New topic combinations:


A   1.Modality - (ability, permission).

B   8.The complex sentence (subordination and its indicators, matrix clause,

         superordinate and subordinate clauses).

C 14.Nominal clauses (their function and their structural types).


A  2. Modality - (possibility).

B  9. The complex sentence (three main structural classes). Direct and indirect speech.

         Free indirect speech and free direct speech. Transferred negation.

C  1. The semantics and grammar of adverbials (adjuncts, subjuncts).


A   3. Modality - (past activity, habit, refusal).

B 10. Syntactic and semantic functions of subordinate clauses (nominal clauses).

C   2. The semantics and grammar of adverbials (disjuncts, conjuncts).


A   4. Modality - (expectation, assumption, conclusion).

B 11.Syntactic and semantic functions of subordinate clauses (adverbial clauses -

         time, place; comment clauses).

C   3.Sentence types and discourse functions and their relationships. Directives.

         Exclamatives.


A   5. Modality - (obligation).

B 12.Syntactic and semantic functions of subordinate clauses (adverbial clauses –

         condition [including types of condition], concession, and contrast).

C   4.Major classes of questions. Minor types of questions. Block language.


A   6. Semi-modal verbs (dare, used to, need).

B  13.Syntactic and semantic functions of subordinate clauses (adverbial clauses –

         exception, similarity and comparison, proportion, preference).

C   5.Restrictive and nonrestrictive modification (relative clauses and other types of

         postmodification).


A   7.The infinitive (types and constructions).

B 14.Syntactic and semantic functions of subordinate clauses (comparative clauses,

        sentential relative clauses). The subject of nonfinite and verbless clauses.

C   6.Apposition. Premodification. Discontinuous modification.


A  8. The -ing forms (gerunds and participles and their constructions).

B  1. The simple sentence (syntactic characterization and semantic roles of clause

         elements).

C  7. Multi-word verbs (3 groups). Adjective complementation.


A  9.The subjunctive (3 types - mandative s., were-subjunctive, formulaic s.).

B  2. The simple sentence (concord, vocatives, negation).

C  8. Verb complementation (intransitive, copular, and especially transitive verbs:

         monotransitive, ditransitive and complex-transitive verbs).




A  10.Clauses of result and cause (reason).

B    3.Recoverability and substitution (pro-forms).

C    9.Words - phrases - clauses – sentences (their relationships). Two conventional

          methods of representing the structure of sentences (tree diagrams, bracketing).


A  11.Clauses of purpose.

B    4.Recoverability and ellipsis (nature and types).

C  10.Word classes (open and closed). Details concerning the individual classes.


A  12.Clauses of concession.

B    5.Syndetic, asyndetic, and polysyndetic coordination (coordinators, correlatives).

C  11.Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and prepositional phrases.


A  13.Clauses of time.

B    6.Simple and complex coordination and their types (e.g. gapping). Appended c.

C  12.Functions of phrases (relation between sentence elements and types of phrases).


A  14.Relative clauses (links and clause types).

B    7.The difference between simple and complex coordination. Pseudo-coordination.

          Quasi-coordination.

C  13.Types of clauses (seven basic types, obligatory and optional sentence elements)