7395 □NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 05 What Makes Africa South of the Sahara a Region? Straddling the Equator, Africa south of the Sahara encompasses about 95 million square miles (24.6 million sq. km) and nearly 50 countries. It is a region of immense plateaus that rise, like steps, from west to east across the continent. Several great rivers flow across this landscape.As the rivers journey to the sea, they cascade from one plateau to the next, creating spectacular waterfalls. The Great Rift Valley, formed by the movement of the Earth's crust, slices through the plateaus of eastern Africa. Along the valley's rim stand some of the region's isolated mountain peaks, including the highest: snowcapped Kilimanjaro. Most of this region lies within the Tropics. Closest to the Equator are steamy rain forests, second in size only to those of the Amazon River basin. At higher latitudes lie grasslands, home to many of Africa's famous wild animals. Beyond the grasslands, deserts stretch out under the fierce African sun. □ □ Sculpted sand dunes rise in the Namib, one of Africa's deserts.The Namib lies in western Namibia, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Eastern Namibia is home to another desert, the Kalahari, which stretches far into neighboring Botswana. 482 Unit 7 0 Covered in mineral-rich mud, a South African miner drills for gold. In the late 1800s, huge deposits of gold and diamonds were discovered in South Africa. Mining has made this country the wealthiest and most developed in the region. E] A rainbow dances in the spray of Victoria Falls, on the Zambezi River.The river plummets 355 feet (108 m) as it spills over the edge of a steep cliff. The spray and the roar prompted local people to call the falls Mosi oa Tuny a— "smoke that thunders." □ Like regal lords, two male lions stride across an African savanna, or tropical grassland. Some savannas support huge herds of antelope, buffalo, wildebeests, and zebras, which are hunted by lions, cheetahs, and other predators. CONTENTS Unit 7 483 Rich in Resources and Challenges Many scientists believe that the human race originated in Africa millions of years ago. Ever since, the lands south of the Sahara have been home to diverse peoples, cultures, and empires. Europeans arrived in the 1400s and quickly began to exploit the region's abundant natural resources. By the 1800s, Africa was a patchwork of European colonies. Colonial rule ended in the twentieth century, leaving independent, but struggling, nations in its wake. In Africa south of the Sahara, most of the people depend on small-scale agriculture or herding for their livelihood. Drought, disease, illiteracy, political instability, and poor transportation systems make economic development difficult in this region—the poorest of all world regions. □ A proud heritage is reflected in the face of a young Afar woman.The Afar inhabit northeastern Ethiopia, an ethnically complex country in which about 70 different languages and 200 dialects are spoken. The nomadic Afar make their living by herding livestock. 484 Unit 7 n NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY H Mud-brick walls of an old mosque rise behind a busy market in Djenne, Mali. Five centuries ago, Djenne was a center of commerce and Muslim scholarship in the Songhai Empire, a wealthy and powerful trading kingdom. B Table Mountain rises steeply behind CapeTown, in South Africa.The city was established in 1652 as a port of call for Dutch ships sailing from Europe to India.Today, Cape Town is an important shipping center as well as the legislative capital of South Africa. □ Waist-deep in tea plants, a Kenyan man picks leaves that will go into making one of the world's most popular drinks. Most farms in Africa are small, but Kenya has several large plantations that grow cash crops of tea and coffee for export. , ~ U n i t 7 485 Africa South of the Sahara □NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY POLITICAL /Azores Port. / * 10°N)- CAPE VERDE Praia* I.Lagos Porto-Novo Lome Malabo® EQUATORIAL GUINEA _a in i— (B O 'S 30 plains below the dam and is well stocked with fish. In addition to supplying power to the aluminum industry in the port of Tema, the hydroelectric plant now generates electricity used throughout Ghana. River Basins The Niger (NY'juhr) River is known by many names along its course, but all its names have roughly the same meaning—"great river." The Niger is the main artery in western Africa. Originating in the highlands of Guinea only 150 miles (241 km) inland from the Atlantic Ocean, the river forms a great arc. It flows about 2,600 miles (4,184 km) northeast and then curves southeast to meet the Atlantic Ocean at the coast of Nigeria. In addition to being vitally important to agriculture, the Niger River is a major means of transportation for people in the region. It also provides a leisurely means of travel for tourists. This great river does not flow as one well-defined stream into the sea. At Aboh in