKapc-khh /1CUM3 ycTpaiiMCT Bee Hcaopa3yMeHMH, hmchho 14aeKa6pH npwiy- J1M/IO lipaiiHTCabCTBO OT6pOCHTb aHUeMepMe M OTKpblTO IipOB03niaCHTl> ;iCCHOTH3M. Hc3aaoaro ao MpaMHoro uspctbobshhh, KOTopoe Hanaaocb Ha pyc-ckoh, a npoaoaxaaocb Ha noabCKort kpobm4, noflBHJicH BejiHKHH pyc-ckhh H03T riyuiKHH, a noHBHBUJHCb, cpa3y craa Heo6xoanM, cjiobho pyccKaH jimepaTypa hc Moras 6e3 Hero o6oMTiicb. MMTaiiH apyrwx no-3TOB, BocToprajiHCbmmh, ho npoH3BeaeHHH riyuiKMHa — BpyicaxyKa*-aoro oGpa ioBanHoro pyccKoro, h oh nepeMHTbiBaeT hx bcio cboio IKMfc Ero noj3HH — y*e uc npo6a ncpa, HeanTepsTypHbiii onbiT, hc ynpa*-Hemic: ona — cro npH3B3HHe, h oHa cTaHOBMTca 3pejibiM HCKyccrBOw; o6pa30BaHHa« MacTb pyccKoti hsuhm o6peaa b neM BnepBbie aap no-JTHMCCKOrO caoBa. riyuiKHH KaK ncjib3H 6oaee naunoHaaeH hbtojkc BpeMfl noHXTCH HHOcTpani in\ i Oh peaKo noaaeabiBseTCH noa npocTopcMHC pycooi* iieccn. oh ncpeaacT cboio Mbicab t3kom, KiIkoii OHa bo3hhk3CT b hcm riojloGllO BCCM BCJ1HKHM nOSTSM OH BCema Ha ypOBHC CBOCrO MMTaTCJI'-OH CT3HOBHTCH BejIHM3BblM, Mp3MHbIM, rp03HbIM, TpSTHMHblM, CTHX CH) UJyMHT, K3K MOpe, KaKaeC, p3CKaMHB3eMblH 6ypeK), H B TO Xe BPCMHOH HceH, npoip3Men, CBepKaeT, nojioH xaxaotf Hacaa>KaeHMH h ayuicm 11u'11ii 11. PyccKHH no3T peaaeH bo BceM, b hcm hct hhhcto6oae3Hcn-noro, HHHerooTToro npcyBCJiHMCHHoro naTOJiorHMecKoro ncuxoaonu-M3, OT-roro a6cTp3KTnoro xpHCTHSHCKoro cnHpHTyanH3Ma, KOTOpbie TaK «»acTO BctpewaioTCH y hcmcukhx no3TOB. My33 ero — He 6jieflHoe co- 520 A.H. fEPUEH laaHHC c paccTpoeHHbiMH HepBaMH, saKyranHoc b caBan. a nu^Kaw ACHIUHH3, CHHK01U3H 3aOpOBbeM, C^HUIKOM OOniTaH llo.lj nil M I.I Mil 'l\l. crnaMH, 'itoGn HCKaTb iioaaeabnux, h flocraTOHHo HccHacTnaM. tto6ij HMCTb Hyxay B BbiayMamibix hcch3Cti.hx. y riyuiKHna f)U.I.I iiamciu IH'(CCK3H H 3nHKypCliCKaH HaTVpa rpcieCKHX I103T0B, H0 6bLl Bcronyinc ii D^cMeHT BnojiHe coBpeMeHHbiH. yoy6a«HCb n ce6n, on h.ixo in i n iicapax jiyiiJH ropbKyio ayMy BaiipoHa, cnKyio iipoiuiK) nauicro bcm. <. ..> K KOHUV CBOCrO)KM3HCHHOrO nyTH riyiliKHH H BaiipOH COBCpillCIIIKi oTaanHKircHapyroTapyra, h noBecbManpocTOHiipii'iHiic: l>aupoH6u^ ao ray6HHbi aymH anniM>iaHHH, a flyiUKHH — jio r/iyfinnbi ayiim pyc-ckhh,— pyccKHii ncTep6yprcKororicpnoaa. EMyfibi.nH bcaomn ncccip;i-jiatiHH unBnan30Baniioro MC.ioBCKa, ho oh o&na/iaji Bcpott b fiynyiuec. KOTopoii 'icjiobck 3ati3a3 y>Ke aHUJHac». <...> TC, KTOrOBOpflT, MT0 nyillKHHCKHH «OnerHH» — 3T0pyccKHH «i!oii-)KyaH», uc noiiMMsioT mm Baiipona, hh nyiiiKHiia, hm Atir.iiiii. iih Poc-chh: ohh cya«T no (|)opMaiibiibiM npn3iiaK3M. «Ohcihii» — caMoc ma HHTC.ibiioc TBopcHHe riyiiiKiiH3, noraoTHBincc noaoBMiiy cro MHOL BojHHKHOBCHHe '3TOH H03Mbl OTHOCHTCH HMCHHO K TOMy llCpHOAy, KO-TOpblH HaC 33HHM3C1, 0113 COipCJia IHV1 I1J1HHHIICM MC'l.i II.MI.I\ ICI, IHK JicaoBaBUJHx 33 14acKa6pH. M kto>kc iiobcpht, mtoiioaofiiKK upon ibc-acHHe, noiTH'iecKaH aBTo6noip3(|)HH, mokctSuti. npocruM noapa*a- HHCM? OiierHH — 3to hh TsMacT, hh 03ycr, hh Man(J>pca, HH (Xk-psiaH. HII TpcHMop, hh Kapa Moop5; OHcrnir — pyccKHH, oh bo3M0*cm aniub b Poccmh; TaM oh Heo6xouHM, 11 TaM cro BCTpciacuib Ha icaiimoM iiiary OiieniH — HcaoBCK npa3aHbiH, noTOMy, hto oh miKoraa » hmhcm hc 6u.n 33hht; 3to i mi 111 ii ii MeaoBCK b toh cpcae. mc OH HaXOflWTCH, Me ofiaaaaa Hyxnoii cn.ioii xapaKrcpa. ■nofibi m.ipnaiKH 111 hoc mi- J10BCK, KOTOpblii HCnblTblB3eT )KH3Hb BIiaOTb 30 C3M0H CMCpTH II KOTO- puft xoTea 61,1 oTBcaaTb cMepTM, '11061.1 yBHacTi., hc aynmc an ona M1 mm Oh bcc H3MHHan, ho HMMcro hc aoBoawa ao Konua; oh km (xmmiic PasMbiuiana, mcm MeHbiue aeaaa, BflBaauaTbacT oncTapiiK, a Kcrapo-cth oh MoaoaccT 6aaroa3p« aioGBH. KaK h bcc mu. oh ikktohhmoxaaa •Kro-To, 1160 MeaoBCK He TaK 6c3yMeH, mtoOw BcpnTb b aaMTcabHocrb Hacroauicro noaoxeHMH » Pocchh... Hhmto hc npmiiao. a *MJHb yxo-•iHaa. 06pa3 OHcniHa HacroabKO iisunoHaacH. -rro BCTpcHacTCH bo bccx Powansx h nosMax, KOTopbie noayiaioT KaKoc-aH6o npinnanMC b I'ik-c"m, h hc noTOMy, mto xoTeaH KonnpoBaTb cro. a noTOMy, mto ero no-^hhho HaxoaHUjb B03ae cc6h naH b ce6c caMOM. 521 i 83 PyccKaH Jiumepamypnan tpmm _XVIII — Hanajia XX ., 862) — rpacj), nacH «K)>KHoroo6uiecTBa>>, yHacrBOBaa BaefiTeabnocra .Ccucpik. 10 oOiuccrua*. J PaHce «CoK>3a 6aaroaencTBnn» (1818) 6bia co3aaH «Cok» cnaccmu. (1816). I Mane, fares, lakel - 3th caoBa, no 6n6aeiicKOMy npeaamiio, 6buiH iia'icpu iii.i orncHHOH pyKoii na cTCHe bo BpeMfl BaaTacapoBa niipa h npeaBewamini w.ii. Bauacapy n eroaep;Kane — Banii.'ioiiy. repnen CapKaCTHMCCKHCOOTHOI n\ e <|>opMyaoii «o(pimiiajii>noM napoanocra». 4 Mmcctch b Bnay pacnpaBa c aeKaGpiicTaMH, 03HaMeHonaniiia>i ncrvn.ic inn' na npecTOJi HiiKoaaH I, h pa3rpovi nojibCKoro BoccraHiiH 1830—1831 rr 5 lepuen na3i>maeT H3iiecTiibix B enponeiicKoii aHTepaiype repoeB, pan™ pouaiiHUx b .t ii inn. mpa'i111.i\ n oahhokhx. MaH(ppea - raamiuii repoii mho-hmciiiioh apaiuw Banpoiia (1817); OGepMaH - repoii oaHOHMemioro pool <|)paiiuyjcKoro iincaTean 3. CeHaKypa (1804); TpeHMop- repoii poManaX.Gi'j •JlejiHH» (1833); Kapa Moop — repoii apaMbi LUnaaepa «Pa36oMiiHKH»(l78li 6 Mo.wdoii nymemecmeemtuK — MBaH BacnabeBHH, nepcoHa* noBccn B.A. Coaaory6a «TapaHTac». ' llcro'iiiati uiiTaTa H3 «EBrenna Onerana* (ra. VI, crpocpa XVI). * FlepeMHCJidH nojTOB n nncaTeaefi, IepueH aonycraa neKOTopwe (Jmmh ■lecKHe IICTOHHOCTH. ' HMeercH b BHay eBaiirejibCKoe CKa3anne o roHeHnax, KOTopuM nojwpi anci> nocaannwe ii MepycaJiHM «npopoKM, n Myapwe, h khh>khhkh» (Emm aiie ot MaTKeMecflHHbiii ttypH&n «6n6.iHotc Ka aati MTenHH», H3aaTeaeM KOToporo 6bui A.O. Cmmpahh. " rcpucn hmoci B Biiay craxoTBopeime nyniKHiia «Iepoii» («/la. cw npnxoTHx Boai.na->), noBoaoM aa« KOToporo HBiiaocb npnGbune uapa b Moa* M upcMH xoaepnoii 3iinaeMHii 1830 r. JXba noaHTimecKHXcthxotbopchmh-poaimcKan ioaoBimiHa» h «KacBeTHHKaM Pocchh». II HMecTCH b Bnay KHiira H.B. Toroaa «Bbi6panHbie MecTa H3 nepeiiHcmI apyjbHMH». " B «naocoi})HMecKOM ciHCbMe* MaaaaeB nncaa: «Mu >KHan, mw xhk» KaK MUUCMfl ypoKaaH oTaaaeHHbix noTOMCTB, KOTopue BOcnoab3yK>TC>uiw«; iipeMeiino, no b nacTOHUieM BpeMeHH, mto 6m hh roBopMan, mh cocTaM't'1 upoOea ii nopnaKe pa3yMeHH$i» 14 *OmMmeitbe, eocydapb, ontMiueiibeU— IiHTaTa H3 TpareanH (ppaimy**" ^ apaMaTypra )Kana PoTpy (1609-1650) «BeHuecaaB». Bwaa Hcncjibww'"' KasccTBe 3nHrpa,M' paji^iac. ii b «McpTBbixayuiax» (ra.7). 536 A/IEKCAH/^P BACHdbEBHM APyiKIIIIIIII (1824—1864) A.B./4py)Knnnn poanacH b ncTcpĎypre bcc-MM BHAHoro 4HHOBHMK&. On noayiHa npcKpac-iioe AOM8UJHGC o6pa)oiianMC, a 33tcm 6i»ia on-peacacH b ria>KccKMii Kopnyc, nocac oKOnna-HHD KOToporo b 1843 r. cayacna npatinpiuiiKOM B iniaHHacKOM noaKy. B 1846 r. M3-3a caa6t)ro uoponbH ii cípcMacHHH k AMTcpaTypnoMy Tpy-ay Buujca b OTCTaBKy. JlMrcpaTypiiuři acGiot JpyjKHHHna - noBecTt «noaniibKa CaKC», on^aHKOBaHiiaH b «Cobpcmchhhkc» b 1847 i. n CTíBUiafl GccrccaacpoM. B 1840-c - na«iaac l850-xrr.Zlpy>Knnnii oriyGanKOiiaji b«Cobpcmchmhkc> irmi.hi pn;uno HX npOHJBCaCHIIH: 0630P0B, OMCpKOB, (JlCabCTOHOB h ísmctok. B na'iaac 1850-x it. /JpyxMHHii coTpyaiiH-íiti b *ypnaae «f>HGaiio KKa aaH >itchh>i», oanaKO 6an>Kc CMy 6ua «Kpyr» «Coii|XMemniKa» MaiiGoaec 6aH3Kiic Apy>KccKiic othouichma y ncrocao*Hanci.c Ipuni- POHHMCM, AHHCHKOBbIM II BoTKHHblM. B 1856 T. flpyXHHHH lipilHM I npcaaoxeiiMc B03raaBHTb «Bn6anoTCKyAaH t)OKO OUCHHTb CB0C06pa3MC TBOp-ICCKOÍÍ JIHMHOCTM MHOI ll\ II l»a I iiuxpyccKHx H03TOB h riHcaTcacii. 'ito iiaiiiaooTpaACHiic BCTau.nx «rio-»ccth ii paccKajbi M. TypreHCBa* (1856), .Comhhchhh A. Ocijxmicko ro. (1859), «Cthxotbopchhh A.A. OcTa» (1859). Oaiihm hj KK&oaa "HcaTcacií JlpyxHHHHa 6bia H.A. Ton-iapoB. B raaimoM icpoc cio |x> »«Ha «06ao\ioB» kphtmk yBHaca 0Tpa*eniic wcpT naiiHOHaiuioro xa- PíKTCpa H OGuiC>ieaOBCMCCKOÍÍ HpaBCTBCHHOCTH. flocie yxoaa H3 «Bn6aHOTeKH aa« mtchhh* b 1860 r. JlpyxnnHii °T0Ulca OT .lk III lil ION aHTCpaTypHO-KpMTHMCCKOH aC«TCUHOCTII. HO "Poaoa^ai riHcaTb h ny6aiiKOBaTbo63opbi 3ap>fK^HOH aHTcpaTypw h ^THUHCTMKH, 3aiU1MaaCH nCpCBOaaMH. apy*""'"' » "KťTCM KaK&ic- "iiumíí 3H3TOK m ncpcBOfl-iiiK auraiíňcKOH aMTcpaTypu (nepcocji no-Bccro UJeKcnHpa). Ero nepy npiiHaaacjicaTOocTOíiTMbHMe Tpy.iM. 537 PyccKOH JiumepamypuaH npn _XVIII-tiauajig XXi riiocBHincnnue TBopiecTBy B. llJeKcnHpa, H. flMKKeHca, V. Tempa, ;ipyrnx. HccoMnenHoři 3acnyroH ApyxHHMHa nepea pyccKoň jihtcis- TypOlí HBJIHCTCÍI M TO, MTO OH 6bUl HHHUHaTOpOM M OflHHM H3 OCHOMT: ^ch n 1859 r. OGmccrBa jma nocoĎHH HyjicaaiouxMMCfl JWTepaTopaM * yiCMWM («JlnTCpaTypHblíí (pOHfl»). «06aoMOB». PoMaH H.A. roiivnpoua <...> CHJlbHblií n03TeCTb nOCTOHHHbIH npOCBCTMTe^bCBOCrOKpj, npoCBCTHTtnb TeM 6oJice aparoucHHbiň, mto oh HHKoraa hc Hayif xy/io.wy, HMKoryia HcaacTHaM ripaBiibi, KOTopan nenonHa hcobpcmc hcm mojkct CTaTb HenpaBnoio. B nepnofl TpeBoxHoii npaKTHMeciio* ilCHTC/lbHOCTH, npH CT0J1KH0BCHHH HayMHbIX H nOJIHTHMeCKHXTCOpilH B 3110X11 COMHCHHfl MJIM OTpHLOHHH — B3)KHOCTb H BCJIHMMe HCTHHHW nojTOB B03pacTaioT HanepeKop BceM KaxymuMca npenHTCTBHííM. H; mix oGiucctbo, b nojiHOM CMbicjie cjiobs, ycTpcMJiaeT «cboh no.iHi>< oAn/iaiinn omh»' , h ycTpeMJineT hx BOBce He noTOMy, mto6 jkjuioo: noaTOB pa3raflKH Ha cboh comhchhh hjih HanpaBJíeHHH ju\h cmtt npaKTHHccKoň aeflTejibHOCTH. 06mecTBO BOBce He nMTaeT tskhi HCHcnOJlHHMbtX (paHTa3Híi h HHKoraa He^acT no3Ty pojih KaKoro-mi-Gyjib 3aKonoflaTcaa b cqbepe cbohx o6bmeHHbix nHTepecoB. Ho ok iiacT cMy Bepy h B/iacTb b aejiax CBoero BHyTpeHHero MHpa h Heouw- ĎCTCH B CBOeM flOBepHM. UOCJIS BCHKOrO HCTHHHO XyaOKeCTBeHHOrí co3jiaHHfl oho MyBCTByeT, hto nojiyMH.no ypoK, caMbiň cjiaaKHÍi H3ypo-kob, ypoK B OflHO H TO xe BpeMH npOMHblH H CnpaBeiUIMBbIH. 06uic ctbo 3HaeT, xoTfl h CMyTHO, mto ruionbi TaKoro ypoKa He nponajyr11 : HCT/ieiOT, ho nepeií/iyT b ero BeMHoe h fleHCTBHTejibHO noTOMCTBCinw flOCTOHHHC <...> <...> Ho bot «06jiomob» r. ToHMapoBa. Tpy/iHO nepecMHTarb fc; uiancbi, co6pannbie npoTHB 3Toro xyao>KecTBeHHoro co3/J.ann«. 0» ncMaTa/iocb noMccHMHo, crajio 6biTb, nepepbiBajiocb TpH m/ih mctwí< paia. riepBafl KHHHH ■lapoBa; mto xe ao^xeH 6un nepciyBCTBOBiiTb tasí amop, iiokj pciun ,iacbc>7ib6a khhth, KOTopyio oh 6o^ee acchtm ^ct močili h chocm cepji-uc. Ho onacenHH Sujih HanpacHbi. >Ka*;ia ciiCTa 11110 j 111ti bj»wa c»oc n ■ ■ 111' im iHTaJOUlCM Mupc. HanepeKop bccm iipciihicthhhm •O&iomob* IlOOCflOIIOCIIO 33XB3THJ1 C060K) BCC CTpaCTM, BCC HHMMailMC, BCC IIO-MUOlbl 'IMTaTC;iCÍÍ. B K3KMX-TO IKipOKCM IMaX liaciaXICMIIH BCC ip.lMdl Hbic^ioiiH npoMJiii «06;ioMOBa». To^iii»mioach, kiik Oy/iTo wcro-TO mmb- UIHX, lliyMHO KMHy/lHCb K «06;iOMOBy». BC3 BCHKOIO II|K-N IIC.llťli-MIHI WUňn rril"i 111 'ito h iiacTOHiuvK) Mimyry no bccm 1'oi.cmh mci mm o i noro Maieiimcro, 6c3ye3aHoro, 3amTaTHciiuicio ropová, ivic Om mc 'im 1MH «D6^0M0B3», HC XBaHH^H «06^0MOBa», HC CMOpiLill of) •(Xl.lOMO BC». <...