1.  everything in print
litera
belles lettres
Holy Scriptures (scribere) = Písmo Svaté
Co je psáno, to je dáno.
V novinách psali ....
rules of the free market
the Internet
oral literature and oral performance
too general a concept

  2.  great works only
useful for pedagogical purposes
who decides?
broader understanding of literary development, continuity of
literary tradition

  3.  art (imaginative literature, Wortkunst, slovesnost)
     working with language as a material
language use:
language foregrounded, draws attention to itself (sound,
images)
not only WHAT but primarily HOW it is said
Language of science: clear, universal, definite, unambiguous, 1
meaning, 1 interpretation
Literary language: metaphorical, playful, ambiguous, multiple
meanings
Language of science refers to the outside world
(extralinguistic reality), is a medium only
Literary language: refers to the outside world but also creates
a world of its own, medium and ultimate end, crafted, aesthetic
Functions of literature:
  -   aesthetic
  -   informative
  -   cognitive
  -   didactic
  -   expressive
-   empathic
  -   cathartic
  -   entertaining
-   ...
HORACE: dulce et utile (sweet and useful)
instruction                      pure sound and image, no
                             relation to the human
                        world

marxism              art for art´s sake


deserves attention             not compulsory
not a waste of time            not a bore
gives a sense of achievement and satisfaction


art as "superstructure"

science  x   art
Truth and Beauty

facts  x  fiction

"To si radši přečtu noviny než co napsal nějakej ***** někdy
před sto lety."

FACTS -- more reliable, more true than imagination?

NO

can be wrong or one-sided
True art is always true even if it is fiction.

  -   because it present a possibility rather than reality (what
     could be rather than what is -- see Aristotle)
-   never offers a single, totalizing view but a number of
valid interpretations

IQ
EQ