southern Nigeria, the Niger splits into a vast inland delta, a triangular section of land formed by sand and silt carried downriver. The Niger Delta stretches 150 miles (241 km) north to south and extends to a width of about 200 miles (322 km) along the shore of the Gulf of Guinea. The Zambezi River of south-central Africa also meets the ocean in a delta. The Zambezi flows 2,200 miles (3,540 km) from its source near the Zambia-Angola border in the west to the Indian Ocean in the east, where it fans out in a delta that is 37 miles (60 km) wide. The Zambezi's course to the sea is interrupted in many places by waterfalls. At Victoria Falls, on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, the Zambezi plummets a sheer 355 feet (108 m), about twice the drop of Horseshoe Falls on the Niagara River between Canada and the United States. The water at Victoria Falls flows at 35,400 cubic feet (1,002 cubic m) per second. Unlike the Niger, the Zambezi, and most other African rivers, the Congo River reaches the sea through a deep e tuary (EHS»chuh»WEHR»ee), or passage where freshwater from a river meets I NATIONAL I GEOGRAPHIC GRAPH STUDY Leading Diamond-Producing Countries 20 10 o c 0) 0) 3 Q. 0) O —h _6 2, Australia Russia Source: Minerals Yearbook, 1999 Botswana Dem. Republic South of the Congo Africa Geography Skills for Life Interpreting Graphs Which African country produces the most diamonds? Applying Geography Skills How does the diamond production in Botswana compare with diamond production in Australia? seawater. The Congo's estuary is 6 miles (10 km) wide and is easily navigated by ocean vessels, making it an important waterway. The 2,900 miles (4,667 km) of the Congo form the largest network of navigable waterways on the continent. Some parts of the river, however, such as rapids and waterfalls, present serious obstacles to traffic. The river plunges up to almost 900 feet (274 m) in numerous cataracts not far from where it meets the Atlantic Ocean. The cataracts are a major barrier to travel from the estuary upriver. History Daunting Physical Barriers Although North Africans enjoyed relatively easy access to Europe and Southwest Asia across the Mediterranean and Arabian Seas, the Sahara prevented most land travel to and from central and southern Africa. The daunting physical geography along the West African coast made travel inland by river very difficult for European traders, who began arriving in the late 1400s. Sand and silt deposits made navigation through the deltas treacherous. At certain times of the year, those who tried to sail inland often encountered shallows, sandbars, and even dry riverbeds. Farther upstream, rapids and waterfalls made travel upriver almost impossible. As a result, between the late 1400s and the late 1700s, most Europeans conducted trade with Africans from offshore islands or coastal forts, and regional African leaders maintained control of goods and trade routes in the interior of the continent. Natural Resources Mineral resources are abundant throughout Africa south of the Sahara. Angola, Nigeria, Gabon, and Congo have plentiful oil reserves. Deposits of various metals, including chromium, cobalt, copper, iron ore, manganese, and zinc, are scattered across the region. South Africa supplies about half the world's gold. Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Ghana are additional sources of this precious metal. Uranium, usually found with gold, is abundant in South Africa as well as in Niger, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Namibia. South Africa, Botswana, and the *TAKS Practice SECTION Congo River basin hold major diamond deposits. Diamonds also are mined in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. Water is an abundant resource in parts of Africa south of the Sahara, and it has tremendous potential for agricultural and industrial uses. Areas in the west of the region and near the Equator receive abundant rainfall. Controlling water for practical uses, such as irrigation and hydroelectric power, is difficult because rainfall often is irregular and unpredictable. Because of these physical challenges, combined with a lack of financial support, Africa has a great deal of unused hydroelectric power potential. The Congo River, for instance, has more potential hydroelectric power than all the lakes and rivers in the United States combined, but this resource has remained underdeveloped. Despite these challenges, some development has occurred, however. For example, most of the electricity generated in Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, and many other countries comes from hydroelectric power. Solar power is another renewable energy source that has been harnessed in the region. In Kenya, rural electrification programs resulted in the installation of more than 20,000 small-scale solar power systems from 1986 to 1996. In the next section, you will read about the climate and vegetation of this vast region and their role in the development of Africa south of the Sahara. ASSESSMENT Checking for Understanding 1. Define escarpment, cataract, rift valley, fault, delta, estuary. 