> riocTapacMCH xe, no Mepe ch^ Haiunx, paibHCHinb no HCKoropol) crcncMH npHHHHy HCoObiKHOBennoro yenexa «06^omob B iiMcaTC/ie, noaapHBUJCM namcií c^obcchoctm •OAuKiioHciniyK) HCTopnio* m «06^0M0Ba», mu Bceraa Biuie^H m biwhm Tcncpb ojihoio mcHJibHeiiu.iiix coBpeMCHHbix pyccKHX xyfloxiíMKOB — c HDM cy*- JCHMCM, 6e3 COMHCHHH, COmaCMTCH BMKHH MC^OBCK, yMCK)IIIIIM C 10.1 KOM HMTaTb IIO-pyCCKH. 06 OCOĎCHHOCTHX IOM'iapOBCKOIO JiapOBilllMM TO)KC ĎO^bUlHX CHOpOB 6bITb He MOttCT. ABTOp «0fM0M0Bil». BMCC1C C .ipyiHMH UCpBOKJiaCCHblMH npeaCTaBIITC^HMII pOAMOIO MCKyCCTM. — CCTb XyaOJKHHK "IHCTblíí M MCl.lllllCHMI.nl. XyflOXHHK 110 lipil IBiIMMK) II 110 Bceii uenocTH Toro, mto mm cacnaHO. Oh pca^Hcr, no cro ocíliihm noCTOHHHO COrpCT r^yĎOKOií n033HCIO; nOCBOCH Ha6/IK)iUITCJIbHOCTH M wanepe TBopMccTBa oh aoctohh Guti. npc.icraiiHTCiCM caMOfl Manpxii. hoh ujkovu, McamyTCM KaKero^HTcpaTypiioc MKniiTaimc h MM no33HH flyuiKHHa, ^K)6nMeiíuiero H3 ero yMHTCJicn, HaBCKM oTiianmoT ot r. ToHMapoBa caMyio B03MoxnocTb Oecnioónou h cyxott MaTypiLii.no- CTH. <...> HCCMOTPH Ha HCKOTOpbIC HCCOBCpUieHCTBa BblMO-IMCMMH, O KOTO-PWX Mbl 6yaCM lOBOpHTb HHXC HCB3MP3H Ha BIWHMOC BCCM MCCOI l.lc HC "cpBoii MacTH poMaHa co Bcc.MH nocjicAywuiMviM, muo M^bM M.IbMMa (^0M0B3 BMCCTC C MHpOM, CrO OKpyjKaiOIHlIM, KaK HC^blH (xwcc non- TBepstoiacTcoSoií Bce iiaMii ceiíMac cKa3annoc o.iapoiwiiiiii i lnii'i.i|v> » O6V1OMOB H OČnOMOBUlHUa: 3TH OlOBa HCJWPOM 0fl.1CTCJlH BCK) POCCMK) H cacjiajiMCb C/10B3MH, HaBceriia yKopcuMBiiuiMiicfl b naiiicH pcin Ohm W1MCHILFTH H3M UeJIblH Kpyr flBJTCHHM COBDCMCHHOrO H3M 06lUCCTBa, OHM "ocraBiLiM ncpeii iiaMH ue^biii mhp luei), oópaJOB m noapoĎHOCTCH. cmc "tlaBHO H3MH HC BnOJlHC C03HaHHblX. HBn«BUIHXCH H3M K»(tyjTOB^TytM- hc Cmíoíí CBoero Tpyaa mcjiobck c rjiyfioKHM noaniMccKUM ,xipoi«hhcm 539 5 PyccKaa jiumepamypHan Kpumut. _XVIII-Hangjia XXj,,,'. caejiaa aa« h jBCCTHoro oTaeaa HanieH coBpeMeHHOH xh3hh to, hto cxi> JIM pojlCTBCHHbie CMy (pJiaMaHJIUbl CO MHOrHMH CTOpOH3MH CBOCii DOIHOi acHCTBHTejibHOCTH. OGaoMOBa H3ynHa h y3Haji ueabiii Hapoa. n. upenMyuiccTBy 6oraTbw oGaoMOBiuMHofi, — m Maao raro, hto y3Hai. * iiojik>6hji ero BceM cepaueM, noTOMy hto hcbo3mo>kho ysHaTbOfaov^ 11 He nojiioGHTb era rjiy6oKo. <...> He cnycTHCb r. ToHnapoBTaK rayooKot ncapa oGjioMOBiuHHbi, Ta xe o6jiOMOBmHna, b ee nenojiHoii pa3pa6oTK. Morjia 6bi HflM noKa3aTbca rpycTHOio, GeaHoio, xaaKoio, aocToiiHow mi roro CMexa. Tenepb Haa oGjiomobuuhhom moxho CMeHTbca, ho CMex m iiojioh hhctom jik)6bh h HecTHbix cae3, — o ee xepTBax moxho xaieii,. h raKoe coxaaeime 6yaeT nosTHnecKMM h cbctohm, hh nm Koro He yum* icibiibiM, Hoa/iH MHornx bhcokmm h MyapbiM coxaaeHMeM. Hoilblii pOMaH T. ToHHapOBa, KaK 3TO M3BeCTHO BCHKOMy, KT0II|> ne/i ero b «OTenecTBeHHbix 3anHCKax», pacnaaaeTca Ha /jBa HepoBiiu: OTfleaa. noa nepBoio nacTbK) ero, ecaH He ouiHGaeMca, noaniican 1X49 roa, noa ocTaabHbiMH TpeMH 1857 h 582. MTaK, noHTMaecarbx OTaeaHK>t nepiioHaHaabHbiH, MHoroTpyaHbiil m eme He BnojiHe bhhc-KanuiHvicH 3aMbicea ot ero 3peaoro ocymecTBaeHMH. Mexay Ofriouo-bum, KOTopbiH 6e3xaaocrHo MyHHT CBoero 3axapa, h 06jiomobn«. bjik)6aeHHbiM b Oabry, moxct, aexHT ueaan nponacTb, Koropoii hmk: He b cnaax ymiHTOXHTb. HacKoabKO MabH MabHH, BaajnomiiiK /niitane Mexay AaeKceeBbiM h TapaHTbeBbiM, KaxeTca HaM 3anaecnce innM m noHTH raaKHM, HacroabKo tot xe MabH MabHH, caM pa3pyuiak uinti jiK)6oBb H36paHHOH mm xeHujHHbi m naaHyiUHii Haa o6jlOMKa«< CBoero ciacTHfl, ray6oK, TporaTeaeH h cHMnaTHHeH b cbocm rpyciHO* komh3mc MepTbi, aexamne Mexay 3thmh aByMH repoaMH, Haui asror nc 6wa b cnaax craaaHTb. Bee ero ciapaHHH b stom nacTH nponaw "■-Pom — K3K Bee xyaoxuMKH no HaType, Hauj aBTop 6eccHaeH BeMC.r* Tpc6yeTc« dejiaiman pa6oma: to ecTb craaxHBaHHH, npHTHrHBawi* o6bHcneHHfl, oaHHM cjiobom, to, hto aerKO aaeTca TaJiaH"* o6biKHOBCHHbiM. nopaGoTaB, h THxeao nopa6oTaB, Haa HewwMOXW* jaaaneio, r. ibHnapoB HaKOHeu y6eanacH, hto eMy He craaaHTb Hcpi* ihimh yKa3anHoft, He 3arpy3HTb nponacra, aexamen Mexay AtyM* JioMOBbiMH. Ha nponacTH stoh aexaaa oaHa planche de salut*, "J*41 nepexoaHaH aocKa: HenoapaxaeMbin «Coh 06aoMOBa». Bee JOB" npn6aBHTb k Hen HTo-HH6yab OK33aaHCb TiueTHbiMH, nponacrboc* Baaacb npexHeM nponacTbio. Y6eaHCb b 3tom, aBTop poMaHa WB» pyKoii h noanwcaa noa nepBoio nacTbro poMaHa Bee oGiflCHflWi*1 * ByKBitibHo: aocKa cnacemiH ((pp.). 540 a.b. Apywimiiii uiicjipy 49 roaa. 3tmm oh BbicKa3aa cboc noaoxcmic h oTKpoaeMMo oi- .uuan ce6n KaK xyaoxuMKa Ha cya ny6aHKM. <...> HCT HHKaKOrO COMHCHHH b TOM, HTO HCpBblC othoi1ichmm Mo m.i k vioryiiiccTBCHHOMy Tiiny, 3aBjiajiciiiiicMy bccmh cro noMucaaMit. 6m.ih iiiia'iajic aajiCKO ne apyxecTBeHiibiMii othohichmhmm. He MCK) h m II060BI. BCTpCTHa MabH MjlbMH, CUiC hc C03pejlblM, CUIC HC XHBOH MjIbH H/ibii'i, Bavuic chocio xyjioxmiKa. BpcMH iiepcvi 1X49 io.iom mc iuj id lipCMCHCM Ml)-JTIIHCCKOii IIC lailHCMMOC III M OCCIipitC i pac i Mil HO HII hi ,iax; upti iiccii caMocTOHTcabiiocTM i. IbH'iapona oh bcc *cGm/i iiMcarc- MM HCUH0M CBOCrO lipCMCHM. 06^0mob xhji H hcm, laHHMafl Cm MMC- ih, ho cine HiuinacH CBoeMy no3Ty b bhjic hbjichhm oipimaic m,....... .K)CT0HHOIO Ka3Hll H no BpCMCHaM IIOHTM HCHailHCTHOK). Bo bccx MCp buxraauax poMaHa,aocaMoro«Cna», r. roHHapoBOTKpoBCHHoiiMBoaiii iicpcfl namm toio repoH, KOTopuii CMy CKaibiBiuicH upcxac, Toro Mjilki H.UH'ia, Koiopbiii iipc;ician;ui:icH cms k;ik ypo.'fiiiiioc hh.icmiic s|»h iiimiii pyccKoii xh3HH. 3tot OGjiomob embryo* aocraTOHHo ofipaftoraii. .locnrroHiio o&beKTHBcn juih Toro, hto6 aeiicmoBim. na mui mjiii na tj'» TOMa, aCKTaTOHHO BCpCH JL'ih TOIO. HTOfl (k'hcimii. c(HH)H) MMOIHC ICMMI.IC CTOpOHbl COIipCMCHHOrO oGlUCCTBa, HO, BOXC MOH. K.1Kaa.1ck OTTCHCpcill Hero, ccpauy Miiaoro 06aoMoiia stot 3acaaciiHi»iH, HccuiaaiiMH kvcok MHca, HocHianii Toxe hmh OGjiomoiui h ncpiiux iaaBax poMana! <...> B1X49 io;iy npH anaaKTMHccKHx crpeMJieHHHx caoiKCiKxmi n npii xpaftH CCTCCHCHHOii B03MOXHOCTH lipOHBJIHTI.STH CTpCM.lCMMH (XijIOMMBCIllhryO moi f)|,l BOCXMTMTb COGOH HMTaTCaH m UCIIMTC.th. KaKMC n»mm MCIitlMCI. f'U Ha MCrO KpilTHKHMM. KaKMC CVMpaHllblC TO.'IKM pa 1.1.1 IMCI. f)l.l D c|xmc. Po*aaioiueM()6aoMOBbix!<...> Honoao6noroycncxaiiaincM\ ainops Ow 10 6u cjihuikom Maao. OrraaKiiBaiomHii h ncnpocBCTJicHHiaii no much). (Xviomob hc yaoBacTBopna Macaay,ax)Jii>KOBpcMCHM mm hocmmom\ iu rp i ik Toaoc noj3HH roBopiui CMy: MaMaanbiue h hiiih rayfixe. «Coh 06aoMOBa»! — stot BcaHKOJicnucMiiiiiM jnnjoa. KoropbiH oc- 'ailCTCH B Kailiefl CaOBCCHOCTM 113 BCHHbIC HpCMCII.l. f)l.l.l MCpBWM. MO fymecTBCHHbiM maroM k yHCHCHMK) 05^oMOBa c cro ofiaoMOBiiinnoH. <-■■> KoncHHoro caoiia Ha cboh Koac6aHMH r. roiriapon cnui Bucnpa- IIHBaTb y nOJ3MH pyCCKOH XH3HH, y CBOMX BOCIlOMMHaHMM ,'ICTCTIW'I m. WJmciiHH npomayio xii3Hb CBoero repon, co bccm CBoooaoio norpy-'"•1CH b Ty ctjicpy, KOTopaa ee oKpyxaaa. CaeaoM ia [lyiiiKnnuM. cao-yMMTcacM, no npHMcpy loroaH, cBoerocTapiiicroTOBapMiiw.oH iac- "OBOOTHecCH K XH3HH aCHCTBMTeabHOH, H OTHCCCH HC HanpaCMO. "COM '8 wpojbiuic (mm.). 541 PyccKdH Jiutnepamypnaa Kfmmmt _XVIII—HaiaAa XX «r„ OfWOMOBa» HCTOJlbKO OCBeTHJl, yHCHMJI H pa3yMHO OnO3TH3Hp0BajIBCe .umo repoH, ho eme Tbicanbio HeBn/jjHMbix cKpen cbh33ji eroc cepaiic* Kaxaoro pyccKoro HHTaTean. B stom othoujchhh «Coh», caM noc* pa3HTe/ibHbiíi ksk oTaeabHoe xyao>KecTBeHHoe co3/jaHHe, eiueoai« nopaxacT CBOHM 3Ha4eHneM bo BceM poMaHe. DiyôoKHň no syBcm ero BHyujMBUicMy, CBeTJibiň no CMbicjiy, b HeM 33KJnoHenH0My, oh Bonw BpcMH n noHcimeT h npocBeTJineT'coôoio TO THnHMeCKOe J1HU.0, B KOU poM cocpcaoTOMMBaeTCJi HHTepec Bcero npoM3BeaeHHH. <...> Mtsk, «Coh 06ji0M0Ba» pacuiHpHJi, y3aKOHHJi h yacHMJi coooiomh ľ03HaMCHaTe^bHbiŕi ran repoa, ho stoto eme He ôbijio aocTaiOMim r. no/iHOTbico3aanHH. HoBbiM n nocjie/j.HMM, peuiHTejibHbiM iiiaroMBnp» uecceTBopHecTBa6bi/io: co3/J.aHneOjibrn HnbMHCKoří — coaaaimeaoii'-ciacT/iHBoe, MTO Mbi, He oÔHHyacb, Ha30BeM nepBvio Mbic/ibo hcm Kpx yľO/lbHbIM KaMHCM BCCH 06/IOMOBCKOH üpaMbl, C3MOM CHaCT.ľIl1B0ÍÍ MU. ;ii.io bo Bceü apracTHMecKoií aeHTejibHOcra Hsuiero aBTopa. fla^eocn BHBUiM B cTopoHc BCK) npejiecTb HcnojiHeHHH, BCio xyaoxecTBciinocn. KOTopoK) o6pa6oTaHO jihuo Ojibra, mw He HaííaeM aocTaToniibixen-iito6 Bi»icKa3aTb Bce 6aaroTBopHoe bjihhhhc 3Toro nepcoHa)Ka Ha ■ poMaiia h pa3BHrae THna 06ji0MOBa. HecKoabKO aeT TOMy Hsmxiw o-pieT o «Py/iHHe» r. TypreiieBa, Mbi HMe/w onyiaM 3aMeraTb, Hronmi, iipoac PyjiMHa ne noHCHHioTCH aio6oBbio3, — Tenepb npHxouHTCsi nept-HcpnyTb iiaujy ceHTeHUHio n o6T>HBMTb, MTO OôaoMOBbi BbiaaioTBCionpc /ICCTb, BCK) CJia60CTb H BeCb rpyCTHbIH KOMH3M CBOeň HaTypbl HMCHHC Mcpe3/iio6oBbk JKCHUjHHe. Be3 Oabra M^bHHCKOií h 6e3eeiipaMbicCŕ JlOMOBblM HC y3HaTb6bI H3M MjIbH MjlbMMa T3K, K3K Mbl eľ0 Tenepb 3KJ- cm, 6c30/ibrnH3 B3mafla Ha repon Mbi no chx nop He r/iaae/m 6w nauč: naanoKaiuMM o6pa30M. <...> r. IoHHapoB, K3k CMeabiií 3H3Tok ccpji" •ic^oBe'iecKoro, c nepBbix cueH Momiy Ojibroŕi h ee nepBbiM n#'" hukom, OTflaa 6ojibujyioao;iio mhtphth KOMHnecKOMy 3/ieMeHTy. EroóK noao6n3H, H3CMeuijiHB3H, 6oíÍK3H Oabra c nepBbix MMHyT c6jih*ch«« nmm Bce CMeuiHbie ocoôchhocth repon, He o6M3HbiB3>icb hhckct*1 HipaCT HMH, nOMTH H3CJia>KJiaeTCH HMH H OÔM3HbIBSeTCfl TOJIbKO BCf11'1 pacMCTax Ha TBepaue ochobw xapsKTepa 06/ioMOBa. Bee 3T0"lV pa3HTe^bHo Bepno m bmcctc c tcm ciwejio, noTOMy hto flo chx nop *** eine H3 nosTOB He ocTaHaariHBancH hs BeanKOM 3H3mchhh hokho-ko« ' HCCKOH CTODOHbl B JllOÔOBHblX flejl3X, M «Kay TeU KSK 3T3 CTOpOHa nee ^ cyiuecTBOBana, bchho cymecTByeT h BbiK33biB3eT ce6a b Go/ibinc"1^ liaillHX CCp/jeHHblX npMBH33HH0CTeH. <...> ^ Mbi yxe cK33ajiH, hto hokhsh, jikdôaiush HaTypa 06/ioMOBbi^' oiapHCTCH 'iepc3 aio6oBb - h MoxeT aw 6biTb HHane c hhctok). ^ 542 A.B. flPyJKHHHH lacKOBOŕi pyccKoíí aymoio, ot kotodom aa*c cc aciiocn. ouoiima p.ic T.1CHMC C HCKyUiaiOUJHMH nOMblC^aMH. Mj'lbH M.lbH'l BUCKa ILUH HIIO.I HC 'ICPCI ^loGOBb CBOK), H 0;ibľa, 30pKa« flCByiUKa, HC tK.-tai.ICI. ( li MCpCflTCMH COKpOBlimaMH, HTO I1CDC/J HCH OTKpbWHCb. BoT()MKTU BMC IUHHC, a ot mix jiiiiiii) o.uiii mil ;io caMoii cymecibcmiiom mcuimm p<> tuma. O/ibra nonHJia Oô^OMOBa 6^hjkc, mcm iiohhji cio LUto.ii.u. f».in ine, hcm bcc ^Hua, eMy npciiaHHbic. OHa pa iMnatna b mcm h mcamoc i i. BpojimeHHyio, h MMCTOTy Hpaßa, m pyccKy» iicnoGiiBocrb. h puiiapc KytOCIIOCOflHOCIb K lipCJiailHOCTH, 11 pcillMIC II.HVH) HCt IMK.iMHíK II. Ml K;iK(X'-HH6y;ib hcihctoc íicjio, h íiaKoiicu - -icto iuGmkiti. mc.io.iamo pajiviMjic^a n hcm 'le^oiieKa opMiiinanbiioro, 3a6aiiMoio, mu 'uk min m HHCKO/lbKO HC IipCipCHHOrO B CHOeÜ OpHTHHa/lbHOCTH. <...