logo_ikons Grammar and Vocabulary /Level B2/: Part II Key Conditionals 1 A You are sure to be late ...5 1 ...if you explain it to them. B If I had their address ...3 2 ...I’ll take an umbrella. C They’ll understand it all right ...1 3 ...I could write and ask them. D If Tom didn’t work so much ...6 4 ...I might lose a bit of weight. E If it rains in the afternoon ...2 5 ...if you miss the bus. F If I took more exercise ...4 6 ... he wouldn’t get so tired. 2 1 If you ask (ask) Liz, she will tell you what to do. 2 I won’t help you with your homework if you don’t stop (not stop) watching TV. 3 They would work harder if they weren’t (not be) so tired. 4 I would have a word with Jack if he were/was (be) at home. 5 Peggy will go (go) shopping if she has (have) time in the afternoon. 6 If he cared (care) about other people’s feelings, he wouldn’t behave that way. 7 She won’t be/will not be (not be) successful if she doesn’t learn to control her temper. 8 If you send (send) this letter now, she’ll receive (receive) it tomorrow. 9 You won’t be able/will not be able (be able/ not) to sleep if you watch (watch) this scary film. 10 If I find (find) your ring, I’ll give (give) it back to you. 11 If her boyfriend doesn’t phone (phone / not) today, she’ll leave (leave) him. 12 If they don’t study (study / not) harder, they won’t pass/will not pass (pass / not) the exam. 3 1 If I had got up earlier, I would have caught (catch) the bus. 2 If I had known (know) it, I wouldn’t have gone there. 3 If I had studied (study) harder, I would have passed (pass) the exam. 4 If I hadn’t left (not leave) so early, I would have met (meet) her. 5 If you had driven (drive) more carefully, you wouldn’t have had (not have) an accident. 6 If we had played (play) a little better, we would have won (win) the match. 7 We would have gone (go) to the cinema if we had got (get) the tickets. 8 I would have called (call) Mike if I hadn’t lost (not lose) his telephone number. 9 If Greg hadn’t been (not be) late for work, he wouldn’t have lost (not lose) his job. 10 Paula would have joined (join) the project if she had had (have) more information about it. Articles 1) "What do you do?" -- "I'm ____a___ teacher." THE by byl nějaký konkrétní učitel, o kterém se již mluvilo. 2) Where do you go to school? ve vazbách GO TO SCHOOL, BE AT SCHOOL apod. člen nepoužíváme.3) He's from ____the____ USA. USA je název státu o více slovech, u takových používáme určitý člen4) Have you read ____the____ book which I gave you last month? TU KNIHU, kterou jsem ti minulý měsíc dal - konkrétní kniha5) The journey only takes about ____an____ hour. jedná se o asi JEDNU hodinu, proto neurčitý člen6) He's very lonely. He doesn't have friends. nemyslíme tím, že nemá nějaké konkrétní přátele, ale že obecně nemá přátele 7) Susan works in London. u měst členy nepoužíváme (výjimkou je např. The Hague) 8) "Did you see Terminator 3 on TV last night?" -- "Yes, it was ____an___ awesome movie." neříkám, že je to TEN ÚŽASNÝ film, o kterém jsme mluvili 9) "Did you lock ___the_____ door?" -- "Oh I forgot!" máme na mysli asi ty jedny konkrétní dveře (hlavní dveře, vstupní dveře), dotyčný zjevně také ví, o které se jedná, proto určitý člen10) Can I speak to Nicky, please? -- Yes, hold on. She's in ___the___ garden. 11) "What's your favourite food?" -- "I like spaghetti." nejedná se o žádné konkrétní špagety, které by měl rád - má rád špagety obecně12) "Where are you from?" -- "I'm from ____the___ Czech Republic." před státy s názvem skladajícím se z více slov (vlastní podstatné jméno + obecné podstatné jméno) se píše určitý člen13) I usually go to school by bike. ve vazbách BY + dopravní prostředek se člen nepíše, muselo by to být např. "ON THE BIKE which I got for Christmas", potom by sem člen patřil14) "Where's Jimmy?" -- "He's waiting in ____the____ car." oznamujeme, kde je Jimmy, pravděpodobně oba vědí, o jaké auto se jedná, asi o to jejich, nebo to jeho15) "Can I borrow your calculator?" -- "Sure, but _____the____ display is broken.” 