2. Main Ideas Create a web like the one below to record and organize information about the region's physical geography. ( Water Systems ) ( Landforms J Natural Resources) Africa South of the Sahara Critical Thinking 3. Identifying Cause and Effect Physical features such as the Sahara to the north and oceans to the east and west isolated Africa south of the Sahara from other regions. What effects did this isolation have? 4. Making Inferences Considering the region's physical geography, what advancement in transportation do you think has contributed the most to improved travel in Africa? Analyzing Maps 5. Place Study the map on page 501. What do most of the countries with elevations of less than 1,000 feet (300 m) have in common? Applying Geography . Identifying Cause and Effect As a geographer from Kenya, write a paper on the geological process that caused the formation of the Great Rift Valley to deliver to the National Council for Geographic Education. 504 II Unit 7 SECTIO Guide to Reading Consider What You Know The continent of Africa straddles the Equator. How do you think this location affects climate and vegetation in Africa south of the Sahara? Read to Find Out • What geographic factors affect climate in Africa? • What kinds of climate and vegetation are found in Africa south of the Sahara? Terms to Know • leach • harmattan • savanna Places to Locate • Serengeti Plain • Sahel • Namib Desert • Kalahari Desert Climate and Vegetation _ NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC A Geographic View - Desert Delta The Kalahari spread out below us.... Thunderheads spread cobras' hoods on the horizon, and the air was heavy with the musk of rain-wet earth somewhere up the breeze. There would be lightning that night, flashing on the burnished hills, then wind and finally, perhaps, the water that the whole land craved like a kind of forgiveness, like a blessing long withheld. —Douglas B. Lee, "Okavango Delta: Old Africa's Last Refuge," National Geographic, December 1990 "Vula"—in Botswana's Okavango Delta, this word, meaning "rain," is also used as a greeting. Rain is so important to the area, in fact, that pula is also the word for the country's currency and the word for blood, or life. In many places in Africa south of the Sahara, water is such a precious resource that rain and life are considered one and the same. In this section you will discover how rain helps determine climate, and thus vegetation, in every part of the region—its deserts, steppes, savannas, and tropical forests. Tropical Climate In addition to rainfall, other factors—ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, elevation, and latitude—cause great variations in climate and vegetation throughout Africa south of the Sahara. However, as the map on page 506 shows, much of the region lies in the Tropics and has tropical climate and vegetation areas. Chapter 20 $ 505 CONTENTS Tropical Rain Forest Tropical rain forest climate, located near the Equator, is the wettest climate region in Africa. Warm temperatures prevail in this zone. More than 60 inches (150 cm) of rainfall per year soak the dense forests. Rainfall amounts vary seasonally, but the tropical rain forests do not experience a truly dry season. Daily, rain falls on an amazing number and variety of life forms. Shrubs, ferns, and mosses grow together at the lowest level of the rain forest, which rises 6 to 10 feet (2 to 3 m). A layer of trees and palms reaching as high as 60 feet (18 m) tops this undergrowth. Arching over all is a canopy of leafy trees with a maximum height of 150 feet (46 m). Orchids, ferns, and mosses grow among the branches of the canopy, and woody vines link the trees in a tangle. Economics Crops and Cutting at a Cost Although heavy rains in the tropical rain forest leach, or dissolve and carry away, nutrients from the soil, various crops are still grown in this zone. Bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea, coffee, palms for oil, rubber, and cotton are grown as cash crops on large plantations. As farmers clear more land, I NATIONAL I GEOGRAPHIC MAP STUDY Geography Skills for Life 1. Interpreting Maps Where are moderate climate regions in Africa south of the Sahara located? 