> CoaaauMe O^brn Ta k iio^ho — h 3aaaMa. ck> Buiio^HCHiiax b poMiuic, nuiioJiHCHa Tax 6oraTO, hto aanbHCHUiee mohchcmmc tm na (XvioMoiia licpc3 iipyrnc nepcOHaXM cranoiiMTCH pockouii»k>, mmoi.i.i mciivamok) Ojuwm H3 npejicTaBHTeaeří stoíí MinniiiMctí pocKomii hiuhctcm h.im UjTWIbU, KOTOpbIM, KaK KaXCTCH, HeflOBOnbHU MHOIMC Ml MOHMtiltC ICH i. loii'iapoiia. ÜVui iiac coBcpiiieiiHo hcho, hto jto jimuo Gw;io iíuvm.imo m oGflyMaiio npcxcae O^brn, hto Ha ero ao/no, b npcxiicM m;icc aiiTopa, iiaiiui Be^MKiiii rpyn yncuciiMH OG^OMOiia m oG.iomoiiiuiihw nyrcM bccm hohhthoio ripoTHBonocTaBJíCHHH^iiyx rcpocB. HoO.ibia BMbia ittc ac.io HCBOH pyKH, K HCl IIIIIIOMV C'iaCTMK) ailTOpa M I, C. 1.1 HC Cl O lipon IBC.1CHHM AlUpCÍi HlTO/IbH HCHC'3 nCpCfl lieK), KaK HCHC JilCT XOpOIIIMH, HO oGukho- HHHUfl wyxncpe^CBOCM6jiHCTaTCJibiioo;uipcHHOK)cynpyioK). Po.ii.cio crana nc3naHHTe^bHoio, bobcc ne copa3Mcpnoio c TpyaoM m oGiiiiipnoc-TbKi noaroTOBKH, K.iK po^b aKTcpa, ueJibiH roji roTOHMBiiiciocH MrpaTb ľaM.ieTa m BbicrynHBiucro nepea ny6jiMK0H b pontt Jla3pTa4. <...> 3a IBraibueM ocrajiocb TO/ibKO hckotodoc yHacTiic b McxaiiunccKOM xo/ic tecii HHipMiH, m eme ero 6ccnpcacabHaíi ^loGoBb k ocoGc (XvioMOBa. b woii, HiipoHCM, y Hero MHoro conepiiHKOB. H B CaMOM nCJie, OKHHLTC llCCb pOSiail BIIIIMaTC.ll.Hl.IM BII IH.IllM. M »bi yBHjíHTe, KaK mhoto b hcm jihu, npcaaHHbix M.ibc M.ihmhv h aa*c °<>o*aiouiHX ero, 3Toro KpoTKoro roayö«, no Bupa*cniiK) Oh.im M3axap,MAHHCbfl,H lĽT0abU,H0abra,HBH.1blMA.1CKCCCH lw-cl|P" wc'ieiibi npcaecTbio stoh hmctoíí m ue/ibHoti naTypbi. nepca KOTopo» TO^bKO TapaHTbCB MO)KCT CTOHTb, He y/lbl6aHCb M HC HyBCTByH na ^ywe renaoTbi, He noaiuyHMBa« Haa Heň h He «Caan ee npMroayôMn. Ho HMHbe o6oxaHHe (aaxe cHMTa» lyr HyBcraa O.ibru b ayunyio "opy ce yBacHCHHH) hc TporaeT Hac t3K, KaK .iio6obi. Ara(|)bM MaTnccii 543 4 Pycctcax jiumepamypnan Kpumm, Xf _XVIII-nana Aa XX ^Hbi k OĎaoMOBy, tom caMOií AraobbH MaTBecBHbi riuienHUbíHoň, koto pan c iicpBoro cBoero noaaneHMH noKa3a^acb HaM 3JibiM aHrejioM Hm M^bima, — h yBbi! .aeíícTBHTeabHO caejianacb ero anbiM aHreac-M. <...> CxpanHUbi, b KOTopbix HRíiaeTCH HaM AraípbH MaTBeeBHa, c cavioň ncp-boh jacTCHMHBoií CBoeŕí 6ecejibi c Oojiomobum, Bepx coBcpuieHciK! > XyaOXCCTBCHHOM OTHOUJeHMH, HO HailJ 3BTOp, 3aKJIK)lian nOBCCIl iiepecrynHJi Bee rpaHH CBoefi o6biimow xyfloxecrneHHOCTM Han na« iaKHC CTpOKH, OT KOTOpblX CepjUe pa3pbIBaeTCH, CJie3bI JlblOTCH H3 Klu1" h aywa 3opKoro MMTaTeaa yjieiaeT b o6jiacrb tmxoíí no33HH, htojiocw nop, H3 BCeX pyCCKMX/IKXaeň, 6bITb TBOpUOM B 3T0H 06jiaCTH 6bUIO.iailO oflHOMy ľlyuiKHny. CKopôb Ara(pbn MaTBeeBHbi o noKOÜHOM Oôjiomc- BC, CC OTHOWCHHH K CeMCMCTBy H AHiipiOIIie, HaKOHeU 3T0T flHBUblľ aHaan3ceflyiuH h ce npoauiOH cxpacTH — Bce sto BbiuiecaMoii Bocrop- XCHHOÍÍ OUCHKM. <...> <...> 06jioMOBmnHa, Tax nojiHO o6pncoBaHH3H r. ibHkhbct y Hac c Heo6biKHOBeHHOü cunoio.ciiK ne c;ieflyeTiiyMaTb, mtoô o6^0MOBUiHHa npnHaanexajia oähom Pocchii Koraa poMan, hbmm pa3ÔnpaeMbiH. 6y.neT nepeBeaeH Ha MHOCipamm: h 1I.IKH, ycncxero noKaxeT,ao KaKoW creneHH o6mn n bccmhphijtiiiii. cio nanonnHioiuHe. ľlojiHiiy Bcero CBeTa pacceaHbi MHoroiiHc;iciin!.: Gpan.H HabH HibM'ia, to ecTb jikmh, He nouroTOB^eHHbie k noa*™- MCCKOH XH3HH, MHpHO yKpblBUJHeCfl OT CTOJTKHOBCHHH C HCK) H HC KU naiomne CBoeii upaBCTBeHHoii apeMOTbi 3a mhp bojihchhh, k KOtopu« ohm ne cnocoöHbi. <...> 06aoMOBmnHa rauKa, «kctih OHa npoHcxcoHT OT rnHJiocTH, 6e3naae>KHOCTH, pacTJieHHJi h 3Jioro ynopcTBa, HoexM« KopcHb ce TaHTCH npocTo b He3pejiocTH o6mecTBa n ckcíithmcckom kí1 JicGaiiHH MHCTbixflyuioK) JiK)aeií npea npaKTHHecKoŕí 6e3ypRflniieii. ít ôbiBacT bo Bcex Mojioiibix cTpaHax, to 3JiHTbcn Ha Hee 3H3hmttojkc^' iHHTbCH Ha pc6eHKa, y KOToporo caHnaiOTCH r/ia3KH nocpejiH BCiepHC KpHKJIHBOH ÖCCCÄbl JHOfleH B3pOCJlbIX. PyCCKafl OÖJIOMOBlUHHa T3K. ona ynoBjíeHa r. ľbH'iapoBbiM, bo mhotom B036y>imaeT Haiue Hera»«-HHe, ho mu He npH3HacM ee orionoM thhjiocth uhm pacTJieHMH. B to" to h 3acnyra poMaHHCTa, hto oh KpenKO cuenHJi Bce xopHM oftio*» iUHHbl C IIOMBOH HapOflHOH XH3HH M n033HH — npOHBHJI H3M tt WT HblC H HC3JI06HUC CTOpOHbl, He CKpbIB HH OCHOTO M3 ee HCÄOCTaTK'1- 06;iomob - peoeHOK, a He apaHnoň pa3BpaTHHK, oh cohh, a hc« h pa bctbc h h bi h sroncT mjih sriHKypeeu. BpeMeH pacnaaeHHfl. Oh iWjJ neu na /io6po, ho oh noaoxHTejibHo HecnocoöcH k 3JioMy «eW üyXOM, He HĺBpaUlCH XHTeiiCKHMH C0(pH3MaMH — H, HeCMOTpH Ha*1' 544 a.b. apy»Hiinii CBOK) )KM3HCHHyiO GCCIIOJIC IHOCTb, 3UKOHHO JaUUflCBaCT CMMtiai MC K) Kex oKpyxaiouiHX ero nun, no-BnanMOMy ot;ic:ichmijx ot Mcro uenon> ÔeiflHOK). <...> MoxeT 6biTb, ÄoraaKM nauín iioKa^yrcH MHOMy MM mc co-KCM ocHomncjibHbiMM, 110 TaKoua íiaiuaTOMKa jpciiHH, h h M^MM tTH CC H H KTO MC HMCCT npaBa COMHCBaTbCH. Hc ja KOMH'ICCKMC CI()|H1 hu. ne 3a )KajiocTnyio xM3Hb, ne 3a hpohbjichhh o6ihmx bccm hum c.1.1 60CTCH jik)6mm Mbi Mjibio M^bH'ia OGaoMOBa. Oh aopor hum kuk «ic.no Hex cuoero Kpa« h CBoero bpcmchm, KaK hcjl/ioChuh m iicaiiijh pefte HUK, CnOCOÖHbJH, lipu HHblX OGCTOHTCJII^THÍIX AH IIIM H HIIOM pa Hill THH, Ha flc;ia hctmhhoh ^ioGbh h mh^occpahh. Oh nopor hum k.ik v .isuk'khi i či li i;ih m iHCItUl naľypa, Bno/inc 11c kiiihcmm.ih or toIi cxd .laCTHKO-MOpajIbHOÍÍ HCTaCKailHOCTH, HT0 HHTHaCT CoGoK) Otp«)MII(K- fx).ibiiiHHCTBo ;iKxaeíí, ero npc3npaiomMX. Oh aopoi n.im 110 hcthhc KtKOlO IipOHHKUyTO BCe ero COJflailHC, IIO TUCHHC KOpilCH, KOlopUMlI no3T-xyflo>KiiHK ciiH3an ero c naujcM poAHoA iiomboio. M iiaKoiicn, M ikiOctch HaM K.ik 'ly/iaK, KOTopi.iii b iiaiiiy Jiioxy cc6h;ik)6hh, yxHiupc IIIIH H IICIipaBJlbl MIipMO nOKOH'IHJl CBOM HCK, HC 0f)H;iClllllH HM OaHOll) •icaoBCKa, hc oGMaiiyBiiiH hh o^noro >icaoi»CKa h hc iiaymnuiM hm on HOľO MCaOBCKa "ICMy-HMÖyjlb CKBCpHOMy. nFHMEHAHHH Hiicpiiuc onyGaHKOBaiio b «ypnaac «BHDaHoicKa xn» htchhh» (1859, f* 12). ílciaTacTCH c coKpauKiiMHMH no HP» Kpmtmm 50-x roao« XIX hc kb. - M., 2002. - i him mi i ick.i pyccKoll kphthkh). ' PcMMHHCUCHUHHH3II09MU H.B. ibro.iH.McpTiiwcayuiM.(rn II) -IV kl <• > aascM bcc, 1TO hh ecTb b Tc6c, oöpaTM.io na mc h m iiaiHMe omM.iaiiM« '«Coh OöaoMOBa. 3iimio;i hi hcmkohmchhoio powaii.f um 1 <>ii>ívihm> MH B 1849 r. B «JlMTcpaTypnoM CÖOpilHKC». rioflHOCTMO txiMaii .(Xmomob. r.u 1 MnaiBH b *ypnanc «Otcmcctbchhuic wiimckm» (1859, N» 1—4). 'ilpyjKHHHH HMCCT B BMay CBOK) CTaTMO .ílOBeCTH M paCCMJU M T^piCMC •»'. » KOTOpoH OH MHC3JI O TOM, 'ITO XapaKTCp PyflHIia HC MO*CT 6wtw pacKpwT "*VC1 OTIIOII1CHMC K ai06MM0H JKCH1UMHC, TaK K3K ICpoH «HC CIIOCoßcM K CTpi- CT«». 4 PcHb MaeT o TparcaHH LUeKcimpa «rauncT». Jlajpr - 6041 O^cimm 545 { i BACHYIHH nETPOBHH BOTKHH (1811—1869) B.n. Botkhh poawacfl b MocKBe b yflHBHTejibHOH ceMbe:ero6pa-; íl MII ßbIJIH 3H3MeHHTbIH Bpa4 C.I1. BOTKHH, aKSAeMHK XRBOM M.n. Botkhh m KOJiaeKUHOHep JX.U. Botkhh. Okohhhb b iohoctii'ü. THbiü naHCHOH, Botkhh bflajibHenuieM CHCTeMaTHnecKH Heymuc». 3KTHBHO 3aHHMancH caMOo6pa30BaHneM: nacTO 6biBan 3a rpaHnuc« nocemaa My3en, 6h6jihotckh h raaepen, yMwaca My3biKe, caMoaoi TCibHO H3ynaji «3HKH. HcKpeHHe BjnoÔJieHHbiíi b HCKyccTBO, Botw nncaji o My3biKe, XHBonncH, eBponciicKOH JiHTepaType. EroaaTbiiin; jiMKOBaancb b Tex xe H3aaHHax, rae coTpyaHMnaa EeaHHCKHii («Tc CKone» h «Moime», «Mockobckom HaojnoaaTeae», «OTeqecTBeHHuv. nHCKax»). 3HaMHTeabHoe KoawMecTBOcy>KaeHHM h oueHOK Botkhh3ci> aepxHTCH b ero oöujhphoh nepenncKe c Ecrhhckhm, 6aHxaüiDHM.:r roM KOToporo oh 6bui. Botkhh 6bia leaoBeKOM b CMbicJie TBopiccr* ÜOCTaTOMHO JieHHBbIM H He CnOCOÖHbIM K yCHflMHBOH nOBCeflHCBHOII TepaTypHoii paöoTe, cn6apHTCTBOBaji, ycTpaHBa/i apyxecKite o6c;> aaxe 6yayiiH cMepTejibHO 6ojibHbiM. Ho sto coneTSJiocb b hcmctw- KHM 3CTCTHlieCKHM BKyCOM, 3 K eTO ľJiyÔOKHM H OpMľHHanbHblM CVA.:. HHHM o JiHTep3Type h HCKyccTBe BeaHHCKHií Bceraa c BHHMaHHeM n[v cnyujHBaacn. XapaKTepHbie MHaHBHayaabHbie nepTbi cthjih Eotkim KPHTHK3 - BHHM3TejlbHbIH aHaJlH3 JIHHHblX BneMaTJieHHM, peüKOC X TeTHMeCKOC HyTbe H OÖMJIHe CpaBHeHHH C 06p33aMH My3blKM, JKMBOIV CH H, KaK HM CTpaHHO, rSCTpOHOM H M - CJlOXMJIHCb y)Ke B 40-e ITH« TaBaJIHCb HeH3MeHHbIMH. M3BecTH0CTb BoTKHHy npHHecan «riHCbMa 06 McnaHHH», ony6.mť BaHHbie b «CoBpcMeHHHKe» b 1847—1851 rn, coaepxaBuiHe pa3MbW-huh 06 HCKyccTBe, o XHBoriHCH, o íoňe, BejiacKece, HcnaHCKiix mv*-'1 riocne CMepTH BeaHHCKoro Botkhh ocraBancfl aKTHBHbiM corpp*' kom «CoBpcMeHHHKa». Ero CTaTbfl «H.n. OrapeB» (1850) 6bUiabto^" UHioie «BTopocTeneHHbie pyccKHe nosTbi», HanaTOM HeKpacoBbiM. B«-Te c HeKpacoBbiM oh Beji «3aMeTKH o xypHaaax» 1854—1855 rr. B 1856-1857 rr. Hawaaocb coanxeHHe EoTKHHacflpy*nHHHl^' Taoce c An. rpnropbeBbiM h bo3hhkjio HenpMfrrae KpaříHOCTeií KP"' MccKMx cyxacHHM MepHbiiueBCKoro. EaH3ocTb BoTKHHa k CTOpfl^ KaM «MHCToro HCKyccTBa» npoHBanacb b caMOÍi ero H3BecTH0ii «CTMXOTBOpCHMH OcTa» (1857). B.II. BOTKHH 546 BOTKMH OTHOCMTejlbHO pCaKO BblCTyiiaJI B HC'iaTH, HO HC.lblH HC.IO- oucHHBaTb cro jiM'iHoe oôiueHHC m iicpcnncKy c iimchtcjimmm m kpmim iuimm 40—50-x rr. (naiipMMcp, c Octom, TyproicHUM, TaicruM) CTHXOTBOpCIIHH A.A. dH'1.1 <...> ripujnaeMCH, 'ito, npHCTynaH k cyxacumooeimmopemun i «iYra, Mbi naxoaHMCH BOoabwoM i.iipy.uiciiHH.iLiHoipoMHoiofx) n. lUHHCTBa MMraTejieM Tanam- r. OcTa aancKo hc hmcct toio jiia'icHHM. UKHM no-ibiyeTCH oh Mcxay /uiTcpaTopaMii. <...> ľ. Oci hc íiojt ot- MC'ICHHblX MblCaeW, KOTOpbie B CTHXaX HMOOT Ty BUrOay, MIO. KaK flbl IIDOMN'ICCKH OH H HM ÖbWH BbipaXCHU, OHN lipHMO OpOCatOTCH B Maid •IMTaTCHO H HC CT3BHT CľO B 3aTpyaHCHHC OTHOCHTMbHO IIOHHM.IHHM CTHXOTBopc h h n; a öojibiuan 'lacTb MMTaTCJicň coiicpiucHHO yaoinciBo- POIOTCH 3THM, HC 3a60TflCb 0 TOM, n03THHCCKH ;IH BUpa*CHIJ MUCIN JTH. Baaroaapit TaKOMy acrKOMy cnocoöy mhomic comhhhtcih cthxoh cibiByriu) mhciihh HCKOTopbix mHTaTejicH 3a HacTomiiHX no'JTon. C.ipy roH CTopoHbi, r. Oct He nosr KaKoro-anoo ijiyöoKOMUcicHHOio m>i-ipcmiH. 3tot poa no33HH, xoTH noiiHMacTCH TpyflHcc iipcnbuyuicio. HOTaK K3K BCflKOe B033pCHI1C MOXtlO (xUICC M.1H MCHCC OllpCnCINTb HO-lOacMTClbHblM, OPICT^HBblM o6pa30M, TO MpC3 3T0 OnpC>lC1CHHC BUHC MHCTCH JUIfl HHTaTejieíí flOCTONHCTBO H 3H3HCHHC HOJTa. \ OCTB, HaiipO-TUB, IIOJTH'ICCKOC MyBCTBO HBJ1HCTCH BTaKOH npOCTON, JOMaiUHCN OaCÄ-JC, HTO HCoGxOilHM OWCHI. BHNM3TCJIbHUN Ma3, MToGu WMCTHTb CľO, km 6oace 'ito ccpepa Mbicacíí ero BccbMa HcoöiuHpua, coKpuaiinc hc OT.IH'iaCTCH HM MHOrOCTOpOHHOCTNK), Mil n\fx)KOMUCIHCM, HH'll.i III T3K liaiblBaCMOrO COBpCMCHHOrO HC H3XOÜNT B HCM HH Ma,icHincro OT-lUBa. HaKOHCU, B033pCHllH C TO HC II MOOT B OCHOBC CBOCll HHk.lKIIV 11(1 CIOHHHblX H OnpcacaCHHblX MOTH BOB, HHK3KOrO pCJKOľO XapaKTCpa, KO- Topuii, iiooôuic. Ta k oöacniaeT nonNMaHHC noara. BCC 3T0 T3K; HO TeM HC MCHCC MU C'IMTaCM ľ. OcT3 HC TtWIbKO MCTNH-"WM nojTHMCCKHM T3J13HTOM, HO «BJICHHCM pCflKHM B HBUIC BpCMB, UDO »CTHHHUH nOJTNMCCKHH T3J13HT, B K.'IKUH f. 1.1 CTOICHH HH npOHBJIHIC» °h, ccTb Bceraa pcaKoe n meinte: an» 3Toro Hyxno mhopo oco6ch«ux. «acMHBbix. npnpoanbix ycioBNli. KaK, bto bpcmh, Koraa mhp Mcnav •H HCK.lK)MNTCJlbHO 3a50T3MH O CBOHX MaTCpUtlbHUX HHTCpCCÄX, KOfaB jyuia coBpcMCHHoro icaoBoca norpy3itaacb b mcptiwiuhc Bonpocu 06 )ao6cTBax MaTcpbmibHoro cbocto cymccTBOBanHH, Koraataic Hacrociu- UlaTCS H.1H CTOHU, IU1N lUIHKH npeCUlUCHHOfT) 3ľOHJMa. KOTHS pa U> 547 PyccKüH JiumepamyptwH Kpumun _XVIII-natajia XX 8», MU) H COMHCHHH, yHHMTOXMB B HaC MOaOaOCTb H CBexeCTbOUiyiUCHMU oTpuBmiH b HMX BCHKoe npaMoe, ueabHoe Hacjia>icaeHHeiiyxoBHUMH6.u laMH JKH3HH, — B 3TO BpCMH HBJIHeTCH ľI03T C HeB03MyTHMOIO «CH«-THK) BO B30pe, C He3ao6nBOK3 flyUJOKD MJiaaeHUa, KOTOpUH KaKMM wyjioM npowcji Mexay BpaiKayioujHMH CTpacTHMH h yGexneHHUMM, i« TpOHyTblH HMH, H BbIHeC B UeaOCTH CBOeft CBeTJlblH B3ra«a Ha XH3HI. COXpaHHJI MyBCTBO BCHHOM KpaCOTbl, — pa3Be 3TO He peaKOe, He HCK.TIO- •iMTeJibHoe HBflCHHC b Hanin BpeMeHa? «Ho Bce 3to CKopee OTpMuaTcu Hbie, HOKCJIM nOaOXMTCabHbieaOCTOHHCTBa! — MOryT B03pa3HTb H3M, - h h kto ne HMeeT npsBS OTpbiBaTbCH OT CBoeň coBpeMeHHOCTH n eerpt-6ob3hmm, a no3T ewe MeHee BCHKoro apyroro. Oh aoaxeH Gim Bbipa3HTeacM, whbum, buchimm opraHOM CBoeü COBpeMeHHOCTH, Bnpo-TI1BHOM cayiiae oh 6yaeT noxoaHTb Ha riTHuy, KOTopaa, ca\ia hc 3iiis aan Mero, nocT bchkhh B3aop, kskoíí B3ÖpeaeT eň b roaoßy». Hct, otk thm Mbi noMTemibiManaaKTHKaM, npHHHMaiomHM nace6n (paHanncc KHH Haa30p 3a CBOCH Me^KOri COBpeMCHHOCTblO1 , — HCT M TblCHHVpaj HCT! ripOKae BCHKMX Tpc60B3HHH COBpCMeHHOCTM CymeCTByeT JIM1»!