16) Do you think he can play ____the____ trumpet? je jasné, že se jedná o displej té kalkulačky, proto určitý člen 17) "Hello, could I speak to ____the____ manager, please?" chci mluvit s vedoucím, tedy s tím, kdo to vede, a takový je jeden. Kdybych věděl, že firma má víc manažerů a bylo by mi jedno, se kterým budu mluvit, potom by šel i neurčitý18) Look at ____the____ sky! It's going to rain! nic nebe je jen jedno, proto THE (stejně jako SUN, MOON, WEATHER apod.)19) She's bought ____a____ new car. She drives a Mercedes now. THE by v tomto případě bylo jen např. kdyby si koupila TO nové auto, o kterém včera mluvila. Potom by ale asi tato testová otázka měla více kontextu, nebo byla jinak formulovaná20) Rhode Island is ____an____ American state. 21) ____The___ Atlantic Ocean is the most polluted ocean in the world. THE by bylo, kdyby byl ten americký stát blíže specifikován.... např. It's THE American with the smallest population. (TEN s nejmenší populací)22) We were supposed to write an essay on The Picture of Dorian Gray, but I didn't find ____the____ book in the library. BOOK je podtstané jméno počitatelné v jednotném čísle, a takové musí mít nějaký člen (nebo např. přivlastňovací zájmeno) jedná se o určitou knihu, a to o 'Obraz Doriana Graye', proto určitý člen jedná se o tu jednu zahradu, tu kterou mají u domu (pravděpodobně), proto určitý člen - do telefonu tedy někomu oznamuje že ví, kde je, a že ji asi zavolá 23) Can you please go to ____the____ grocery store on Fifth Street and buy 2 cartons of milk? 24) People seem to be always in a hurry these days. 25) I want to buy ____a____ laptop computer next week. Countable and uncountable nouns 1 1 Let me give you some advice. 2 Kate doesn’t like milk. 3 Could you pass me the tea, please? 4 There’s some coffee left. 5 There is a woman waiting outside the cinema. 6 We must find some information about the departure. 7 Money is very important to him. 8 None of the passengers had insured their baggage. 2 A How much homework do you usually get? B How many people are there in your class? C How much coffee do you drink a day? D How much does a cup of coffee cost? E How many languages do you speak? F How much information has leaked out? 3 A It cost me a lot of money to buy that present. B We didn’t take many pictures when we were on holiday. C He always puts a lot of salt on his food. D They don’t have much furniture in their flat. They’ve just moved in. E Tom drinks a lot of milk – at least one litre a day. F We must hurry as we don’t have much time. G She is a very quiet person. She doesn’t say much. 4 A Listen carefully. I’m going to give you some/a piece of advice. B Do you mind if I ask you a few/several questions? C The cinema was almost empty. Very few people were there. D The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had litttle rain. E I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got little patience. F ‘Would you like milk in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, please. A little./A bit. ’ G Can you lend me a few/several dollars? a, some, any, no Part A 1 We found ________ old magazines when we were tidying up the cellar. an, any, some, something 2 I went shopping yesterday morning and I bought ________ new top. a, any, some, the 3 There is ________ at the bus stop. anybody, anyone, some, somebody 4 We don’t have ________ blinds in my house. any, no, some, the 5 Did ________ see my PA yesterday? any, anybody, somebody, some 6 If anyone ________ hungry, come with me to the dining room. -, are, has, is 7 If anybody comes, tell ________ I'll be here in a few minutes. her, him, them, to him Part B 8 He gave me ________ advice at all. an, any, no, some 9 Nobody said ________ to him. anything, none, nothing, something 10 I don’t know ________ about politics. -, anything, nothing, something 11 We found out that we were going to the shop without ________ money. a, any, some, no 12 She was silent and refused to say ________. any, anything, nothing, something 13 We had to stay at my friend's because there was ________ bus. any, no, nothing, some 14 Is there any more tea? There's ________ in the kitchen. any, no, none, nothing Part C 15 Trust your instincts and do anything you dream of. 16 I need to work. I could do anything. 17 Any candidate with at least B2 knowledge of German will be invited. 18 I would do anything for her but she doesn’t care. Part D 19 Would you like some milk? 20 Can I have some coffee, please? 21 Shall I send you some information? 