Urbanization		
Word	Definition	Translation
adjacent	next to or near something else. 	
affordable	cheap enough for ordinary people to afford. 	
apartment	"American for a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building. The usual British word is flat. "	
asylum	"the right to stay in a country, given by a government to protect someone who has escaped from war or political trouble in their own country. "	
block	 to stop something from moving through or along something else.	
boarded up	with windows or doors covered with wooden boards. 	
boom	"a sudden major increase in trade, profits etc in a particular country or region"	
bulky	too big to be carried or stored easily. 	
case study	a piece of research that records details of how a situation develops over a period of time. 	
"chamber of 
commerce"	an organization of people who own shops and businesses in a particular town or city. Their aim is to improve conditions for business in their area. 	
civil service	a country’s government departments and the people who work in them. 	
combat	to do something to try to stop something bad from happening or a bad situation from becoming worse. 	
communal	"owned or used by everyone in a group, especially a group of people who live in the same building. "	
congestion	"a situation in which a place is crowded with people or vehicles, so that it is difficult to move around. "	
convert into	"to change from one system, use, or method to another, or to make something do this"	
corporation	a large company or business organization. 	
council	the elected officials who govern a local area such as a city or county. 	
decay	to be gradually destroyed as a result of a natural process of change. 	
demolish	to deliberately destroy a building. 	
densely	containing a lot of things or people close together. 	
derelict	"something such as a building or piece of land that is derelict is empty, not used, and in a bad condition. "	
deserted	a deserted place has no people in it. 	
detached	a detached house is not joined to another house.	
deteriorate	to become worse. 	
disposal	the process of getting rid of something. 	
dual carriageway	"a road with two or more lanes of traffic going in each direction, separated by a piece of land in the middle. "	
effluent	liquid waste such as sewage or waste from a factory. 	
electricity	"a form of energy that can produce light, heat, and power for machines, computers, televisions etc. "	
elegant	elegant places and things are attractive because they are beautiful in a simple way. 	
endanger	to put someone or something into a situation where they might be harmed or damaged. 	
environment	"the place in which people live and work, including all the physical conditions that affect them."	
estate	"an area where there are many houses, usually built at the same time by the same company. Many estates are owned by local government and have cheap houses for poorer families."	
extend	"to increase the size of a building or area, especially by adding extra parts onto it. "	
fringe	the outer edge of something. 	
galvanize	to shock or affect someone enough to produce a strong and immediate reaction. 	
Geogrian	in a style typical of the UK and the US in the 18th century. 	
ghetto	"an area in a city or town where people of a particular type live, usually in poor conditions. "	
graffiti	words or pictures drawn on walls in public places. 	
high-density	having a high number of people or things in an area	
high-rent	costing a lot of money to rent. 	
high-rise	a high-rise building is very tall with many floors or levels. 	
homeless	without a place to live. 	
industrial estate	an area of land where industrial companies have their buildings. 	
landlord	"a man who owns a house, flat, or room that people can rent. "	
leisure	activities that you do to relax or enjoy yourself. 	
let	"to rent a room flat, house etc to someone. "	
location	the place or position where someone or something is or where something happens. 	
low-density	having a low number of people or things in an area. 	
maintenance	"work that is done to keep something such as a building, machine, or piece of equipment repaired and in good condition. "	
makeshift	made using whatever is available and therefore not very good. 	
neglect	"to fail to look after a place, for example a house or garden. "	
neighbourhood	a particular area of a city or town. 	
obsolete	no longer used because of being replaced by something newer and more effective. 	
packed	extremely crowded. 	
pedestrian	"someone who is walking, especially in a town or city, instead of driving or riding. "	
poverty	a situation in which someone does not have enough money to pay for their basic needs	
preserve	to take care of a place or building in order to prevent it from being harmed or destroyed. 	
prosperity	the situation of being successful and having a lot of money. 	
"recreational 
facilities"	places provided for people to do sports or other leisure activities. 	
refurbish	"to improve a room or a building by cleaning and painting it, adding new furniture or equipment etc. "	
renovate	"to make something old look new again by repairing and improving it, especially a building. "	
rented	used by someone who pays rent to the owner. 	
restoration	the process of putting something such as a piece of art or a building back into its original condition so that it looks cleaner and better. 	
restriction	"a rule, action, or situation that limits or controls someone or something. "	
run-down	in bad condition because no one has spent money on repairs. 	
satellite town	a town or city that is close to and depends on a larger city. 	
semi-detached	"a semi-detached house is joined to another house by one 
wall that they share. "	
sewage	"waste substances, especially waste from people's bodies, removed from houses and other buildings by a system of large underground pipes called sewers. "	
skyscraper	a very tall building containing offices or flats. 	
spending-power	"the amount of money that a person, business etc has available to spend. "	
subculture	a group of people whose beliefs and ways of behaving make them different from the rest of society. 	
terraced house	a house in a row of similar houses joined together on both sides. 	
townhouse	an expensive house near the main part of a town or city. 	
underground	a system of public transport consisting of trains that travel in tunnels below a city. 	
unemployment	a situation in which someone or a lot of people do not have work and do not have an income. 	
urban	relating to towns and cities. 	
vandalism	"the act of deliberately damaging or destroying things, especially public property. "	
well-established	"having existed for a long time, and having been successful or accepted for a long time. "	
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
##### Sheet/List 2 #####

##### Sheet/List 3 #####