« a, cymecTByeT 3mo cepdue, 3tot MeaoßeK, HMerouiHH HeoTbewiCM« iipaBo 6biTb caMHM co6ok3, to ecTb MyBCTBOBaTb, ayMaTb, He cnpaam flCbC MHMOJieTHbIMHTpc60BaHHHMM COBpeMeHHOCTH. He 6ecnOKOMTCa MM H 6C3 TOTO BO BJI3CTH 3TOH COBpCMeHHOCTM, H3M HeKyaa OT Hee JC-B3TbCH. <...> Ck;i/( im OTKpoBenHo, Mbi cHJibHO noao3peBacM b HeaocraTKC no illľICCKOrO liyBCTB3 nOMTCHHblX nOKJlOHHHKOB COBpeMeHHOCTH, DC) P3360p3 HaBH3blB3K)mHX ee BCHKOMy npOH3BeaeHHK3 HCKyCCTBa. Pa3BC Meaoana, KOTopsH ycaaa.Haa Hsiue cepaue, MeHee aopora h3M orroro. mto oHa HHMero He roBopHT o coBpeMeHHOCTH? Pa3Be npHpoaa, c« BCMHOK3 KpacoTOK), coBepuieHHO yrpaTMaa Bce CBoe OMapoB3HHC, no-TOMy mto name cepaue H3MeabM3ao h hccoxjio b xhtchckmx bojihchh-hx? P33Be BHyrpcHHHe, TaHHCTBeHHbie aBHxeHHH ayuiH, Bbipa*eHH!K bo Been hx nosTHMCCKoň rayÖHHe, noTepajiH yxe ann Hac 3Ha«HH< HOTOMy MTO B HHX BbICK33blB3K)TCH HC o6mwe, OTBJielieHHbie MbICJlH. 3 anMuue, caMoöbiTHbie aBHxcHHH Me^oBenecKOH ayuiw, KaK npwpoi1; BCMHO OaHHaKOBOH H BeMHO HOBOH B CBOHX BHyTpeHHHX HRaCHH'* Bonpoc b tom, CBo6oaHo an, hckpchho jih bo3hhk3K3T ohh Bayuien0; 3T3. B 3TOM OTHOUJCHHH n033MH eCTb CaMblíí HOKHblíí, C3MblH M/TKH» UBeTOK, KOTopbiH He TOJibKo He TepnHT nu MaJieříiuero HaCWW*> H° bhhct npw jier-MaiiuieM npHKocHOBCHHH k HeMy npnayM3HH0CTH »• KaKoii-HHöyab nocropoHHen uean, aexameri BHe ee cBOÖoaHoii n »,c' obmchmom c(pcpbi. Ecm cMacTJiHBo oaapeHHbiH no3T HMceTaapy-1^ 548 B II. BOTKIIII iMTb BHyrpenHHc aBuxcHHH ayiUH cbocm - ohh ajih nac ncenuoy«yi jpaioiieiiHbi. Bot noMCMy i ich m m mu upon jbcvichhh i. cra. Co »pc-MCHii DyuiKHna h JIepMOHTOB3 mu ne inae.M Me*ay pyccKtum i nun iHopuaMH i ;i. im n i a ňojiee iiojiiimcckoio, k;ik iiuaiii i ei.i ( k,iai-m 6anee, no /iHpn3My MyBcnia cro mojkho nocrauHTb iiapnay c iiepnomiac ctiuMH I103T3MH. <...> Mu aaxc ayMacM, mto cthxh r. *I>cTa moxho ynOTpCÖ/lHTb K3K IipOÖHblH KaMCHb Oil H ViliaHHM, CCTb 11H U MHiaiC-TC IOMKO paiBHTOC IIO'JTHMCCKOC MyBCTBO. BWUe yJKC 33MCTH^H Mbl, MTO IViaBHUM AOCTOMHCTBOM II I llVie K.I • run naM JIHPM3M ero MyBCTB3. ToabKO r/iyÔHHa, CHaa m xcHocn» lys-cTBaaeaaiOT cio jimphmcckhm. Bot cauncTBenno hcihhhuh mctommhk i 1.1 ni mojím m! KaK öu B03BU1iichh3 mm Ďbiaa íiaiua Mucai>, cení ona nccraaa Bauício iuiothkj h kpobhio, JKinnbioayuni iuiiich. ciohom, ik-cacaaaacb iiauiHM anMiibiM MyBCTBOM h hc iicpeiio.'innaa coooh buiiicio ccpaua, — 6e3 3T0I0, b k3khx 6u BcaHKoacnnuv cnixav mm iiijpaA.i im HM CC, OH3 BCe-T3KH OCT3HCTCH oGlUCK), OTR/ICMCHHOK), ľOaOBHOK) MUC- IIIK) H I1033HH B HCH He ÖyaCT. <...> CrpaujHo noayMaTb, cKoabKO Hyxno ocoôchhux, cMacTamiux npii noanux ycaoBMií aaH ncTnnnoro h noanoro no3Ta! Hc ronopii y*c o r.iyôoKOH ayme, KOTopan oans aca3CT Mcaoacica noJTOM, — ho r/tyfo- KOMUCaeilHbni yM, HO BCCCTOpoHIIHH CMMIiaTHMIKKTb H MyTKOCTbayillM KCaMUM pajH006pa3HCHUIHM HHaCHMMM JtíH IHH, XyflO*CCTBCIIHOC M)'B tTi«)(popMi,i, layöoKoe hp3bctbchHoe MyBCTBO, kotodík ycaoiciMiiaci BotipciiHc cro na jkhjub m npaBO cyaa naa NM) — m b oraeawiocTM ■caxaoc h3 3thx cbohctb peaKO BcrpcMacToi b mcjiobckc, a lipu MM HaaooHociuc, mto6u cm;ict.'imbi.il o6ctohic:ii^ib.i .i;ľim wcm mhm m "oKyiiHUM CBOHCTB3M oouinpHOC oôpaMBaHMc! <...> EMy MCMCrOM-1CK0 OTucKHBaTb MaTepHaaoB aa« cBocro HCKyccrBa: ohm acxaT n ihm h itoKpyr ncro. Oh y3naeT BHyrpcHHce. noa k3KMMm Ou o.ica.wmm hm «puiiajiocb oho: oh noTOMy h nosT, mto Bcioay yjHacTcro. <...> BjTOMOTHoiiieHHHoco6cHH0 3aMCM3Tcauiu iipomucacHMH I «IVI.I KOBCCM KHH)KKC erOCTHXOTBOpeHMii HCT, MOAIIDCK.IUII.. Mil O.IIIOUI. KOTOPOC HC UI.IIi) 6bl BHyUJCHO BHyTpCHHHM, HCBOabHMM HOÔyJWICHM- "lyBCTBa. no3THMecKoe coacpxanwe ecn. npoiuic Bccro coacpmaHMc coocTBeHHOíi ayujH: sToro hum aaTb hhkto hc mo*ct; h ncpBoc >vao »"c BCHKoro aMpHMecKoro CTHXOTBopeHMH - MT06 oho 6biao iicpc*im» ÍHTOpoM, MT06 OHO 3aKJlIOMaaO B CC6C HCPCAMTOC H ST06 3TO HCpC*H- 'ocBbisBaaocro. HHoraa r. OeTcaM ne bcoctohhhhcoEU&acrbccbohm "ByrpcHiiHM, no3THMecKHM nooyxacHHCM; Bupaxaer cro hcv/ummo. ICMHO - HO, HeCMOTpH H3 3TO, MyBCTByCUlb. MTO OCHOBHOM MOTMB BCpCH 5*9 -y/ŕ PyccKüH Jiumepamypnaa Kpumuu _XVIII—Hauajia XX.... H HCKDCHCH, M npH BCeM HeCOBepiUeHCTBe, npH BCeH 3anyTaHH0CTII(Jiaio!. cc6e HHoraa rdKMe tohkhc, TaKHe, moxho CKa3aTb, 3(pnpHbie ottchu wyßCTBa, 'ito neT bo3mo>khocth yaoBHTb hx b onpeaeaeHHbix otmciv BblX MCDTaX H HX TOabKO MyBCTByeiHb B TO H BHyTpeHHeM My3blKiULH..« iiĽpcncKTHBe,KOTopyK)CTMXOTBopeHHe ocTaBJifleTBayujeiiHTaTejiii.iL! HanpHMcp, «rheau», «OaHTa3HH» h MHoracnpyrae.) PeaKoeH3crmoi BOpCHHfl r. OeTa He npo6y>icnaeT b ayuie stoh nepcneKTHBbi - Henpt MCIIHOC fleŕíCTBHC BCHKOPO HCTHHHO n03TM4eCK0T0 npOH3BeaCHHH, - iicpeneKTHBbi, b KOTopyno 3aayMiiHBo h oTpaaHO norpyxaeTca Hauiew CTBO, Tepaacb bo BHyTpeHHeň ee öecKOHCHHOcra. Mbi Ha3Baiin 6u i: BHyTpeiiHioio nepcneKTHBy sxom, ot3mbom, kotopmh npoöyxaaei iiaiiieii Ka>itaoe hcthhho no3TMiiecKoe npoH3BeaeHHe. <...> <...> ...Haao CKa3aTb, hto, Booôme, nosranecKMíí Tanawr. KecTBeHHoe 4yBCTBo cpopMbi, He aonycKaioiu:; HH OaHOH CMyTHOH MepTbl, HM OflHOTO HeTOHHOrO CJlOBa, HH OJHO: ujaTKoro cpaBHeHHH, peoKo nocemaeT ero. B HeM peaKO npHcyrcTi«; tot, KaK Ha3biBaeTero Torojib, HeyMoaHMbiíí BHyrpeHHHM cyanu, cti>" ro Tpc6yiomnH OTqeTa bo BceM h noBopawMBaroiuHH bcmkhíí pa npii ncoGayManHOM CTpeMaeHHH Bnepea2. B r. OeTC Booôuie MaioKpH- THMCCKOrO T3KT3, OH CaHUJKOM CHHCXOaHTeaeH K CBOHM npOH3BC.KH ' hm; K3K HMnpoBH33Top, oh öoabiueK) nacTHK) npeaocTaBaaeT hxcoŕci BCHHOH cyab6e. 3to mhoto BpeaHTeMy. <...> BHyrpeHHwii mhp r. OeTa — cKoabKo mm moxcm cyawTb no TBOPCHMHM C TO — He OTaHMaeTCH HH MHOTOCTOpOHHOCTHK), HH Hr/fo KOMbicaHCM coaepxaHMH. H3 Bcex caoxHbix h pa3HOo6pa3Hbix crop. ■■ BHyrpcHneH MeaoBeqecKOH >kh3hh b ayuie r. OeTa Haxoawr ce6e ontf oaHa ToabKO aK)6oBb, h to 6oabujeio nacTHio b Bnae qyBCTBeHHoroour? menHH, to ecTb b caMOM, thk cxa3aTb, nepBOÔbiTHOM, hshbhom W npoMKacHHH. BooouieaHMHaa, BHyTpeHHHH >KH3HboneHb M3aoaacTi,|f' nOJTHMCCKHX MOTHBOB. Ot 3TOTO H3 n033HH eľO He aOKMT T3 »P^ X3P3KTCPH3H new3Tb a h 4 HocTH, KOTopaa npeagie Bcero npHBaeKacTCii"-nsTHKO HHTaTeaH KanpHqecKOM no33HH, rae BbipaxeHHe aHWHofl *«' hm cocpcaoToweHHoro b ce6e cepaua cocTaBaaeT Bceraa npcooJiaa^ lunu HHTcpec. f OeT ecTb npeHMymecTBeHHO nosT BneMaTaeHH" 0 poaw. CaMyw cymecTBeHHyio CTopoHy ero TaaaHTa cocTSBaaeT Heo6w> HOBCHHo TOHKoe, nosTH'iecKoe HyBCTBO npnpoabi. B stom oh MO* nocnopHTbc nepBOKasccHbiMM no3T3MH. <...> BoabUJ3H qacTbno* ' 550 11.11. BOTKHH HÖCHT BOCIipOM3BOaHTb TOabKO CaMblC CHvlbHIJC, JO>|>cKTHbic mimchhm iipupoaw; y r. OeTa, HanpoTMB, naxoanT cc6c otíub caMuc o6uacti Hue. KOTopbie upoacTaioT MMMO nac, ne ocraBaHH Bayuie huiiich iimiu-kuio c.KVi.i. n »im rooGbiaeiiiibie MOMCiiibi noKaiuitici i kh3hmio, a 6c3otmctho paaycTCH cm. 3to KaKtxr-10 npocto-ayiiiHC lyBCTBa, KaKori-TO iicpnoGbiTiibiM, iipaianirinuM mi.iHa na mh ICHHfl All lllll, CBOMCTBCIlllblM HCpBOHaMXII.HOM JIIOXC •ICaOBCMCCkoi n cotnamiH. IlojTOMy-TOOHTaKiiaoporHaM, km ncBompaiiiMaH minx 11. nauia. Ottoi'ot3k iipiiBacKaTeabUbi, ucabiiu it iioaiiw MMR y r. Octa Mbccbi ainoaoi M'iecKoio' naw anTMHHoio coacp^aiiMa. <...> <...> HyitcTBO ripnpoabi r. OcTa nanBuoc, ciiCTaoc, m.iíuchmcckm-paaocTHOc, možkho cpaisiuiTi. ToabKO c HyBcriiovi iicpiwn kxioiiicckoH aioÓBM. B caMbix oöbiacunbix Hiiacminx iipupoaw oh yMCCT noaMCian. loiľiaiiiiiMc MHMoaeTHbícOTTCHKM, j(|)iipnbic iioayioHu, HcaocrymiHC .1IH AMBOIIMCM M KOTOpi.ie MOACT BOCIipoil IHOaMTb 0AH3 TOabKO I10JJHN CJlOBa — h HHKaK3H apyrsfl. <...> <...> Tmxhc, rayöoKHcoinyiucHMH, KOTopwc iipoxoa«T noayiuc. kcn M bij ctomtc H3 uiHpoKOM ayry h CMOTpMTC na wxoaHincc coaimc, OT KOTOpOľO lOaOTHTCH H CJ10BH0 B KaKOM-TO yMHaCHMM T3CT OkpVAHWM icc, — Bcab 06 3THX ouiyiuCHMHX aa*c h paccKaian. hcicio, a mca;i> tcm Bbi nepciyiicTBOBaan Tyr caauHaiHUHC CTpyH, 3aanBaiiiiiMc iwimv IP> II. HCHbipiUMMblM ňaaACHCIHOM. B0061HC IIOI1MH OIIIVIIICHIIII. k.lk "ee laayuícBiioc, po6Ka m CTbiaaMB3; oH3 amOHT ycaHHCiiHC m Moasa-HHc n noTOM — yBbi! — pcaKO cneTacT k hsm, a ccan txoraa m cacracT. BbipaíHTb CC, K3K BbICKajaTb to, mto 6c3 bchkoh ohcbiuhoh >xih •ipyrux npiiHMHbi Ta k caaaocTHO, rayooKO m ôoMcpno napyr <»xb.3TH.io •wiuy ayiuy? Kto ncpoKHBaa TaKiic MMHyru, oanu c npHpoaoio, b tm- Hhthmhoh i i i íií.ľim mh no33Mio r. Ocia; «rroöu MyBCTBOBaTi.ee npc--1cCTb, Haao aioÖMTb npupoay, TaK CKa^Tb, ccmchhoh awóoBWo. a»-6«Tb b ec oGbiaciiHbix hmchmax, b ec thxoh, ckpomho« Kpacorc. <...> r ^t hc CTapacTCH oriHCbiBaTb npupoay. hc aaacTCH b iioapoÓMOCTH. 551 IIHKO/IAÜ TABPH/IOBHH HEPHblUIEBCKHH (1828—1889) HJ. MepHbiLueBCKHH poflHjicH 12 (24 hkvih) 1828 r. BCapa™« ceMbe CBHiueHHHKa. OôynancH CHanana jioms, a 3aTeM b CapaTOBo. . ayxoBHoň ceMHHapHM. ilyxoBHoe nonpHme Maao npuBaeKaaoHepim-nieBCKoro n. He 33kohmhb ceMMHapwK), oh nocrynHJi Ha OTaeaemica-lueii cjioBecHOCTM (pHJiocotpCKoro khb3h nojiHTHHecKan aeflTeabHOCTb. nocae oKOHHaHHs ywi BepcHTCTa MepHbimeBCKHii Heaoaro pa6oTan peneTHTopoM bo2-mu aeTCKOM Kopnyce, a 33TeM CBbiuie aByx aeT (1851 — 1853) npenooaa' caoBecHOCTb b CapaTOBCKoří rMMHa3MH. B anpcjie 1853 r. OHyexin ľleTepôypr, rae Hsqan coTpyaHHHSTb b xypHaasx «Otchcctbchhuc riHCKH» h «CoBpeMeHHHK», b KOTopoM BCKope CTan BeaywHM Kpim KOM. OüHOBpeMeHHO OH TOT0BHJ1CH K MarHCTepCKHM 3K33MCH3M H P< 6oT3Ji HaaaHccepTauHeří «3creTH4ecKMe othouichhh HCKyccTBakjcü-CTBHTCJibHOCTH» (ny6jiHMH3H 33iunTa cocronascb b Mae 1855 r.). ílpo-rp3MMHblM KpHTHMeCKHM BblCTyTUieHHeM MepHbiuieBCKoro cTajiaw CTaTbH «06 HCKpeHHOCTH B KpHTHKe» (1854), CBHaeTeabCTBOBaBIIU* tom, MTO «CoßpeMCHHHK» nocTeneHHO o6peTaeT HOBoe «HanpaweHHf h noBjinHBUJ3H H3 HaeÜHoe p33Me>KeBaHHe b peaaKU.nn xypHSAI w ricpBbie cT3Tbn HepHbiujeBCKoro CTapbie coTpyaHHKH «CoBpeMeHHiiü1 BCTpcTHJih HacTopo>KeHHO, a Korfla noHBHJiacb ero aMCcepTauHH. P> Hor/i3cnH o6ocTpnaHCb eme 6ojibUje. MepHbiuieBCKoro oöbhhmh bh: n0HHM3HHH UeaeÜ HCKyCCTBa H CyUJHOCTH npeKpSCHOľO. O6 3T0M.' •lacTHocTH, roBopManJl.H.TojTCTOM, M.C. TypreHeB, A.B.