2. Applying Geography Skills Describe the sequence of climate regions as one moves north and south of the Equator in Africa. Find NGS online map resources @ www.nationalgeographic.com/maps 506 Unit 7 CONTENTS agriculture seriously threatens the rain forests. In addition, commercial loggers diminish the rain forest by clear-cutting tropical timber. The deforestation of Africa's tropical rain forests concerns people worldwide, who fear that if the clear-cutting continues the rain forests may disappear. In Chapter 22 you will read about steps that governments, groups, and individuals are taking to protect Africa's rain forest environments. Savanna Tropical grassland with scattered trees—known as savanna—covers almost half of the continent of Africa. Rainfall is seasonal in this climate zone, with alternating wet and dry seasons. In the wettest areas, which are closest to the Equator, six months of almost daily rain is followed by a six-month dry season. Average annual rainfall in the savanna is about 35 to 45 inches (90 to 115 cm). Dueling winds affect the savanna climate of western Africa. Hot, dry air streams in from the Sahara on a northeast trade wind known as a harmattan. Although dusty, a harmattan is welcome in the summer because it dries up moisture left by heavy summer rains. Around the same time of year, cool, humid air blows in from the southwest. I NATIONAL I GEOGRAPHIC MAP STUDY Africa S 1. Interpreting Maps What type of vegetation is found along the coast of West Africa? 2. Applying Geography Skills In what areas of Africa south of the Sahara is herding livestock most likely important? Find NGS online map resources @ www.nationalgeographic.com/maps 4 Chapter 20 507 CONTENTS Tornadoes sometimes form when a harmattan and the southwest winds collide. Trees are the main feature of the landscape in some parts of the savanna, while tall grasses cover other areas. Animals of many species graze in this zone. Qn the Serengeti Plain, one of the world's largest savanna plains, more than 1 million gnu, 60,000 zebras, and 150,000 gazelles roam, as well as hyenas, lions, giraffes, cheetahs, and other animals. Many of these animals live in the protected Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Dry Climates Away from the Equator, tropical climates fade into semiarid steppe areas, which finally give way to the driest climate region of all—desert. Declining rainfall and growing populations have contributed to the expansion of the region's deserts. Steppe Separating the savanna from the deserts of Africa is semiarid steppe. In the south, steppe land extends to the southern tip of the continent. The northern steppe is called the Sahel—literally "shore" or "edge" in Arabic. This band of dry land, which extends from Senegal to Sudan, represents the southern "coast" of the Sahara. The Sahel has natural pastures of low-growing grasses, shrubs, and acacia trees. On average, 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) of rain falls annually, but this rainfall is concentrated in June, July, and August. The remaining months are generally very dry. Economics Desertification Over the past 50 years, the Sahel has undergone much desertification—a process by which productive land turns into desert following the destruction Student Web Activity Visit the Glencoe World Geography Web site at im and click on Student Web Activities—Chapter 20 for an activity on touring the physical features in Tanzania. 508 i| Unit 7 mates Skills Tropical Eastern Africa includes both tropical savanna (left) and tropical rain forest (right) climates. Place What animals live on the Serengeti Plain? CONTENTS A Desertification in the Sahel of West Africa of vegetation. Some scientists claim that the Sahel's desertification is caused mainly by climate change that brings long periods of extreme dryness and water shortages. Lands managed well during drought periods can usually recover once rains return. Other scientists, however, believe that human and animal activities also contribute to desertification. People strip trees for firewood and clear too much land for farming, while livestock overgraze the short grasses. As a result, the land is depleted and topsoil is further eroded, reducing both the land's productivity and its ability to recover from drought. Desert Isolated parts of southern Africa swelter in a desert climate. In the east, hot, dry weather prevails in much of Kenya and Somalia. Along the Atlantic coast of Namibia, rocks, dunes, and scattered desert plants cover the Namib Desert. Joining the Namib, the Kalahari Desert occupies eastern Namibia, most of Botswana, and part of South Africa. A sand-swept expanse with few other features, most of the Kalahari ^TAKS Practice SECT + ON is true desert, but parts of it do support some animals and a variety of plants, including grass and trees. In general, little rain falls in the desert, and average monthly temperatures are extremely high. Daily temperatures in the Kalahari vary greatly, however, ranging from 120°F (49°C) during the day to 50°F (10°C) at night. Moderate Climates Although less extensive than the main climate zones, moderate climate zones also exist in Africa south of the Sahara. As the map on page 506 shows, coastal areas of South Africa and highlands regions in East Africa enjoy moderate climates with comfortable temperatures and enough rainfall for farming. In the highlands, temperatures are somewhat lower, snow is not uncommon at high elevations, and vegetation abounds. The highlands areas can seem almost lush, as Curt Stager observed on his journey through East Africa: ^ The- Etkiopuuv Highlands ore-far cooler and [more- moist] than* the-surrounding tociAands. Although plagued i*v recent years by drought, this arm is, i*v normal times, aw agricultural island uv cl> desert se&. Curt Stager, "Africa's Great Rift," National Geographic, May 1990 ASSESSMENT Checking for Understanding 1. Define leach, savanna, harmattan. 