22 Do you want me to bring some pictures? Reported speech 1 1 I’ve given up my job. He said he had given up his job. 2 I can easily find another one. He said he could easily find another one. 3 I’m going to travel around Africa. He said he was going to travel around Africa. 4 I lived there as a child. He said he had lived there as a child. 5 I might get a part time job there. He said he might get a part time job there. 6 I’m packing my bag. He said he was packing his bag. 7 I’m really excited. He said he was really excited. 8 I’ll be away for a year. He said he would be away for a year. 9 I may stay longer. He said he might stay longer. 10 You could come too. He said I could come too. 2 1 She told …C A I could help my neighbour mend his car. 2 My sister asked…E B whether my sister could give me a lift. 3 I said…A C me she couldn’t afford to come to the theatre. 4 My parents said…D D to me, “You shouldn’t watch so much TV.” 5 I wanted to know…B E if I wanted to go on holiday with her. 6 I told…F F the dentist that Thursday was the only day I was free. 3 Dear Miguel Good luck with the job application! These are the things the organizer asked me about – he’ll probably ask you the same sorts of questions. He asked me if I was married (1). He wanted to know how old I was (2), which university I studied (3) at and where I came from (4). Then he asked if I had worked (5) with children before and what sports I did (6). He wanted to know if I would work (7) for at least two months and if I could start (8) immediately. He asked if I needed (9) accommodation and wondered if I would like (10) any more information. Optional practice 1) John: "Mandy is at home." John said that Mandy was at home. 2) Mike: "Do you still have that book of mine?" Mike asked me if I still had the book of his. 3) Susan: "I'm watching TV." Susan said to me that she was watching TV. 4) Simon: "David was ill." Simon said that David had been ill. 5) Samantha: "The TAs helped in the gym." Samantha told me that the TAs had helped in the gym. 6) Richard: "I am going to ride a skateboard." Richard said to me that he was going to ride a skateboard. 7) Stephen and Claire: "We have replied to all the emails." Stephen and Claire told me that they had replied to all the emails. 8) Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework." Charles remarked that he hadn’t had time to do his homework. 9) Mrs Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old." Mrs Jones told me that her mother would be 50 years old. 10) Jean: "The head must sign the letter." Jean said that the head had to sign the letter. 11) Lionel: “Is the magazine free of charge?” Lionel wanted to know if the magazine was free of charge. 12) Dr. West: “I’m attending a seminar next week.” Dr. West pointed out (that) he was attending a seminar the following week. Prepositional phrases 1 1 Do you admire a famous person? What is he/she well-known for? 2 What do you worry about? 3 What talents are you envious of? 4 Which sports are you good at? 5 Are there any things you are particularly afraid of? 6 What things/people in your life are you most proud of? 7 What kind of music are you keen on? 8 Are you interested in politics? 9 Who will you always be grateful to? What will you be grateful for? 10 Which languages are you fluent in? 11 What or whom do you get annoyed at/with? 12 Which person, or people, in your life can you most rely on? 13 Do you ever imagine your future? What do you dream of? 14 Who are you most similar to - your mother or your father? 15 What would you like to be famous for? 16 Is there anything you would personally congratulate yourself on? 17 When did you last complain about something? Who did you complain to? 18 What is your opinion of/on/about the current economic situation in the Czech Republic? 2 1 Yvonne doesn’t approve of wearing real fur, but Jane doesn’t agree with her. 2 Who is responsible for delivering the invitations? 3 I asked the manager for advice on training but he just shouted at me for disturbing him. 4 No one’s had any cake. What’s the matter with it? 5 Did you drop that dish on purpose? 6 She didn’t want to come with us, but in the end we persuaded her. 7 It was a great show and the audience applauded loudly at the end. 8 He’s in charge of the office and makes all important decisions. 