Üpy*«H"H' apyme. OaHSKo MepHbimeBCKHň oôaanaa xopouJHM 3creTHHecKHMBtf com, yMea BbiuejiHTb c3Moe raaBHoe b npoH3BeaeHHH, pacKpwTi>oc>v ßcnHocTH TBopnecTB3 nHCSTeaeíí, o MeM CBHfleTe^bCTByeT, HanpH«- CTO CT3Tbfl, nOCBHineHHSH TBopMecTBy JI. TOJlCTOrO («fleTCTBO h aHUHCTHKC. OH HHCan CTaTbH HO (pHaOCOCpHH, noaMT3K0H0MHH. ff* ^.TbHHCKOMy BOnpocy, O P33BHTHH peBOJIKDUHOHHOrO flBMXeHH« • HJ. HEPHBIIIIEBCKHii (ppaiiHMH H t. a. 3a 3to bpcmh (BnaoTbaoapccTa b 1862 r.) Hcpiiuiucn .um naiiHcan Bcero rbc kphthhcckhc psooTbi: «PyccKMA McaoncK Ha rcndes-vous» h «He naiaaoaH ncpcMciibi?*. nocneo6iiapojiOB3HHH Maiui(J)ecT3 !9cBpain 1X61 i n uiipciitcii mux ueinypoil «nncbM3x 6e3 aapeca» (1862, onyöaHKOBanu h 1874 r. 3a rpaiiHUCM) MepubiiiJCBCKHM otkputo BucTymui npornu npa BHTCJIbCTB3. Oh 6bia HCKpCHHC' yOCHCaCH, 'ITO Hapo/1 rOTOB K BOCCTU-(IHK), H BMCCTC CO CBOMMM CTOpOHHHK3MH 3KTHHill) BKaK>'IHaiH B oprumsaiwoHHO-nponaraHOHCTKyio paoory no ero noaroTOBKc. 7 no h 1X62 r. McpubinicBCKMíi 6ua apccroBan. ľloBoaoM unit apccra nocay-ähjio nHCbMO TcpucHa h Orapcria, aapecoBairnoc H.A. Ccpno-Coao- RbCHH'iy, B KOTOpOM C0aepA3JI0Cb IipCJUIOACHHC IICpCHCCm MIl.llllH' «C'()BpCMCHHHK3» B JIoiMOH Hail B )KcHCBy. B OďHHOMHOH KaMCpC AlCK- cccitcKoropsBCJiHna ncTponaMOBCKoií Kpenoc™ Hcphmiiicbckhh na riMcan poMan «MToaejiaTb?», a T3K)kc HC3íincpiucnnyio iiobccti» «AnKHbix pa6oT, McpubiiiiCBCKHň 6ua OTupaincii H.l luven-HHe b rayxoři hk>tckhh ropoa BwDOltCK, rac «Ha 12 acT bthäc.ichiiihx ycaoBHHx. B 1883 r. MepubímcBCKOMy paspcumaH noccanTbCfl b Acrpa-««h, rae, 6yay l\ "Ha B03MO)KHocTb BepHyTbCH b CapaTOB, rae occnbio roro *c roaa yMcp. H i "poKHTbix acT 27 oh npoBca b saKaioMCHHii, na KaToprc h b ccuaKC. 568 -yfŕ PyccKOH jiumepamypnaH Kpumux» _XVJIl-Hauajia x.\,„ flercTBO h orponecTBo CoHtmeHHe rpa Ha6aioa3TCJibHOCTb y HHbixTaiaHTOB HMeeT b ce6e HewTO xojio/jhoc. ôeccTpacTHoe. Y Hac 3aMeH3TejibHeMLLWM npeacTaBHTeaeM stoh oco-6CHH0CTH 6bui nyujKHH. TpyaHO H3HTH b pyccKoii jiHTepaType 60.1« TOMHyio h XHByK) KapTHHy, KaK onHcaHHe öbiTa h npHBbmeK 6o.ibUiorc ßapniia CTapbix BpcMeH b Hanane ero noBec™ «Xly6poBCKHH». Horpyi ho peujHTb, KaK ayMaeT 06 H3o6paxaeMbix hm MepTax caM ľlyuJKii" KaxcTCH, oh roTOB 6bia 6bi OTBenaTb Ha stot Bonpoc: «MOXHoayWt* pa3JiMHHo; m He K3Koeaeao, CHMnaTHio hjih amnnaTHio B03ÖyflHT b w*-3TOT 6biT? h h caM He Mory peujHTb, yaMBaeHMH hjih HeroaoBaiiwi ^ 3acjiyxHBaeT». 3i-a HaöaioasTeabHocTb — npocTO 3opKOCTb rjiaia h na MHTJiHBocTb. y HOBbix HauiHX nHcaTeaeii TaKoro paBHoayuJHfl bu * HaříacTe; hx lyBCTBa 6ojiee B036yxaeHbi, hx yM 6oaee TOieH b cbom> cyxjicHHHx. He c paBHOio oxotohd hshojihhiot ohh CBOK) (paHraiHť HJ. MEPHMIIIEBCKIlfl 570 »ccMH06pa3aMn. KaKHc io.ii.ko Bcrpe-iaioTCH iianx iiym. hxiuk in fcllllUM BHHM8HHCM bcmaipMBaCTCH B 'IcpTU, KOTOpuc lipHH.CVICA.il ccpepc JKM3HH, naMooaee hx 3anHMaiomeH. TaK, iiaiipiiMcp, i Jypioic UOCOÖCHHO UpHBJlCKaiOTHBJlCHHH, HOJIOXHTCJIbHUM h.iii oipilll.lIC II. HUM OÖpaiOM OTHOCH1UHCCH K TO M y, lITO liaJblBaCTCH IIOJIHCK) ah IHM. h k BOiipocy o ryMaiiHOCTH. BiuiMainic rpacpa To.icioio ooicc hccio ofipamcHO na to, KaK ojhih 'lyncnia n mucjih paiiinuaKMoi n i ;ip\ i n\ CMy IIHTCPCCHO liafWlKViaTb, k3k 'lyilCTBO, HCIIOCpc.1ciiu.-IHU) HO 1MI1K.i I0IUCC H3 aaUHOrO nOJIOXCHHH HJIH BlICiaUlClIHM, IIOJI'IHHHHCI. H.1hm hiik) hoc 1I0M h lial) HÍÍ h CHJIC CO'ICTaHHH, lIDCJlCTaiUlHCMUX IMWfip.lAC HiicM, ncpexoJTHT b flpyrnc 'lyBCTBa, CHOBa BompainacTc« k npc*HCH ik Mi/mon io'ikc M olinu, h oiiHTbcrpaiiciiiyci. n imchmhci. ho bcch neun BOCHOMHHailHH; k3k MblCJIb, pOXilCHliaH ncpBblM OUiyiUCHHCM, BCJICI k apyrHM mucjihm, yaicKacroi aajibiiic n jiajii.uic, c.ihu.k-i ipe n.i c .ich CIIIHTCJlbHbl m H OUiyiUCHHHMH, MCHTbl O Öy/jyiHCM C pC(J)JICKCHCK) O Ha-CTOHIUCM. nCHXOJIOrM'ICCKHM anaiHl MOXCT lipHIIHMaib p.l 1.1h'iiiijc iiaiipaiiJicHHH: OAHOro no3Ta 3aHHMaK)T bccioöojicc o'ícpranMH xapaKic-Pob; jipyroro — bjihhhhh oöhicctbchhux othoiiichhh h ahtchckmx CTOJIKHOBCHHM h3 XapaKTCpbi; TpClbCIO - c1ih II. ■IVIICIIi i .Ulli ihiihmh. 'icTiicpToro — anajiH3 CTpacTeH; rpacpa Tojictoio »cero Gojicc — caM llCHXHMCCKHií lipOUCCC, erO c|)OpMbl, CrO 3aK0HW, AMaJICKTHKa JiyillH. MTOÖbl BbipaiHTbCH OnpeJJCJIHTCJIbHblM TCpMHHOM. Miapyrnx jaMC'iaTejibucüinHX nauiHXno3TOBÖojiccpaiBirra iracto-pona HCHxojiorHMecKoro aHannas y JlcpMOirroBa; ho h y nem ona Bce-TaKii HipacT cjiHUJKOM BTopocTcneimyK) po.n., oOnapyxHiiacicH ix- im. JU h TO nOMTH b COBCPUICHHOM IlOJI'IHHCHHH aiiaJHI iy 'lyBCTBa. H I 1CX npaiiHu, rjie oh3 BbicrynacT 3aMeTncc, caiia jih hc caMa« iaMCiaTCJiMian ".IMHTHblCBCCMpaJMbllUJieHHH Hc'IOpHHa OCBOHX OTHOIIICHHHX k kiima- »c McpH, Koraa oh 3aMeqaeT, mto OHa coBcpiiicmio yBJiciciacb mm, f>po-chb KOKCTHH'iaube c [pyiUHMUKHM flJIH CCpbCIHOil CTpaCTM. <..> 3tO BOBCC HC to, MTO HOAyMCMTaTejIbHUC, nOJiypCCpJICKTHBHblC hum anon nowmifl h MyBCTB, kotoplic pacryT, ABHAyTCH. h imchhiotch iic-PcanaiuHMH i i.i t.iMH, Koraa mm IMWMI noBccTb ipa.iH'inbic MHiiyrbi ayujeBHoii xh3HH amu. BbiBOAHMWx rpa Bot bom >KH3Hb yxe h npnroTOBHaa peiueHHe 3aaaMH, KOTopaw gaooo mhhmok) TpyanocTbio TaK o6ecKypaxHBaeT caaBHHoqbHaoB h apymx iuc-ajiHCTOB, Bcnea 3a caaBHHO(pHaaMn ToaKyiomHx o HaaoÖHOcTw aeaaTb n-KHe-TO (pauracTHMecKHe (})OKyc-noKycbi aaa c6aHxeHna c HapoaoM. Hu-KaKnx ocoôeHHbix uiTyK win 3Toro He TpeöyeTca: roBopHTe c MyauiKOM npoCTO h iienpHHyxaeHHO, h oh noiÍMeT Bac; BxoanTe b ero mhtcpccij, n ubi npno6pcTeTe ero coMyBCTBHe. 3to aeao coBepmeHHO aerKoe zuih toto. kto b caMOM aeae aioÔHT napoa, — aioôHT He Ha c/ioBax, a b ayme. nPHME HAttHfi flemcmeo u omponecmeo CoHuueiiUH epacpa Jl.H. Tojicmozo. CÍJ6. 1856. Boeniibie paccica3bi epaípaJI.H. Tojicmoao. CIT6. 1856. Bncpnbíc ony6;iHKOBano BxypHaae «CoßpeMeHHHK» (1856, N° 12). flciaTa-CTCfl c coKpaiueHHHMH no inaaHHio: HepimuteecKuu H.ľ. ľlucbMa 6eaaapeca: Có .iHTcpaTypiio-KpuTHMCCKHX h oömecTBe h ho- noji HTMMCC khx paôoT - M., 1988 1 Bce naiBaiuibíc 3aecb npoH3BeaetiHH 6buiH nepBOHaMaabiio nanewaTaHU» «ConpcMCHHHKe» 1852—1856 rr. 2 Hcpill.IUICHCKHH nOJIHOCTbK) BKJIIOMaeT b TeKCT CTaTbM BliyTpCHHHil M0H0- aor flpacKyxHHa ncpea CMepTbio 113 paccKa3a Jl.H. ToacToro «CeBacTono,ib» Mac Mecoue». He na 'iní d au nepejueHbi? PaccKa3bi H.B. YcneHCKoeo. ßee nacmu. CÍI6. 1861 Bncpiibic ony&iHKOBaHO b xypHaae «Cobpcmchhhk» (1861, Ns 11). ílcHaTaerc no iHoaHHio: HepHbirneecKuů HS. ľlucbMa 6c3 aapeca:C6. aMTepaTypHO-Kpirnw Kux h o6uxecTncHH0-nojiHTHiiecKMx paôoT- M., 1988. ' JJaaee MepiibiiiieBCKHii, aoKa3biBaa cbok) MbicJib, aoBoabHO noapoöHOMC oÖHjupubiMH BbinHCKaMH pa36npaeT psa npoH3BeaeHHH YcneHCKoro «O pyxa», «ryaHHbe», «ripoe3)KHH», «o603», «HoMb noacBerabinaeHb», «Ha nyní* 2 Meroa aHaaornň h cpaBHeHHH H36paH aBTopoM aaa toto, mtoöw, HecMorr* Ha ueH3vpHbie orpaHHMCHHH, roBopHTb c MHTaTeanMH o Tex couna-ibHO-naiirn'-hcckhx npo6aeMax, KOTopue oh CMHTan aicryaabHbiMH. 578 HHKOílAH A/IEKCAHflPOBHH AOBPOmohtm (1836 — 1861) H.A. /Jo6po/iK)6oB poanací? 5 (pcBpaaH (24miBap>i) 1836 r. n Hhaiicm HoBropoac u ccMbc o6pa loBamioro m npociiciucunoro cbh-mcHHocayxHTcaH. ncpBoiiaMajibnoe oGpa30-mhhcoh iiojiyMM/i aoMa, 3aTCM b mixcropoa-CKOM ayxoBHOM yMHaHure h ccMHnapnH. Jlc-10m 1853 r./JoöpoaioöoBOTnpaBHacH b ľlcTcp-6ypr, coCiipaHCb nocTyriMTb b/JyxoiinyK) aKa- .1cmiik), BMeCTO 3T0T0 OH CTaHOBHTCH CTyaCH- TOM iiCTopiiKo-(J)iiaoaorHMccKoro (paKyaiacTa r.iaBiioro ncaaroniMecKOľo HHCTHTyra. Okoh-'iHBHiicTiiryT.aeTOM 1857 r.,Jloöpoaiofx)BCT.ia IIOCTOHHHbIM COrpyaHHKOM «CoBpCMCIIIIHKa», ICHaMaia 1X58 i. pcaaK'ropoM KpiiniK()-f)iif).,inoip.i(|)iiMcľkonioi ic ia. Bccro oKoao ruiTH acT npoaonxaaacberoacHTcabHocib. MO m ta jtoi KopoTKiiii cpoK hm Gbuia upoacaana iiohcihiic iHiaiuíMccKaM pafiora. 011 ciaioaniiM n icaMbixaiiiopnicľHCHiiiiix kphihkohciwxmohpcmciiii ,l«»fi P0Jiio6oHßbia HCToabKoamcpaiypiibiM kphihkom, no 11 noanitrici k uvi acHTcacM, nyGaHixHCTOM, KOTopi.iií HcnoabJOBaa aioCyio nojMo*noai., •irofibi «To.ikoiian, o nit/1 c 1111 h x caMoii aiiiihi m.i ocikib.iiihh « h i c parypnoro iipon3BcaeniiH». Cobpcmchhhkob nopaxaaa i.iyoHiu h oc-iioiKircabiuKTb cyxaeHHii Moaoaoro McaoBCKa. cro lUHpoKa» (KitcaoM •ICHIIOCTb B BOnpOCaX (|)H.IOCO(|)IIH, jkoiiomhkh, MlViallll iikh. KlťlllKH h iHTcparypij. /JoöpoaioöoB6bia h6accthuihm campUKOM. F.10canipn-tecKMe npoiuBcaenHfl neMaTaancb iipcHMyinccTHcniio na cipaniniax •C'BHCTKa» - CaTHpHMCCKOrO IipnaOXCHHH k «CoBpCMCHMMKy». Bcc, 6aH3Ko iii.uii 11 ik' /JoGpoaioôoBa, roBopMaH o hcm kbk o scaoBC- WlipHMOM H npaUaHBOM, OTKpbITO OTCTaHBíllOlUCM CROM yUCJiUICHHH. HC >MCK)mcM aimcMcpHTb. «Oh cmcjcich b muo rayniiy,- bcmomhhm no-UMcc HcKpacoB,— pc3KO OTBopaMhBaacs ot HcroanH, oh coraauiaacH TOJlbKO C TCM, MTO HC lipOTHBOpCMHVlO CľO yOCXaCHMHM». MhOIUM ;lof>-PailoGoH kajitTCH CVXMM H MíľIO »MolIMOHUbMWM MC.IDBCkOM. l.lICkHM «"«MTCHCKHX paaOCreH M HHTCPCCOB. /JCMCTBMTCnbHO. BaHMMOH *H IHM W6ua oaHHOK, hoapy3b« 3HaaH, mto noa bhcuihcm xoaoflMOCTMo h cy-PoBocTbio cKpbiBaaacb orabiBMHBan m aoôpaa ayiua. ľlocioiwm Mcpnw- 579 PyccKOH JiumepamypHQH Kpumilkt _XVIII-nemgjia XX*,.. iiicBCKoro, oh «6biJi qejioBeK 'ipc3BbmaHH0 BneHaTaHTeabHbiň, cipaa Hbiií, h MyBCTBa ero ôbuin nopbiBHCTbi, r/iyöoKH, nbiaKM». PaôoTan üo6poaio6oB oneHb MHoro (riHcan, HHTaa Koppeicrypbi h p\- KOIIHCH, 3HaKOMHJICřI C XypHatlbHblMH H0BHHK3MH), HTO npHBCJIO K Otxv cipcuHio "laxoTKH. BccHoíí 1860 r. MepHbHueBCKHŕí h HeKpacoB\TOBopn JIH ero nocxaTbaeMHTbCH 3a rpanMuy, ho h TaM oh He npexpaiuaa pafxnaii CraTbH «Jly't cBda btcmhom uapcTBe» 6biaa HarmcaHa 3a rpanimeii b nc- PHO/J., KOraa aCMOKpaTbl n0ab30BaaHCbaK)60H B03MO>KHOCTblOaaH 11110- jKBHHfl cuoHX B3r/iH/joB h no/íHTHMecKOH nporpaMMbi. HeCOMHeHHO/no KPI1TI1K ny6;iHUHCTH>ieCKH 3aOCTpHJT OraeabHbie CTOpOHbl HJjeíÍHOrO 3B\ •laiiHH /ipaMbi, caeaaa H3 hhx npuMbie nojiHraqecKHe BbiBoau, hoüto OGbflCHMOCb BpcMeHCM co3flaHHH h MHpoB033peHHeM /Io6poaio6oiia. Bonbuje roaa npoxiia floöpoaioooB 3a rpaHHueii, o/jHaKO 3/jopoBbccro npoaoaxaao yxyawaTbCH, h oh peujna BepHyrbca b Pocchk). ľlpiicxaB b ľlcTcpGypr b aBrycre 1861 r., oh cpa3y xe BepHy/ica k aícniBHoii paôoTtii yxe BccHTHöpe onyôaHKOBaa cboio nocjiea.Hioio CTaTbio — «3a6HTbie jhojm» B Koi me ccnTH6pji flo6poaio6oB caer h yxe 6oabm.e He Bcraa. B HO'ibc I6ta l7no>i6pn 1861 r ,Ho6poaio6oBCK.OHiiancH ot Ty6epKyae3a. Hto ranoe oóaoMOBinHHa? (OônoMOB, poMSH H.A. ľoHnapoBa. "OTenecTBeHHbie 3anncKH», 1859, n3 I - IV) Hae *e tot, kto 6w na paaiiov H3biKe pyccKOH flyuiH yvieji 6m cKajan h.im BceMorymee cjiobo «Bnepea»? BeKH npoxonflT 3a bcmmh no/iMHJibona CMziHeň, yBajibHeft h 6oaBanoB.ipcM.ifi Hcnpo6yiiHO, m peaKo poxaaeTCH Ha PycM mv». yMeiouiHň npoH3Hecra ero, 3to BceMorymeeaow ľo/an flecnTbaeTxaaaa Haina nyôjíHKa poMaHa r. ľoHiapoBa. 