2. Main Ideas Use a table like the one below to fill in characteristics of Africa south of the Sahara. Then write a short description of one of the region's climate zones. Climate Zone Climate Vegetation Critical Thinking 3. Making Predictions Do you think desertification will continue in Africa south of the Sahara? Explain your answer. 4. Identifying Cause and Effect In what ways are people affecting Africa's tropical rain forests? 5. Making Generalizations How does physical geography affect the climate and vegetation in this region? Analyzing Maps 6. Region Study the maps on pages 506 and 507. Which climate regions lie on the Equator? What kind of vegetation thrives there? Applying Geography . Rainfall's Impact As a geographer studying rainfall in Africa south of the Sahara, write a report explaining how precipitation defines climate and vegetation there. CONTENTS Chapter 20 509 Understanding Time Zones As the earth rotates on its axis, half of the planet experiences day and the other half experiences night. By international agreement there are 24 time zones around the world. Practice Learning the Skill Each of the 24 time zones represents 15° longitude, or the distance that the earth rotates in one hour. The base time zone, called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Universal Time, is set at the Prime Meridian (0°). As one travels west from Greenwich, the time becomes earlier; as one travels east, the time becomes later. The international date line generally follows the 180° meridian. Traveling west across this imaginary line, you add a day. Traveling east, you subtract a day. The imaginary lines that divide time zones sometimes curve or form angles. The lines are drawn to allow for geographic or political needs. For example, certain lines curve around Pacific island groups so that island countries that cover relatively small areas will not have multiple time zones. To determine the time and day of the week in different time zones, follow these steps: • Locate on the map a place for which you already know the time and day of the week. • Locate the place for which you wish to know the time and day of the week. • Count the time zones between the two places. • Calculate the time by either adding or subtracting an hour for each time zone, depending on whether you are moving east or west. 510 Unit 7 World Time Zones 60°W 30°W 30°E 60°E |90'°E 20°! 1 £. 180° ^-1 >. 150°W 120°W 90°W 8 9 10 ii 12 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ii am am am am pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm • If you have crossed the International Date Line, identify the day. Practicing the Skill Study the map and answer the questions. 1. How many time zones does continental Africa have? 2. Does Africa have more, fewer, or the same number of time zones as the United States? 3. If it is 4:00 p.m. Saturday in Cape Town, South Africa, what time and what day is it in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? 4. If it is 10:00 a.m. Tuesday in Sydney, Australia, what time and what day is it in Honolulu, Hawaii? Notice that some time zones have crooked boundaries. Why do you think that is? Use a reference book or Internet sources to find a more detailed map of Africa's time zones. Notice how the lines are drawn in relation to cities, political divisions, or physical features. Then make a list of locations where adjusted lines occur. Write the reasons you think the adjustments were made. The Glencoe Skillbuilder Interactive Workbook, Level 2 provides instruction and practice in key social studies skills. CONTENTS Htm* SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE 0 SECTION 1 Terms to Know • escarpment • cataract • rift valley • fault • delta • estuary e Land (pp. 499-504) Key Points • Africa south of the Sahara is a series of steplike plateaus, rising in a few places to mountains and slashed in the east by a rift valley. • High elevations and narrow coastal plains characterized by escarpments have made traveling to Africa's interior very difficult. • The region's water systems include numerous long, large, or deep lakes; spectacular waterfalls; and great rivers that drain expansive basins. • Minerals and water are the region's most abundant natural resources. Organizing Your Notes Use a table like the one below to help you organize important details about the physical features of Africa south of the Sahara. Physical Feature Location SECTION 2 Terms to Know • leach • savanna • harmattan Climate and Vegetation (pp. 505-509) Key Points • Rainfall, tropical latitudes, nearness to the Equator, ocean air masses, and elevation are the main factors influencing climate variations in Africa south of the Sahara. • The region can be divided into four main climate zones: tropical rain forest, savanna, steppe, and desert. • Moderate climates such as humid subtropical and marine west coast are also found in Africa south of the Sahara. Organizing Your Notes Use a graphic organizer like the one below to organize your notes about each of the climate zones described in this section. SfiT* ASSESSMENT & ACTIVITIES Reviewing Key Terms On a sheet of paper, write the term that matches each definition. Refer to the Terms to Know in the Summary & Study Guide on page 511. 