DYSLEXIA


§  Slow and painful reading


§  Transpositions of letters in words (přesmykování)


§  Problems with decoding, remembering, distinguishing, and reading individual letters, especially
those of similar shapes, e.g., b-d, s-z, b-p


§  Difficulty with recalling known words


§  Problems with linking individual letters into syllables and syllables into words when reading


§  Problems with identifying and understanding important facts and themes in a text


§  Confusion of left & right




DYSGRAPHIA

·       Difficulty with expressing thoughts in writing and with the act of writing itself


§  Inconsistent letter shape & size


  * Difficulty copying text from the board or a textbook


§  Slow and labored written production


§  Awkward pencil grip and/or an overly tight grip; unusual wrist, body, or paper position when
writing


·       Messy handwriting, often illegible even by the author

§  Inconsistent spacing between letters, words, and sentences (can't stay on/between the lines)


DYSORTOGRAPHIA

§  Difficulty with sentence structure, e.g., incomplete sentences, poor use of grammar, missing
inflectional endings

§  Distinguishing y x I (in Czech) or inflectional endings

·       Specific difficulties with spelling
  * Not using apostrophes (in English), e.g., I’m, or using them incorrectly


§  Substitution of one small word for another, e.g. he, the, there, and skipping of words or lines
of printed material


·       Confusing letters, writing words together, or mistaking spoken and written words

·       Article confusion and misuse (i.e. ‚a, an, the‘)



DYSCALCULIA

§  Difficulty with arithmetic and math operations and concepts

§  Difficulty recalling the sequence of operational concepts

§  Reversal of numbers, e.g., 123 to 321 or 231

§  Confusion of operational symbols


§  Difficulty in understanding concepts of place, value and quantity, positive and negative value,
number lines, fractions


  * Great difficulty memorizing times tables, understanding reasoning methods, and multi-step
calculation procedures such as algebra

  * Lack number sense such as understanding immediately and intuitively that 6 is a larger number
than 5


DYSPRAXIA


§  Problems with motor coordination


§  Difficulty performing complex movements, including muscle motions needed for talking


§  Problems with coordination of movement, often seen as clumsiness, e.g., in using a pencil, doing
buttons, tying shoe laces or in sports


·       Difficulty learning new skills


·       Poor hand-eye coordination

·       Poor balance


·       Easily fatigued/becoming tired