3aacJiroJf ero noHBacHHH b nena™ o HeM roBopHJiH KaK o npon3BcatHH" HeoôbiKnoBCHHOM. K MTeHHK) ero npHCTynHJIH C CaMbIMH o6ujhphw«« oxH/ianMHMH. MexayTeM nepBaa qacrb poMaHa, HanHcaHHa» euic» 1849 roay h qyxaaa TeKyiuHx HHTepecoB HacTOjmieň MHHyrbi, MHoni* noKa3ajiacb CKyMHoro. B sto xe BpeMH noaBmiocb «flßopflHCKoe rHcv ao»J, n bcc ôbian yaaeMeHbi nosTHMecKHM, b BbiCLueii CTeneHH cHwna-THMHbiM Ta/iaHTOM ero aBTopa. «06/iomob» ocTajica anfl MHOrMX BClfr poHe; MHorwe aaxe MyBCTBOBaaw yTOMJieHHe ot HeoobmaííHO-TOHKon1 580 H.A. AOBPOJIIOBOB HiayßoKOio iicM\n'ieĽK()ioaii;Lin la, npouHKaioiucioBccbpoMaii i Iom lapoBa. <■> Hasí KaxcTCH, mto bothoiuchmm k íbtmapoHy fxvicc, ti\ ii.i sicpciniii. ho KiK ncayr iiecb paccKai, mtooii okaiMiviciiH hchum h um mui.Hi.iM o.iimeTBopcHiieM iix mmcjih. y t«ikhx amopou lautuiaH crputunu ňa'i Ha lo, Mioobi npaiyMHib "iiirarcaH, n mhoio iivaiio iio.iui.lumíku in •iim'n.i ne iioiiMii, MX... iaio luioaoM ticiihh h\ ftuiwci ui.nr it m vtcncc namoč (CMOipn no CTeneHH iíuiaiiia auTopa) tw.waiť c wkvH>. no ioacii mok)bocHOBaHHC upoHiBcaenHH. OcraabHOC bccyamyiHBaeiaiMepcJabb 'laca no npoMTCiiiiii khhiti. y ibii'iapona cobccm hc m Oh bhm hc ;lict. h, no-HiuuíMOMy, hc xo'ieraaTb, hmkíikiix iiuBoaon >Kh3hi., hm M«)6pa*u«c- MiUl.CayXlľľ.LIH HCrOHCC|X^CTlK)MKmU'IC,ICHIU»i(|)lt-H)C()l|illll..lll|WM(>K) iicabK) čími no ccOc. Imv net aeaa ao •hiiuicih h au umihviob, k.ikih- hu ic.i.icic m poM.ina: )io sa name acao. OuiiiOcicci. iicmiiuc ii.hh.im. fuHiopyKOCTb,a hiikíik hc naaBTopa. Oh ripcacraiimci iwim ahbuc h MBHHt n pyiacTCH ToabKo :ia cro cxoacnio c acHCTBinuaui(xrn.K). a ihm y* name acao onpcaeaMTb crencHb aocToiuícnia H3o6pa*ciiHwx imcu.h oh k 3TOMy coBcpnicHHo paiiHoayuicH. y Hero tier h TO« ropuMimcTM TaaaHTcro iicno;uiTaHB Ha BWatDKHMH. Oh hc lanocTaMpMiccKOM nccim upil Biraaae na po3y h coaoBbn; oh 6yacT nopaxcn hmh. octíihobhkh. f>\ acr/iojiro BCMsnjMUSrncfl h BCJiyuiiiiwTbCH. sanyMacroi... Kbkoh npoiiccc h noiipcMH iipoH30HACTBayuieero,3ToroHaMHcnoHirn.xopoiiiCHi*o Ho HOT OH Ha>IHHaCT 'ICpľHTb >ITO-TO... Bbl XOJIOIHO nCMjnpillHCTCCI. h nem nur eme Mcprbi... BotohhaeaaioTCH hchcc. bchcc npcKpacHee... h iwpyr. mcm> BCCTHO K.IKIIM MyilOM. H33TMX MCpT BOCCraKIT IlCpca BilMIl II (X) H. 11 CO co nccH cnocti npcaecrbio h oôaHHbCM. BaM piicycTCH hc tohjco iix i/ipai. mm MycTCH apoMaT po3bi, cabiuiaTCH caioiibMHUC inyKH... <..> B stom yMCHbc oxBaTHTb noanwM oftpai npcAMCTa. oricKainiii.. h i BanTb cro - aaKJHO'iacTCfl CHabHCHinafl CTopona TaaanTu loinapniu " iMi on iipeiiocxoain neex conpcMCiini.i\ pyccKiix iihciicich Mi m-e icnco 0&I.HCHJHOTCH Bcc ocTaabHbíc cBOHCTBa cro TaaaHTa. y nem ccti. HJyMHTCabHaH CnOCOÔHOCTb - BO BCflKHH aa.IHI.il MOMCHT 0CTaH0^^ •icryMcc HiiaciiHC xh3iih bo bcch cro ntWIHOTC M cbcjkccth m "o nepca C060K) ao tcx nop, noKa oho hc cacaacTC» ikwimo« npMii «*HocTbHD xyaoxHHKa. <..> y iicro ccTb apyroc cboíIctbo: c 581 Pyccxan Jiumepatnypnan Kpumui,, _XVIII—uauajia XX , ctbhc 11 no/iHOTa no3THiiecKoro MMpoco3epuaHHH. Oh hhmcm Heyanciu-ctch HCioiio'iMTcabHO HJiM yB/ieKaeTCH BceM oflHHaKOBo. Oh He nopaxa- CTCH 0/J.HOM CTOPOHOK) npeflMCTa, OflHHM MOMeHTOM C06blTHH, a BCpXHI npcaNieT co Bcex ctopoh, BbixnaacT coBepiueHMH Bcex momchtob mt-huh h Toraa yxe npncrynseT k hx xyaoxecTBeHHofi nepepaGoTKe. Oica- CTBI1CM JTOrO HBJ1HCTCH, KOHCMHO, B Xy/JX»KHHKe 60Jiee CnOKOMHOC Ufa- npHCTpacTnoc othoujchhc k H3o6pa>KacMbiM npe/jMeTaM, 6ojibUjan or-•icwMBOCTb b o'icpTaHHH asxe MeaoMHbix noapoGHOCTeii H pomiaH.io. BHHMaHMfl ko BceM MacTHocTHM paccKa3a. <...> <...> HCTOPHH OTOM, K3K JIOKMT H CnMT .floGpHK-JieHHBeU. 06.10M0K h K3K 1111 jipy)K6a, hm JiK)6oBb He Moryr npo6y/j,HTb h noaHHTb ero, - hc 6of BccTb KaKaa BaxcHaa hctophh. Hob Hen OTp33MJi3Cb pyccKaa mm. b nen npeacTacT nepcn naMH xhbom, coBpeMeHHbin pyccKHii thii, ot-■ u'i..uu'hiii.im c 6ecnomaaHOH3 cTporodbio m npaBHJibnocTbK), b hch cKa3ajiocb hoboc c/iobo Haujero o6mecTBeHHoro p33bmthh, npomnc-ccHHoe hcho it TBepao, 6e3 OTwaflHun h 6e3 pe6n>iecKHX naaona, hoc HOJIHblM C03H3HMCM HCTMHbl. CjTOBO 3T0 — o6jlOM06mUHCl, OHO CJiyAHI kjhomom k pa3raaKe Mnorax hb/ichmh pyccKOH xh3hh, h oho npiuiaci poMany ToHMapoiia ropa3/j.o 6ojiee oGiuecrBeHHoro 3Ha>ieHHH, hcac.ih CKOJibKOHMeioTcro Bee H3UJH oGaHMHTeabHbie noBecTH. B™ne O6.io- M0B3 H BO BCeii 3TOM 06j10MOBUJHHe Mbl BHAHM HeMTO 60J1CC, HCK.lll npocTO yasMnoe co3/aaHne CMJibHoro TajiaHTa; mm h3X0/j.hm b hcm upo- HJBCflCHHe pyCCKOM XM3HM, 3H3MeHHe BpeMCHH. OGjiomob ecTbjihuo He cobccm hoboc b HauieM JiHTepaiype; ho npc* ac oho ne BbicTaananocb npaa HaMH t3k npocTO h ecrecTBeHHO, KaK b poMane Ton'iapoBa. MtoGm He 3axo/jHTb cjiHUJKOMiiajieKO b cTapwiy, cu-xevi, iito poaoBbie Mep™ o6jiOMOBCKoro Tnna mu h3xo.jj.hm erne b Out-rune h 3jitcm HecKoabKo pa3 BcrpeMaeM hx noBTopeHHe b jtvmujhxHauim jiHTepaTypubix npon3BeaeHHHX. flejio b tom, mto sto KopeHHoii, Hapiu nun nam run, ot KOToporo He Mor oraeaaTbca hh ojimh H3 Hauinxcept>-C3Hbix xyaoxHHKOB. Ho c TeweHHeM BpevieHH, no Mepe co3HaTejibiioro pa3BHTH« o6mecTBa, ran stot m3mchri cboh (popMbi, cTaHOBiwcw n.ipv THC OTHOUJCHHH K XM3HM, nOJiyM3Jl HOBOe 3HaMeHHC nOflMCTHTb 3TM "° Bbic <|ia3i>i era cymecTBOBaHMH, onpeaeanTb cymHocTb ero HOBorocMUy Jia — sroBceraacocTaBJiano rpoMsnHyio 3aaaqy, hTanaHT, yMCBum" /iaTb sto, Bceraa aejiaji cyiuecrBeHHbiH mar Bnepea b hctophh Haujcn ;iHTcpaTypbi. Taicon mar cuejian h ToHMapoB cbohm «06jiomobhm»- H> cmotphm Ha r/iaBHbie Mep™ o6jiOMOBCKoro Tnna h noTOM nonpoft1*' npouecTH ManeHbKyionapanjicabMexcayHHM h HeKOTopbiMHTHnaMHTorc xe poaa, b paanoe Bpevia noHBJiHBUJHMncH b Hamefi jwTepaTypc- HA. AOBPO-1IOBOB 582 B hcm jaioiioMaioTCH niainibic MepTu oG.iomobckoio xapatuenT U toBcpiiiennoH HHepTHOCTM, npoHcxoiwmeH or ero anarMH ko Bccuy, MTOfl-naeTCH Ha cbctc ilpii'iiiHa xc anarHM 3amiiOMaeTCji onactM m cio BHCIIIHCM IIOaOACHHH, OT'iaCTH )KC B 06pajC CIO yMCTHCIIHOlO M Hpait- CTBCHHOIO pa JBHTHH. <...> <.„> Hcho, mto 06^omob ne TynaH, anaTHHCdcax lUTypa. fie ictdcm- jICHMH M 'lyBCTB, a MC/IOBCK, TOAe HCrO-TO HIIIMlllllt B CBIKH All IMII. 0 •icm-to jiyMaioiHHH. Ho rnycnaH iipmibi'iKa no;iy>ian. y;ioincTno|Kinic chohx jKCJiannit He or coOctbchhux yciwuii. a ot npynix. p.i nm 1.1 n hcm anani'iccKyio ncnonBHxncKTb m noBcpma ero n *ajiKoc coctm- IIHC HpaBCTBCHHOlO paOCTBJl. PaOCTBO 3TO VAK IICpcilTCKICItH I fi.ip CTBOM OG.'IOMOBa, T3K OHM BiailMHO lipOHIIKaKIT JipVI apVKI II 0,11(0Apy- iHMo6yc;ioB.'nimiK)icn. 6oiiijihvk) c io|hhi\ CrO^HMHOCTH II IICCH CIO HCTOpMM... <...> <...> Ero neHb h anaTHH ccti. coiaaimc BocmiianiiH 11 oKpyAaHxiinx OOCTOHTC^bCTB. DkIBIIOC i/JCCb HC O6V1OMOB, a oG.tOWOIIIHHIM On fiu. mo*ct GbiTi., cTan jiaxc n pa6oTaTb, coin 6u iiauien ncno no cc6c: no w\* mm, kohcmho, cxiy najio Quno pajBim^H hccko.ii.ko 110.1 apymviM yc-jiobhhmh, iiokcjih non KaKHMii on pa3BH^cH. B nacrowucM jkc cihktm noAOAciiHii 011 lie Mor nnr/ie iianTii cc6c nc.ia 110 ayiiic. iiomMy hto »0-o6mc He noHiiuai cMi.1c.1a ah inn n 11c moi .1011111.10 p.iiv\tnon> 110 n|v HHH lia CBOH OTHOHICHHH K iipyrHM. 3AeCb-T0 OH II nOJMCT liaM IIOBO.1 K cpaiiHCHHKic npc>KnnMHTHiiaMH;iyiiiinxHaiiiiixnncaTc.icil ;lanHoyxe HMCMCH0, MTO BCC ICpOH 3aMCMaTC^blieHIIIHX pyCCKHX IIOBCCTCH H pOMJI HOB CTpaiiaiOT OTTOrO, MTO HC BIVIHT UCJIH B 3KH1HM M HC MaXOJIHT CCf>C npmiMMHOH hchtcjibiiocTM. BcacacTBHe Toro omh MyBCTByioT cicyicy M OTBpamcHiic 01 ncHKoro.1c.1a. 11 mcm npciciaaiHKii pa line 11.110c ctbo c OG.ioMoBbiM. B caMOM aanc — pacKpolrrc. HanpHMcp, •OncrH-Ha», €rcpo« iiamcro BpeMCHH*, «Kto bhhoiwt?*, «PyaHHa». him •JImiii HeroMoioBCKa», mjih «raMJieTa murpoBCKoroyeiaa*'.— BicaxAOM hjhmx HaMACTC MCpTbl, IIOMTH 6yKBa^bH0CX0nHblC C MCpTdMM OfiflOMOBa. <...> Ho OTICI'O )KC T3K3H pa3HMUa BMCMaTJlCHMM. lipOM IBO.IIIMWX lia IMC 06^OMOBblM M rcpOHMH. O KOTOpblX Mbl BCIIOMHIia.1M RbllllC ' lr ll|V.I craBjiHKrrcH ium b painbix poaax UHUIH— HarypaMM, 3aaaMCHnuv,M •(taaronpiiHiHoii oGcranonKon. a hot - GaiifiiiKOM. KotopwH m npii ^Hbix JiyiuiMX o6cTOHTejibcrBax HMMero ne c/ic/iacr. Ho. Bo-ncpmux. V 06jlOMOBa TCMnepaMCHT CIHIUKOM BflJIUH. M IIOTOMy CCTCCTItCMMO. no oh aaH ocyiuecTMCHHH cbohx 3aMbicJioB m nan oniopa npa*.icfi 583 PyccKMH Jiumepamyjmast Kpumuu _XVIII-Hanajig XX iibix oöcTOHTCJibCTB ynoTpe6aaeT euue HecKoabKO MCHec noribiTOK, hc- XeaH CaHXBHHHMeCKHM OhCTHH HaH XeaMHblň riCMOpMH. BcyiUHCCTH xe, ohh Bce paBHO HecocTOHTeabHbi npea cnaoto Bpaacae6Hbixo6cT<)K TCJibCTB, bcc paBHO norpyxatoTCH b hhmtoxcctbo, Koraa hm npeacTon; HacTOfluaafl, ccpbe3Hafl aeaTeabHOCTb. <...> <...> npcxue c jiio6oBbio, c 6aaroroBeHHeM caymaaw (ppaicpw TOJIKyiOlUHX 0 HeOÖXOJIHMOCTH TOľO flpyroro, O BblCUJHX CTpeM.lC- MHHx h t. n. Toraa, mojkct 6biTb, h 06aoMOB He npoMb obiji 6bi noioHo-pHTb... Ho Tenepb bchkoto (ppa3epa h npoxeKTepa BcrpenaiOTTpe6oBa-HMeM: «A He yroaHo m nonpo6oBaTb?» 3Toro yx oO/iomobuu He b ch-jiax CHecTH... B caMOM aeae — k3k MyBCTByeTCH BeaHHe hoboh xm3hh, Koraa, no npo'iTCHHH 06jioMOBa, ayMaeujb, mto BbOBano BawTepaType stotthii Heab3H npHnHcaTb SToro eaHHCTBeHHO aHMHOMy TanaHTy aBTopaii íimpoTe cro B033peHHíí. M cnay TajiaHTa h B033peHn« caMbie ujhpokmc h ryMaiiHbie hsxoähm Mbi m y aBTopoB, npoH3BeaiĽHX npexHHe tmiiij. iipuBCfleHHbie H3MH Bbiuie. Hoaeao b tom, mto ot noHBJíeHHH nepBoro H3 HHx, OHeraH3,aocMX nop ripouiao yxe TpHausTbaeT. To, mto6u.io Toraa b 3apoabiuje, mto Bbipaxsaocb b hchchom noaycaoBe, npoiunc-cchhom ujcnoTOM, to npHHHjio yxe Tenepb onpeaeaeHnyio h TBcpay» (})opMy, BbicKa3ajiocb OTKpbiTo h rpoMKO. fppa3a riOTepnaa cboc 3Ha'ic-hhc; HBHaacb b caMOM oômecTBe noTpeÖHocTb HacToameroaeaa. Ecu- TOB H PyaMH, JHOail C CTpeMJieHMflMH flCHCTBHTe/IbHO BblCOKHMH H 6.13-ropOAHblMH, HC TOJIbKO He MOľJlH npOHHKHyTbCH Heo6xOÜHM0CTbK), HO aaxe He Moran npeacTSBHTb ce6e 6jim3koíí bo3mo>khocth cTpauiHOii. CTpCMHTejIbHOií 6opb6bI C OÖCTOHTejT bCTBa M H, KOTOpbie HXflaBH/IH. Ohm BCTynanH b apeMyMMří, HeBeaoMbiň aec, ujjw no TonKOMy, onačme 6oaoTy, BHaeaH noa HoraMH pa3Hbix ranoB h 3Meíí Hae3an HaaepeBO-OTMacTH, MT06 nocMOTpeTb, He yBHAHTJiH rae aoporn, OTM3CTH xeAi» TOTO, MTOGbl OTflOXHyTb H XOTb Ha BpeMH H3Ô3BHTbCH OT On3CHOCTH VB«3- nyTb huh 6biTb yxaneHHbiMH. CaeaoBaBimie 3a hhmh j\k>m xaaaH, tto ohh cKaxyr, h CMOTpean Ha hhx c yBaxeHweM, k3k h3 atoaeti, lucjiujhx Bnepean. Ho 3th nepeaoBbie juom HHMero He yBM.ae.nH c bucotm. Ha KOTopyKD B3o6paaHCb;aec6bia OHCHboôujHpeH m rycT. McxayTCM. bW 3a« na jicpeBo, ohm ncuapanaan ce6e rnrno, nepepaHnan ce6e Horu. HcnopTHJiH pyKH... Ohm CTpaaaioT, ohh yroMaeHbi, ohm aoaxHH otjiox-nyTb, npHMOcTHBujMCbK3K-HH6yabnoyao6Hee HsaepcBe. ITpaBaa.oHH HHMero HeacaatoTaaa o6meň noab3bi, ohh HHMero He pa3raaaeaH h h< CKa3aan; ctohwhc BHH3y c3mm, 6e3 hx noMomn, aoaxHbi npopy6aTbH p3CMHiu3Tb ce6e aopory no jiecy. Ho kto xe peujHTca 6pocHTb KaMCHbB H.A. aOBPOJBOBOfl ^1 IOp)k) JIHX HCCMaCTHblX, MTOßbl 33CT3BHTb HX yilatTb C BMĽOIU. Ha K OHH BJMOCTHJIMCbC T3KIIMM ipyaaMH, H MC H H MH.I\ odllism ihi u cocrpaaaioT, ot hhx jisxe hc TpeGyioT noKa. mtoôu ohm iiphmmmxim yMacTMC BpacMMCTKeaeca; Ha mnojito Buiiaaoapyrocfltio. h ohh cio cacjiaaM. Ecjim ToaKy He buuj^o, — ne mx bhh8. C stoh tomkh tpciiMH UXilUH H3 aBTOpOB MOľ HpexaC CMOTpCTb H3 CBOCIO (»&10MOBCKOIO ICpOH, H GbĽI npaB. K 3TOMy lipHCOC.lHHHJIOCb ClUC M TO, MTO HiUÍCAiUI yHKflCTb rac-HnGyab bbixoa mnccy Hafloporyfloaioacp*a,iaci.Bo bcch Barare iiyruMKOB, paimo ksk jiomo ne icpiuiacb h yacpciinocTb « axn. H03OPKOCTH liepCÜOBblX aiOacii, B306paBUIMXCH Ma acpcBo. Ho BOT Ma jio-noMaay acjio npoHcnHaocb h ripnnHJioapyíoH ofíopoi. mcik.tobmm ■» ■ i>i m noHpaBHAOCb naiicpcBe; ohh paccyxaawT oMCMb KpacHopesH-BO o pa3Hbix nyTHx m cpcacTBax BbiGpaTbCH M3 6aioTa h hj accy. ohm M.Uli.IM JiaXC H3 ÜCpCBC K0M-K3KMC IUIOAU H MaOiaX>TaK)tCH MMH, 6pO- ca« McujyHKy bhh3; ohm 3ob>t k ľc6c cujc koh-koio, m iGpannux n i toji-nu, m tc Hflyr m ocTaioTCH na jiepcBe, y*e h hc HutMaipHiuiH .lopoi n. .i TcuibKo iiüAiipan iijioabi. 