Syntactic analysis practice 1

1. Put down any simple sentence in which every sentence element is expressed 
by a one-word phrase:

2. Change the above simple sentence into one in which every sentence element will be expressed by a two-word phrase:

3. Put down one simple sentence with two objects and add its tree diagram in 
which you will indicate both functions (sentence elements) and forms (types of phrases)! Don’t forget to indicate types of objects!

4. Indicate the clause types of the following sentences:
a/ He has made her happy.
b/ I cleaned the floor in the sitting room yesterday.
c/ He laughed very loudly.
d/ I put your name on the waiting list.
e/ The dog lay on the bed.
f/ The traffic noice kept him awake.
g/ She is here.
h/ I have prepared some meal.
i/ He doesn’t seem happy.
j/ My mother has brought me some sweets.
k/ The traffic jam made him nervous.
l/ She is very happy.
m/ I am eating.
n/ He has put his suitcase on the rack.

5. Put down one simple sentence with four obligatory sentence elements and add its tree diagram in which you will indicate both functions and forms:

6. Put down one simple sentence of at least 6 words of any clause type and indicate their word classes. Every word class can be used only once in your example!

7. Choose the best words in the following.
1. Having two or three versions of the test seems/seem necessary to me.
2. This pop star and fund raiser is/are now world famous.
3. A majority of students seems/seem happy.

8. Invent your own examples of simple sentences corresponding to the following clause types. Don’t forget that optional sentence elements are not counted when distinguishing clause types!
a/ SVC
b/ SVA
c/ SVO
d/ SV
9. Put down one simple sentence in which every sentence element is expressed by a two-word phrase and indicate its clause type (e.g. SVA, SVO):

10. Put down all seven clause types that can be distinguished:
a/ b/ c/ d/ e/ f/ g/

11. Indicate which closed word classes you know and add one example of each: 
word class example word class example
a/ b/
c/ d/
e/ f/
g/ h/

12. Invent two simple sentences, each containing a different kind of complement, 
i.e. subject complement and object complement:

13. Complete the following sentences with the words provided:
complement - adverbials - verb - subject - sentence - object
(Some of the words can be used more than once.)
A …………. contains a ……….…. and a predicate. The ….……… usually comes before the ……………. . The ……………. has to agree with the subject. The main sentence elements are ……….…, verb, ……..…..., …..……., and adverbial. Not all of these have to occur in every …………… . ………………. are usually optional.

14. Add tag questions to these sentences:
1. The news is rather depressing, ............? 2. Everybody came yesterday, ............? 
3. We should take him home, ........? 4. He hardly ever comes here in time, ...........?
5. Let’s not quarrel now, ..........? 6. We had to help them with their garden, ..........?
7. Nobody arrived yesterday, ............? 8. She seldom helps me in our garden, ...........? 
8. We’d better stay at home, ........? 5. Let’s go to the cinema tonight, ..........? 

15. Rewrite the following sentences with the negative or near-negative word or phrase at the front:
1. He hardly ever comes in time for his lecture.
2. I have seldom seen them on the beach.
3. I never believed that I would manage to pass the exam.

16. Disagree with the statements using non-assertive words or phrases, such as 
any, anyone, any longer, at all, either, ever, far, long, much, yet plus any words that 
are necessary:
1. Is it a long way to the railway station?
No, it's not ................................
2. The lecture is already over.
No, I doubt if ................................
3. Your mother looks a lot better.
No, I don't think ...................................