1. a crack in the earth's surface created by shifting of the earth's tectonic plates 2. tropical grassland with scattered trees 3. a towering waterfall 4. a triangular section of land formed by sand and silt carried downriver to a river's mouth 5. a steep, often jagged slope or cliff 6. a northeast trade wind crossing the Sahara 7. to dissolve and carry away 8. a passage where freshwater meets seawater 9. a long valley between faults in the earth, with volcanic mountains and deep lakes Reviewing Facts SECTION 1 1. Where are the main highlands areas and mountains in Africa south of the Sahara? 2. What three great river basins are located in Africa south of the Sahara? 3. What natural resources are especially plentiful in Africa south of the Sahara? Describe the locations of these resources. SECTION 2 4. Describe vegetation changes in the Sahel and the causes that contribute to these changes. 5. What kind of vegetation grows in the savannas of this region? 6. What is the wettest climate zone in Africa south of the Sahara, and what types of vegetation grow there? Critical Thinking 1. Drawing Conclusions What resources make Africa important to the world economy? Why? 2. Making Generalizations What general observations can you make about the areas of the region that have moderate climates? 3. Drawing Conclusions Create a Venn diagram to compare causes of rain forest deforestation and of desertification in the Sahel. Then propose steps to solve the problem. HI NATIONAL Locating Places l_l GEOGRAPHIC Afrka South of the Sahara: physical Geography Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Africa south of the Sahara. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. 1. Lake Chad 2. Kilimanjaro 3. Kalahari Desert 4. Lake Malawi 5. Great Rift Valley 6. Okavango Delta 7. Lake Victoria 8. Zambezi River 9. Lake Tanganyika 10. Congo River 11. Niger River 12. Namib Desert 20°W 10°W /G~,o°- 10°E ^* 20-E'M • %; 30°E^"? 40°E 50°E 60°E 512 Unit 7 Using the Regional Atlas Refer to the Regional Atlas on pages 486-489. 1. Region What rivers drain much of southern Africa? 2. Location What natural resources are found in the Ethiopian Highlands? The Katanga Plateau? Thinking Like a Geographer What challenges does the physical geography of Africa south of the Sahara pose to the development and distribution of the area's natural resources? Problem-Solving Activity Group Research Project Africa south of the Sahara has enormous potential for producing hydroelectric power. Work with a group to learn more about hydroelectricity in the region. Find out where water power has already been harnessed, and identify other sites that might be good for hydroelectric power plants. What problems might the physical geography pose to generating and distributing hydroelectricity? Suggest solutions to one or more problems, and share your findings with the class. Geojournal Comparison-Contrast Essay Using the information you logged in your GeoJournal, write a descriptive paragraph about one of the significant physical features of Africa south of the Sahara. Then write a second paragraph comparing this feature with a similar physical feature of Latin America. Technology Activity Developing Multimedia Presentations Select a land or water feature of Africa south of the Sahara, and develop a multimedia presentation about it. Use Internet and library resources to gather information. Then design and draw maps and other visual aids to illustrate your work, and make your presentation to the class. ^TAKS Test Practice Study the time zone map below. Then choose the best answer for the following multiple-choice questions. If you have trouble answering the questions, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices. 1. If it is noon in Accra, Ghana, what time is it in Cape Town, South Africa? A 2 p.m. B 2 a.m. C 10 p.m. D 11 p.m. 2. If you were standing in Nairobi, Kenya, at 2:00 in the afternoon, what time would it be in Durban, South Africa? F 2 p.m. G 11 a.m. H 1 p.m. J 4 p.m. Test'TaJdnj \ Tip Be sure to pay close attention to the locations mentioned in the question. By studying the map, you can see that the time zone in which Nairobi lies is located next to the time zone in which Durban is located. Therefore, the difference between the times should be one hour. Notice that the sample times shown on the map are different from those in the question, however, so you will need to subtract to find the correct answer. Chapter 20 513