3to yxe — 06noMonu b coGctbchhom cmuc-flc... A öeanbie iiyTUHKH, ctohuihc BHM3y, BHinyr b 6aiore, mx mojim 3MÍH, nyraiOT raou, xacmyr iioaniryeyMbH... HaKOMcuTcviiiapciiiacitM npHHHTbCH 33 j1cjío H XOMCT HOpOTHTb TCX, KOTOpiJC I103XC MO/1C1.1M M3 acpcBo; ho OGaoMOBbi MoaMaT h o6*HpaioTĽH naoaaMH. Toiaa Toana oôpamaeTCH m k npcxmiM cbohm nepcaoBWM awaHM, iipocH mx cnycTHTWH m noMOMi. oGmeii paGoTC. Ho nepcaoBwc aioan oumti. no BTOpHlOT íipcXHHC (|)p33bl O TOM, MTO H330 HblCMaipMHai b .lopoi V. .1 II.LI pacMHCTKoŕí TpyanTbCH HCMcro. — Toraa ocanuc h>thmkh hiuiht cbok> Oiunňky n, \ia\iiyn pvKoii. lOHopm: «'). aa m.i iite ()(> iomobn'* H ui 'cm ii.ľiiiiiacicH acHic.ibiian. neyioMHMan paGoia pvóm .icjx-ui.n. ,ic flaiOT M3 hhx moct na 6baoTe, o6pa3yioT TpoiiMHKy, 6mot jmcm h raaoB. nonaBiuHxcH Ha Hen, hc 3a6or»ici.6oace 06 hhx >mhhk.i\. iKi hii\ t h 11, HUX Haiyp3X, nCMOpHHblX M PyaMHblX, Ha KOTOpUX lipCXjlC M.LIft* HU I.. KOTOpbIMH BOCXHU13aHCb. ()6aOMOBUbl CH3MaJia CIIOKOMMO CMOTpHT H.l aBHXCHHC, HO nOTOM, nO CBOCMy oGblKHOBCHMK), TpyCBT h na-1HH3I0T KpHMaTb... «AM, aíí, — IK aCJiaHTC 3T0rO. OCraBbTC, - KpMM.lt ohm. BHaa, mto noaccKaeTCH acpcBo, Ha kotopom ohm cmjiht. - íIomm-■TyJiTc, Bcab mu moxcm yGiiTbc«, h bmcctc c HaMM 1101 m6h>t tc npc-"paciibie nacM, Te bucokmc mvbctb3, tc ryManiiuc ctthtmichmm. to *>pacfiopcMMe, tot natpoc, aioGoBb ko BCCMy ttpcKpaciioMy m ôaaropoa-HoMy, - KOTopwe b Hac Bceraa xhjim... OcraBbTC. iKTaBbTc' Mto hu ac •lane?. Ho nyTHHKM yxc cawxaaH Tbicuiy pa3 bcc jih iipcKpacMbic MJpajbi h, hc oGpauja« h3 hhx BiiHMaHH«. tipoaoaxaioT ptôory. 06ao- 584 585 PyccKOH Jiumepamypnan KpumuKt _XVIII -nauajia A',V,, mobiwm eine ecTb cpeacTBO cnacra ce6a h cbokd penyTauHio: c.icni,. /jepcna h ripiiHHTbCH 3a pa6oTy BMecTe capyrnMH. Ho ohh, nooouKim BCHHK3, paCTCpHJIHCb h He 3H3K3T, MTO hm aeJiaTb... «KaK )Ke 3T0 Tai B/ipyr?» — noBTopflioT ohh b otmshhhh h npoaojixaioT nocbi.iau Gecnaoanue npoicrtsiTHH raynoii Toane, noTepaButeň k hhm yBaxem« <...> THHbl, C03a3HHbie CHJlbHbIM T3^aHTOM, /TOJirOBeMHbi: H HblH'k ýKHiiyT aioan, npeacTaanHK)uiHe, KaK 6yaTO ckojiok c OHerHHa, Fle-iopii Ha, Py/iHna h np., h He b tom Bnae, KaK ohh MorjiH 6bi pa3BHTbc« m apyrnx oocTOHTcabCTBax, a hmchho b tom, b kskom ohh npeuCTamcHu IlyillKHHblM, JlcpMOHTOBbIM, TyprCHeBblM. To/TbKO b OÖmeCTBCHHOMCOl- naiiHH Bce ohh öojiec h 6o/iee npeiipamaiOTCH b OGaoMOBa. He/ib3HCKa-3aTb, MT06 npcBpaujeHHe sto yxe coBepujHJiocb: HeT, emc h TencpbTuoi-MH aioaeií npoBOiiHT bpcmh b pa3roBopax h tucamh apyrnx aioaeW totobij npniimi, pajroBopbi 3a aem. Ho mto npeBpameHHc 3t0 Hamfaam ÜOKa3bIBaeT THn OÖaOMOBa, C03a3HHbIÍÍ lOHMSpOBblM. noHBJieHiic cm 6blJIO 6bl HCB03MOXHO, eCaH 6bl XOTfl B HeKOTOpoií M3CTH OÔUteCTBa MC cojpeao co3nanne o tom, k3k humtoxhu Bce 3TH quasi-TaaaHTJiHBuc HÉrrypbí, kotopumh npexae BocxHiuaancb. npexae ohh npHKpbiBanici pa3HbiMH M3HTHHMH, yKpaujanH ce6a pa3HbiMH npHMecKaMH, npHaicw-■tn kcef)cpa3Hi>iMHTajianTaMH. HoTenepbOöjiomobHiuiHerc» nepc/iHM p3306a3MCHHUH, KaK OH eCTb, MOJIMa/iHBblh, CBeaeHHblH c KpaCIIBOIO nbcaccraas na mhtkhh anßaH, npHKpbiTbin bmccto mbhthh raribKonpo CTopn bi m xanaTOM. Bonpoc: nmo oh dejiaem ? e HĚM cMbiai u ueiib eeo xui-hu?— nocTaiuiCH np>iM0 h hcho, He 336ht hhk3khmh noöoMHMMii Hon pocaMH. 3to noTOMy, mto Tenepb yxe HacTajio hjih h3CT3CT HcoT.iara- TCJIbHO BpCMH p360Tbl OÖLUCCTBeHHOH... H BOT nOMCMy Mbi CK33aJIH b h3- ManecTaTbH, mtobhjihm bpoMaHe loHMapoBa3HaMenueapeMeiiu. <■■> <...> noKa ne 6biao p36o™ b Bway, moxho 6bLao eure HaayBaTbsm« nyojiHKy, moxho 6wao TutecaaBHTbcH TeM, mto Mbi bot, lecKaTb, nee-Taw xaonoMCM, xoaHM, tobophm, paccKa3biBaeM. Ha stom h ochob3H 6u.t f o5mccTBe ycncx atoaen, noaoÖHbix PyanHy. flaxe 6oabuie - moxho obiv laitHTbCH KyTOKOM, MHTpnxKaMH, KaaaMöypaMH, TeaipaabCTBOM - hvbc-pjTTb, mto sto Mbi nycTHancb, Moa, OTToro, mto HeT npocTopa JUIH 60.1« uinpoKoii acHTcabHOCTH. Toraa m ncMopnH, h aaxe OHernH, aoaxcHOUi Ka3aTbCH HaTypoK) c Heo&bHTHUMH CHjiaMH ayujH. Ho Tenepb yx bcc *» rcpoH oToaBHuyaHCb Ha btodoh naaH, noTepaiH npexHee 3HaMeHne. ncnc-craan c6HiiaTb Hac c ToaKy cboch 3araaoHHOCTbio h TanHCTBCHHbiM pan-' aoM Mexay hmmh h oGihcctbom, Mexay bcjihkhmh hx chjt3MH m hiimto*-HocTbioaea hx... Tenepb 3araaK3 pa3T>HCHHaacb, Tenepb hm caoBO HaňaeHO. 586 H.A. JOBPOJIIOBOB Cjiobo 3to — o6jH)Monmuna. EcaH « BHxy Tenepi. noMcimiKa, ToaKyioiucro o npaiiax mc.tohcmc CTBa h O HCOÖXOaHMOCTM p33BH I hh aMMHOCTH, - H yXC C I1CDBUX CJIOB CTO JH3K), MTO 3to OÖJIOMOB. Ecan BCTpeMaio MitiiomíHKa, xaiyiowerocH Ha TanyTamiocTb h oöpcMCHHTcabHOCTb acaoiipoH iiioacTBa, oh — OCaOMOH Ecan cabiuiy ot otpHuepa xaaoou na yroMBrcabnocTb napaaon h CMcabie paccyxacuH« o oecnoacJuocTH muxosa wasa n t 11, h hc cd mhcb3k)Cb. mto OH OGaOMOB. Koraa h mmtsio b xypHaaax aHGcpaabuwe bwxo;ikh npoiMH noynoTpcGacHHH h paaocTbOTOM, mto, iiaKoncu, cacaaito to, new mu aaBHo iiaacHancb h xeaaaH, — h avMaio, mto jto bcc iimiiivi m 1 (Xi m MORKH. Koraa h naxoxycb b Kpy*KC ofipa loHamiux akácií. 1 opa no conyBCTByioiuHX Hyxaaw McaoBCMecTBa h b tcmchhc mhoimx act c hc- VMCIlblIiaKMIlHMCH XapOM paCCKa JbllUKMUHX BCC TC xc CilMUC (a H HOI aa ii IIOHI.k) ;illCK.IOIl.l o IllHIOMHHKaX, o lipHTCCHCHHHX. o (k ii.ikoiih hx BCHK010 poaa, — a iiCBoabno MyBCTByio, mto » ncpcucccn h CTapyio 06aoMOBKy... <...> Kto >kc. iiaKoncn, canniieT iix c wccra jtmm hccmoi\iiimm 1 iohom •Bnepea!», o KoropOM T3K MCMTíLI loiO.II. H KOTOpoiO I.IK .l.llllio II |o MMTcabno oxnaaeT Pycb? JXo chx nop hct oTBCTa Hit itot Bonpoc hh h OßlHCCTBe, HH BaHTCpaTypC. ÍOHMapOB, yMCHIIIHH IIOHHTb h iiok.iwii. HtM naiuy ooaoMOBmnny, hc moi, oaHaKO, hc »anaaTHTbaaHM ofiiiicMy laĎayjKacHino, ao chx nop cToai. cuabHOMy b iiniiicM oGiiicctbc: oh pc HiHacH iioxopoiiHTb oGaoMOBiunHy h cKaiaTi. ch noxBaabHoc naaipxio-hoc caoBo. «npomati, CTaps« OGaoMOBKa, tu omcHaa cboh hck«. roBopinoH ycraMH LLlToabua, h roiiopuT Hcnpaimy Be h Poccms, koto-P3H npoMiiTaia nan iipoMinaei OGaoMona. hc coi i.ichuh i hhm Hct. OôaoMOBKa ccTb Haui3 npHM3» poaHHa, ee B.iaac.n.nu - nauiH b OraaBSH aaHb CBoesiy bdcmchh. r. fbuMapoB bubci h rtponiBoiUMc OfiaoMOBy — HjToabua. Ho no noBoay 3toro .mm mm ao/ixmu cihc Pa3 noBToptiTb h.iiiic" nocTOHHHoe mhchhc,- MToaMTtpaTypa HC MO*CT »6cn»Tb canujKOM aaaeKo Bncpca *h3hh. lUmibucB. a»ac« c iic.ib "blM, aCHTCabHUM XapSKTCpOM, npil KOTOPOM BCHKaH MUCJIbTOTMaC MC "MaCTCH CTpCMaCHHCM H IICpCXOaMT B acJIO. ClUC hct B «H1IIM liaillCIO 587 PyccKan JiumepamypnaH Vfnmm _XVIII—nanajig XX net. oGinecTBa (pa3yMeeM o6pa30BaHHoe o6mecTBo, KoropoMy aocrynHn i>i.kmihc cTpeM/ieHHfl; b Macce, rae »acv\ h crpeMaeHMH Qipaunan o'lenb6aii3KHMM it HeMHorHMM npeaMeTaMH, Taioiemom 6ecnpecian no nonaaaioTCfl). <...> Oabra, nocBocMy pa3BMTMio, npeacTaBafleTBbicuiMH Haesa, KaKOHTo.Ur ko M0)KeT Tenepb pyccKHM xyaowHHK Bbi3BaTb H3 TenepeuiHeii pyccKoft >KH3HM. OTTOrO OHa, He06bIKH0BeHH0H HCHOCTbKD H npOCTOTOH CBOefi .10- ii11-11hHjyMHTeabHoiirapMOHiieiiCBoerocepauahBoan,nopaxaeTHacjo Toro, 'ito Mbi roTOBbi ycoMHHTbca b ee aaxe nosTMMCCKoii npaBje m cu-3aTb: «TaKiix acByiucK He 6biBaeT». Ho, cncm 3a iieio bo Bee iipoaoa*eMic poinaHa, mu HaxoflMM, mto OHa nocTOHHHO BepHa ce6e h CBOCMy pawn thk), mto OHa npeacraBaaeT He ceHTeHunio aBTopa, a XHBoe nmo, Taiwo TaKoe, KaKHx mm eme He BcrpeMSJin. B Hen-TO 6ojiee, HexeaH b UJtojiwic. moxiio BHaeTb HavieK Ha HOByio pyccKyio >KM3Hb; ot Hee mojkho oxiuan cjiOBa, KOTopoe co^xeT m pa3BeeT ooaoMOBiuHHy... <...> Kor/ja me npn/lCT Hacromnnit flpHb? (HanaiiyHe. riOBecrb H.C. Typremsa. ■ PyccKHH BecTHHK", 1860 r.. Pi3 1—2) Schlage die Trommel und furchte dich nicht mi ScTeTHiecKaH KpHTHKa caeaanscb Tenepb npHHsaaexiiocTbio mu CTBHTC/lbHblX 6apbIUJCHb. <...> MaaoMy 3HaKOMCTBy c MyBCTBHTejibHbiMH 6apbiujHflMH oaoaxenu Mbi TeM, mto hc yvieeM nHcaTb t3khx npnaTHbix h 6e3BpeaHbix Kpuna Otkpobchho npM3HaBaHCb b stom h OTKa3biBaacb ot poan «BOcnHraTC-an 3CTCTHMecKoro BKyca ny6aHKH», mh H36HpaeM apyryio 3aaaiy,6o-aee cKpoMHyio h 6oaee copa3MepHyio c HauiHMH cwiaMM. Mu xoth« iipocro noflBecTH mtoi" TeM naHHbiM, KOTopue pacceflHbi b npOH3BC.lC hhh HMCaTCJlH H KOTOpbie Mbi npHHMMaeM K3K COBepUJHBUJHMCa (J»kt- KaK )KH3HCHHoe HBjieHHe, cTonmee npea HaMH. <...> <...> JXnn Hac He croabKo bsxho to, mto xomen cKa33Tb aBTOp, cko.ii-- KO TO, MTO CKCnOAOCb MM, XOTH 6bl H HCH3MepeHH0, IipOCTO BCJlMCTBHf IipSBJlMBOrO BOCIipOH3BefleHHfl(p3KTOB)KH3HH. <...> M MepKOK)JU»* aaHTa nncsTejia 6yaeT 3aecb to, ro KaKOH cTeneHH mnpoKO 3axBaicHJ mm XM3Hb, b KaKOH Mepe npOMHbl ii MHOTOoG'bHTHbl Te o6pa3«, KOTO-pwc mm C03flailbl. * Beti b 6apa6aH h ice 6ohch. refine (hcm.). 588 HA. /lOBPOJHOBOB Mu comjIM HyxubiM BbicKajan. 3to win Toro, mtoGu onpan.xm.choH liptlCM - TO/IKOBaTb O iii.icmhhx c3m0h *h1hh Ha ochoiuhhh .IMtCfXt rypnoro iipoM3BeaeHHH, ne iiaiin ti.iBan, BiipoMCM. ainopy hhk.ikhx li|u hcc coMMHCHHbix ii ii'ii h 3aaaH. <...> B «HaKanync. mm bhimm mc«>i|>.i 1HM0C MHHHHe CCTCCTBCHHOrO XOaa oGuiCCTHCIIhuh ah ihh h MUCIN, KOTOpoMN iicho.ii.iio lloaMHIIHaaCb c3m3 muuii.m iw>o6p.lAillltC .Wtop.i IlocTaBaMH raaBHoii 3aaaMeio ah i cpa i ypiion kpmimkh — pajbMC- mchmc tcx HBaeilHH aCHCTBHTCabHOCTM, KOTopUC iiu IKUM HIIKCtHOC xyao*ecTBennoe iipoinneaeHHC. Mbiaoaxnu himcihii. npmoM. -no n npHao^cHHM k noBccTHM r. TyprcucBa 3rd laaaMa hmcctcihc oco6ch-Hbiii CMbica. T. TyprcucBa no cnp3BcajiMBocTH mojkho iiaiiuii. upcii- CTaBHTCaCM ii HCBUOM tom MOpaaH m (pHaOCOIpHH, KOTOpaH ioc- noacTBOBiuis b HanieM oGpaioBannoM oCuicctbc b iiocacaMcc ^najuui TitacTHe. <...