9 They accused him of forging the signatures and sent him to prison. 10 Can you forgive me for my rudeness. 11 They prevented him from attending the meeting. 12 I took a wrong book by mistake. 13 This information is highly confidential. Keep it in secret. 14 We met by accident at the airport. 15 Considering all circumstances, everybody on board was in great danger. Transitional expressions 1 1 We managed to get to the office _____ the heavy snow. A in spite of* B however C while 2 _____ needing a rest, the team continued to work. A In spite B Despite* C Although 3 I like peaches. I don’t like bananas, ………………. . A whereas B on the other hand C though 4 The film was good, _____it was also very frightening. A despite B but C in spite 5 Paul can drive a car, _____ Charles can ride a motorbike. A whereas B even though C despite 6 _____ she isn’t fond of classical music, she went to the concert. A However B Even though C Despite *In spite of and despite are prepositions, so they take a noun (e.g. snow) or a gerund (e.g. needing). *Although and even though are conjunctions, so they are followed by a clause (a subject + a verb: Although she isn’t...). 2 The party was a disaster. To begin with, there were hardly any people there. As a result, there wasn’t a very exciting atmosphere. In addition, the stereo had broken, so there was no music to dance to. In the end, we all watched a film on television. I left as soon as I could. In short, it was a terrible evening. 3 1 He was hungry(,) so he bought a sandwich. 2 Claire is very tall. What is more, she is very thin. 3 Despite being tired, I watched the late film. 4 John did his homework while his brother tidied the kitchen. (The past simple stresses the completion of two different activities the boys did.) John was doing his homework while his brother was tiding the kitchen. (The past continuous can be used to indicate that both activities were in progress at the same time). 5 Tom likes football(,) whereas Stuart likes basketball. 6 Neither Jason, nor Paul likes tomatoes. (The verb must agree with the nearest subject, i.e. Paul.) 4 There are many reasons for visiting the city of Rome. 1) _____, it is a city with an interesting history. 2) _____, it was the capital of the Roman Empire. 3) _____, Rome is very beautiful, 4) _____ its many places, churches and squares. 5) _____ , many of the city’s classical monuments have been preserved, 6)_____ it is possible to see how the city used to be. 7) _____, many people travel to Rome every year. 8) _____ , I believe that 9) _____ a trip to Rome may be expensive, it is well worth visiting such a wonderful city. 1) A Since B On the whole C Firstly 2) A Secondly B Finally C Therefore 3) A In order to B Moreover C All in all 4) A thanks to B because C so 5) A Apart from B However C In addition 6) A because B so C and 7) A Because B But C For this reason 8) A To sum up B Although C For example 9) A moreover B although C due to Phrasal verbs 1 1 Sorry, but I’ve run out of all ideas. 2 Could you look the number up in the telephone directory? 3 We are looking forward to hearing from you soon. 4 Peter decided to take up Spanish this year. 2 5 Could you pick me up from the station? 6 Teenagers find it difficult to get along with their parents. 7 Can you look after my dog next weekend? 8 People with heart disease should give up smoking. 9 Don’t let me down - I count on you. 10 He’ll never get over his grandmother’s death. 3 I had been doing the same job for years and I didn’t really care for (like) (1) it any more but it was extremely well paid. Then one day I decided to look for another job, realising I would need to cut down (reduce) (2) what I spent on luxuries. I filled in (completed) (3) lots of forms but all my applications were turned down (rejected) (4). I carried on (continued) (5) looking for a job but nothing suitable turned up (appeared) (6) so I booked a holiday. The day before I was due to set off (leave) (7) I was rung up (telephoned) (8) by a TV company who asked me to go for an interview the next day. I put off (postponed) (9) my holiday immediately. It was the job of my dreams. I could hardly take in (absorb) (10) the news when they offered it to me. And I never went on that holiday. lower_image