> MTaK, mbi moacm CK333TbCMcao, mto, ccaM y*c i. TypicucBrponya KaKOM-HHOyab uonpoc b cboch iiobcctm, ccjim oh Hjo6paiHa KaKym Hii6y.ii, iioiiyio c lopony ofmiecTiieiiHbix othoiiiciimh. no t ivahi p\ MaTcabCTBOM 3a to, mto Bonpoc 3Tot acitcitinuMbHo noauMacTCM nan CKopo noabiMCTCH BcojiiaiiHH oOpaioBannoioofuiii-cin.1. mio m.i no Ban cropona xh3Hh iiaMHiiaer BbiaanaTbCH m tKopo BUKaxcTCH |>c »ko h HpKonpca raa3aMH bccx. IIojiomv Kaitutuii painpn iiohiuciiiih iioikti th r. Typrenci»a aeaaeTCH aioGoiibmibiM Bonpoc: kbkhc *c cToponu XH3HH H306pa>KCHbl B Heii, k3khc Bonpocu jaTponyTU? BoilDOC 3TOT lipcaCTaiUIHCTCH h TCnCpb, H b othouiciihh K hoboh noBecTH r. TyprcucBa oh mii repccnee, mcm Koraa-aH6o. ilocMx nop nvi i. r. TyprcneBa, coo6p33HOc nyrcM pa3BinnH nauicroo6iitecrna. 6ua ao-Boabno hcho naMCMCH b oaHOM nanpaaicHMH. <...> Tbkmm o6paM)m. ilHuiHero McaoBCKa CMCiina flacuHKOB'. riacunKoiw - I's inn. I'van Ha - jlaBpcHKiin. Kaxaoc M3 sthx aMU 6uaoCMcacc h noancc npcnu-ayiUHx, HocyumocTb, ochoiui hx xapaKicpa n bccio n\ cyinci ritoiumiM 6uaa oflHa h Ta xc. Ohm 6uaM bhocmtcjih hobux nactt b hihccthuh Wr.np "WO, i.ik COMyBCTBOBaaH mx ayUJCBHUM CTpaaaHHMM. t3k jm.1ciim Of) mx 6ecnao4HuxycwaMHX. HcaapoM miKTOToiaa n hc .ivm.i i umcimii.. mio »ce 3th rocnoaa - oraMMHUC, 6aaropoaMuc. yMiiuc. mo b cyuiHociH CciaeabHue aioan. Pncy« mx o6pa3U b paaHUX noao- HOBCHMHX, CaM f. TypPCHCB OTHOCMaCM K hmm o6UK kmx m cto.1k- iho c t|»oi ■! S89 PyccKOH jiumepamypnaH upturn* _XVIII-iumajig XX«..., TcabHbiM yqacTMCM, c cepaeMHOM 6oabio 06 hx CTpaaaHHHX h to *e iy«-ctho BoiGyxaaa nocTonnno b Macce MHTaTeaeii. <...> <...>KaxcTCH, HCHO, HTO Tenepb HyxHbi hbm hc tskhc jhoau, koto-pbie 6bi eine ßoaee «B03BbiujanH Hac Haa OKpyxaioujeii aeücTBmeu HOCTbK)», a t3khc, KOTOpbie Öbl nO£.hh71h — hj1h H3C Hay4HJIH nOflHHTb- cawyio aeiicTBHTeabHOCTb no ypoßH« Tex pa3yMHbix Tpe6oBannü. k.i kmc Mbi yxe co3HajiH. CaoBOM, HyxHbi JiKDflH aejia, a He OTaneieHiiuv Bceraa hcmhoxko snHKypeücKMX psccyxaeHHH. <...> MyTbe HacTOflmeíi MHHyTbi h Ha 3tot pa3 He oÖMaHyao aBTopa Co3HaBUJH, HTO npexHHe repou yxe aae/iajiH CBoeaeao h hc Morynui, GyxaaTb npexneií CMMnaTHH b jiyHLueíí wacTH Hauiero oôinecTBa, on peuinacH ociauHTb hx h, yaoBHBUJH b necKoabKHX otpubomhux nponB-aeimax BCHHHe hobmx TpeôoBaHHií XH3HH, nonpo6oBaa CTaTb Ha jo-pory, no KOTopoií coBepuiacTCH nepeaoßoe jiBHxenHe HacToaujeroBpc MC H M... B hoboíí noBecTH r. TypreHeBa mu BcrpeiaeM apyrne noaoaceHwi. apyrne THnu, nexean k KaKHM npnBbiKaH b ero npoH3BcaeHnnx npc-XHcro nepnoaa. 06iuecTBenHaa noTpeÔHOCTb aeaa, xHBoroaeaa.ua ■laao npejpcHMH k MepTBbiM npHHUHnaM h naccHBHbiM ao6poaeTc.isM Bi.ipaniaocb bo BceM CTpoe hoboíí noBecTH. Be3 comhchhh, Katani!. kto 6yacT "iHTaTb Hamy craTbio, yxe npoMHTaa Tenepb «HaKaHVHC« ľ1o3TOMy mu, BMccTo paccKa3acoaepxaHHH noBecTH, npeacTaBMMTO.ii. Ko KopoTCHbKHíi oMepK raaBHbix ee xapaKTepoB. <...> B MucapoBe, CTporo roBopa, HeTHHMeroMpe3BbiMaiíiioro.<.. •> On HHKoraa He axeT, He H3MeHaeT CBoeMy caoBy, He 6epeT KjaftMUJ* Her, He aK)6nT pa3roBapHBaTb o cbohx noaBHrax, hc oTKaaawBacT nc-noaneuHH npHHsrroro peujcHHa, ero cjiobo He pacxoaHTca c aeaosi I T. n. CaoBOM, b HCM HeTTex iiepT, 3a KOTopbieawixeH ropbKO ynpcKim cc6h BcaKHH MeaoBeK, HMeiomHíí npeTeH3HK) cMHTaTb ceôa nopMOM-HbiM. Ho, KpoMCToro, oh — 6oarap, nnTanoLUHH bayiiie cTpacTHoe xc-aaime ocBo6oaHTb cboho poaHHy, h 3toh mhcjih oh npeaaeTcn bíck oTKpbiTo h yBcpcHHo, b Heü 3aKjiH3HaeTCH KOHeMHaa ueab ero kiuhm Oh HcayMaeT CTaBHTbCBoeaHMHoe 6aaro b npoTHBonoaoxHOCTbCínw ueabK). <...> HanpoTHB, oh noTOMy-To h xaonoMeT o CBOÖoae poaHHW. MTO B 3TOM BHaHT CBOe aHMHOe CnOKOHCTBHe, CMaCTbe BCCM CBOCii *m- hh; oh 6bi ocTaBHa b noKoe nopaöomeHHyio poaHHy, ecan öToabKOMOt HařiTH yaoBacTBopeHHe ce6e b MeM-HM6yab .apyroM. Ho oh HHP* * MoxeT noHHTb ce6fl OTacabHo ot poaHHbi. <...> Oh Taxxe xhbct hokc-Hyne BeanKoro aha cboôoam, k kotopoh cymecTBO ero 03apHTC» co-íHaHHCM cmscthh, xH3Hb HanoaHMTCfl h 6yaeT yxe HacToaiueii *>" H.A. AOBPOJIIOBOB Hb». <...> J1k)6obi» k CBoGoac poaMiiu y MucapoBa hc h paccy.iKc. 11c n ccpanc, hc b BOoGpaxcHHH: ona y ncro bo bccm opniHiiiMC, h Htofiu HH BOUUIO b HCrO, bcc i ipCTBOpneiCH Clt.lOK) JIOI o 'l> IM. i H.I. HOjľllIHMCI ch CMy, cm m b3ctcsi C hmm. OtTOIO. lipH BCCH OOUKMOHCHMOCTM cmohx CriOCOÖHOCTCH, npH BCCM OTCyTCTBHHĎaCCKaBCBOCRHarypc, oh itomi hch3mcphmo BblLUe, üeMCTIiyCT Ha EuCHy HCCpailHCHMO CHIblICC M oô«-HTCabHCC, HCXCaM GaCCTÍHUHH MJyÔHH M VMIIUH U'IKCHCB, xoth oôa oh h Toxe aioan 6aaropoanbie h aioôHiHMe. <...> <...> üaBiiiH naM noHHTb h iio'ivih.iiK)B3Tb, Acao b tom, 4to b «HaKanync» raaimoc anno — Eaena, h hootmouic-111110 k neu aoaxiibi mm paiönpaTbapynic anua. B hch cicilaaaci. m cm>t HaaTOCKa 110 wcm-to, i.i iiomiii OcccoiiiaTciwiaM. 110 iicoijxi iiim.im iuMpd> llOCn. HOBOJi XII3HH, HOßblX aiOaCH. KOTOpa« OXBilTWISICT TCIICpb BCX P>C- CKocot'iiiicciiio. iiaattciicoAHO 10 ii.ko i.ik iuimiiíkauk-iiOpiiioiuiihoc KaK > n m mi o6pa3, KaKaiiuoacHCTiiHTcabiioc, Miicapoiioi 11.n -ipc 1 BblM.iiiiio 1.1 ick IviClia moi.i.i MO.lKlOliri.CIO CO ih ch ch.10II iviiiii Cl«i efl, noTOMy mto ona Biiaeaa cro b xh3hh, a hc b iiobccth. oan mc *c OD 6aH30K h aoporToabKO kbk npcacTaBurcai. iiacM. KOTopan iiopaxacr m Hac, KaK EjicHy, MnioBCiinbiM cbctom h ouipnci mp.ik Hamern cwiic CTBOBailHH. n03T0My-T0 Mbl m nOHHMaCM BCK> CCTCCTBCHHOCTI. •lyBCTB.i EacHu k MucapoBy, nojTOMy-to m caMH, aoBoabiiwc cro MciipcmioM- HOK) BCpilOCTbK) HaCC, HC iilMC'iaCM 113 IlCpBIJH pal. mto oh ODO 1113*1.1- «tch nepea H3mh annib b 6acaiiwx h oöiumx oMcrrraiiMax. M eine xoTHT. mto6 oh 6bia pyccKHM! «Her. oh hc Mor 6u 6urk pyc-ckhm!» - BocKJiHuacT caMa Eacna b otbct na «bhbiiiccch 6u^o co- **aCHHC, MTO OH HC pyCCKMH. m aeHCTBHTCIbHO. tbkmx pyCCKHX hc ßWBacT, ne aoaxHO h hc moxct 6brrb, b HacTomiicc bpcmb no upaHiicH ^CPC. HC 3h3cm, k3k pajBIIBaiOTCB H paiOBblOTCH HOBUC iioko.ICHM«. "o TC, KOTOpue Mbl BKÜHM TCncpbflCHCTn>k)lllllMII. p.» IBIHVtlMCb bobcc 591 590 47 PyccKOH Jiumepamypiiax Kpumux, _XVIII-HOHajia XX «-„ HC T3K, HTOÔbl MOľJlH ynoaOĎHTbCfl MHCapOBy. Ha pajHHTHC KaXlUIii oTacabHoro neaoBeio hmoot BaHHHwe He ToabKo ero nacTime otho-iuchhh, ho h bc« oômecTBeHHaa aTMOCcpepa, b KOTopoií cyxaeHocm XMTb. Hhsji pa3BHBaeT repoH'iecKMe TeHaeHUHM, apyraa — mhphuc naioioHHOcTH; HH3H pa3apa>KaeT, apyraa yösioKHBaeT. PyccKa« um caoxwaacbTaK xopoujo, hto b Heň Bee Bbi3biBaeT Ha cnoKOMHbiií 11 Miip-Hbiii con m bchkmíí 6eccoHHbin neaoBeK KaxeTca, He 6e3 ocHOBamw GecnoKOHHbiM n coBepuieHHO aniiiHHM aaa oômecTBa. <...> <...> B pyccKOM nepeßoae HHcapoB BbiňaeT He hto hhoc, Kaxpai-60HHHK, npeacTaBHTeab «npoTHBOOömecTBeHHoro saeMeHTa», 0 koto-povi pyccKaa ny6aHKa 3HaeT OMeHb xopouio M3 KpacnopciMBbix Hcc.it-aoiianHH r. CoaoBbeßa, cooömeHHbix «PyccKHM bccthhkom». Kto*c. ciipaujHBacTCH, mo)kct noaio6HTb TaKoro? Kaioa öaaroBocnMTaHHa» 11 yMiian acByujKa hc noöcxHT ot Hero hto ecTb mohh c kphkom: «quelle horreur!!»* <...> PyccKHíi xe repou, HiuiflKDuxMiíca oowkhobchho m3 o6pa30Bannoio oômecTBa, caM kpobho CBH3aH c tcm, Ha HToaoaxeH BOCCTaiiaTb. <...>Bor OTHero y iiac ciiMnaTHHHbie, SHepninecKHe Haiypbi h yaoBaeTBopHKmem MCJiKMMH h HcnyxHbiMH 6paBaaaMM, He aocTHraa ao HSCToamero, cepb-c3noro rcpoH3Ma, to ecTbaooTpeneHHa ot ueaoň mscch noHHTHH m iiojk- THHeCKMX OTHOIiieHHÜ, KOTOpbIMH OHM CBH33HbI c OÖLUeCTBeHHOH CpC- aoK). PoöocTb Hx nepea rpoMaaoio npOTHBHbix cna oTpaxaeTCH mm Ha TeopcTHHecKOM hx pa3BHTOH: OHH 60HTCH Ha h He yMetoT aoxoaHTb jo Kopn« h, 3aayMbiBa«, HanpnMep, KapaTb 3ao, ToabKo h 6pocaK)TCH ta KaKoc-HHôyab MeaKoe nponBaeHHe ero h yroMaflioTCH crpauiHO, npcxJK HCM ycncBaioTaaxe noayMaTb 06 ero hctohhhkc. <...> <...> Bot b 3t0íí aioôBii k oönieMy aeay, b stom npcanyBCTBHH cro. KOTopoe aaeT cuay cnoKoüno BbiaepxHBaTb oTaeabHbie oÔHaw, n mk-aKDHacTCH BeaMKoe npeßocxoacTBO 6oarapa MHcapoBa Bpea BceMH pyc-CKHMH repoHMH, y KOTopbix o6mero aeaa-TO h b noMHHe HeT. BiiponeM, h noao6Hbix-To repocB y Hac oncHb HeMHoro, aa n b3hm* 6oabUjaH nacTb He BbiaepxHBaeT ce6a ao KOHua. Topa3ao mho-roHiicaenHce b HaujeM o6pa30BaHHOM oömecTBe apyroH paipaa jikuc» 3aHHMaK3IUHXCH pa3MblUJaeHHHMH. M3 3thx Toxe ecTb MHoro MO* KOTopuc xoTb H pa3MbiuiaflK3T, ho HHHero He yMeioT noHflTb; B006l"* Mbi He roBopMM. Mbi xoTHM yKa3aTb ToabKo Ha Tex aeucTBMTeabHOc cBCTaoK) roaoBOK) aioaeíí, KOTopue nyreM aoarax comhchhh ■ »cka' unií aoiuaH ao Toro xe caiiHCTBs h hchocth naeH, c k3khmh Hanflerc* • KaKOB y*acü ((pp.). 592 H.A. JOBPOJIIOBOB IlCpCa H8MM, 6C3 BCHKHX OCoOcHHblX vchjihii, HllCapoB. 3tW AHAM IM MMMUOT, rac KopcHbaaa, h 3HaioT, hto iiaaoacaaTb. hto6m uo h|k ► i>.. THTb; ohh rayÔOKO h MCKpCHHO lipOHMKHyTU MUCabK), AO KOTOfKJ* AO-GlIJHCb liaKOHCH. Ho — H hmx HCT y*C c IUI hl X1H lip.IMMHCO.nH Ml TMbHOCTH; ohm CToabKO aoMiuiM cef)H, hto narypa hx na*-to itaacc-iacb m oöeccH/ieaa. Ohh c conyBCTBMCM CMorpni na mpm&ihxchhc mo BOH JKM3HH, ho CaMM MaTH e H HaUCTpCHy HC MOlyT, m MM hc MM : yaoaiCTBOpHTbCH cbcxcc HyBCTBO HCaOBCKa, XaxavillCIO iCHIľ in. .t()6pa m Hiaymcro ceöc pyKOBoaMTe/iH. <„.> A to 6oabUJ.au nacTb yMHbix m BiicHaiaMTcabMbix aioacH 6c*in 01 rpaxaancKHX ao6aecTeří m nocBHUiacT cc6h pa uicimijm My um Xoii. 6i>i tc xc LLIyÖMH 11 BcpcencB b «HaKanync», caaBHUc naiypu 11 101 MapyroH yMCKJT ucuHTb Mucapoiia. aaxe cipcmmich asuioH) m ic 1 u hum, coin 6 hm HCMHoxKo apyi'oc pa nun 11c aa apyryio epeay, ohh 6u tojkc hc craan cnaTb. Ho hto xc mm acaaTb ryr, 11 jtom oGiiicc 1 hc ' I Ic pecrpoMTb cro na cbom aaa? Aa aaay-TO y hhx hct luitcaKoto. h c Ma-to hct. rioHHHMHaiT. h HCM koc-hto, (i i pC 11.1 Bail. II o ifip.lC U h.111. momcm no*Ky panibic apH3in oGiucctbchiioio ycrpoiiciiu'' ,la mc ii|x>ihhho m y McpTBoro iy6bi bi.ipi.iruiTb h k HCMy sto iioBcacT? Ma jtociiocoOhu ToabKo repou iipoae rocnoa i laiimiiiibix' h KypnaioitckHX. <...> Mucapoii, k;ik hcjiobck, cojiiaicai.ho n iicciicto upoiiiiMiviuii iw -1MK0M HJICCII OCIIOGOX'ICHIIH poailllbl H ioiohi.ih lipilllMII. h hcm ich Tcibnyio poai., ne Mor paniiiTbcn m iipoHBiiTbCcfiH bcobpcmchmom pyv CKOM oGuicctbc. Haxe Eaena, Tax noanoyMCBiuaH 110.1 loóMTb cm m ian ciHTbCH c cro Haefl.MM, h 011a ne mojkct ocTaBaTbc« cpcaii pyccKoro oômecTBa. xoth TaM — bcc ee 6aH3Kiic h poaiiwc Mhik. hc^hkhm iuc «M, HC iii km m CO'iyilCTBHHM hct CIHe MCCTa Cpcaii Mac?.. BCC Icpoil'H-t koč, aeHTcabHoc aoaxno ocxaTb ot Hac. com hc xohct yMcpcri. or fiej-acHCTBMH 11:111 noruGnyrb naiipaciio? Hc tbk an? Mc raKon an cmmc.i noBccTM, pa3o6paiiHOH naMM? Mu avMacM, hto hct. npanaa, aan uimpokom acHTcabiiocTii hct > "acOTKpuToro noiipmua; upaaaa, iiauia xHiiibnpoxojiHT bMcio-iax. b nayTHHX, innpiixKax, cuacTHHX h iioaaMHaiibc. iipaiuu. nauiM ip.i* aaiicKncacHTcaHaMuienbiccpaua h nacTO KpciiKO-ioou; MMMjFMMMl »aacuo iiaacu He yaapHT. nrofibi aocTaBHTi.Top*ccTm)cm>nM uk-* ic ""hm. nam h anocpaabi m pcijHipMaTopu oTnpaBawoTc« b cbohx npocK- ^ OT tOpiUHHCCKMX TOHKOCTCM, a HC OT CTOHa M BOtUia HCC'iaCTHMX 6P3TbCB. Bee are -raK. Ho mm Bce-TaxM ay^acM. hto mcnepi. b iuuicm OOUICCTBC CCTb yXC MCCTO BCaHKHM liaCHM M CO*ivbctbhhm h hto mc.u ■"cxo iipcMH. Koraa stmm nacHM moxho 6yacT npoHBHTbcü m S03